計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語課件E1-Unit 10

ContentsPart1ReadingandTranslatingSectionA:WaystoProtectYourPersonalInformationOnlineSectionB:UsingComputerForensicsagainstCybercrimePart2SimulatedWriting:WritingforEmployment(II)Part3ListeningandSpeakingDialogue:UsingAntivirusSoftwareListeningComprehension:HackerandCrackerDictation:TrojanHorses1.1SectionA:WaystoProtectYourPersonalInformationOnline

Wordsunprecedented[?n?presidentid]adj.前所未有的，空前的，沒有先例的engaging[in?ɡeid?i?]adj.有趣的，令人愉快的，迷人的scour[?skau?(r)]v.（徹底地）搜尋，搜查perk[p??k]n.（工資之外的）補(bǔ)貼，津貼，額外待遇Wordshack[h?k]v.非法侵入（他人計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)）mix[miks]n.混亂，迷惑starter[?stɑ?t?(r)]n.起始者，初學(xué)者signify[?signifai]v.表示，說明1.1SectionA:WaystoProtectYourPersonalInformationOnlinePhrasessignup注冊(cè)withoutyouknowing在不了解你的情況下justthesame仍然，依然，照樣inquestion被提及的，討論中的，相關(guān)的protectagainst保護(hù)，保衛(wèi)inregardto在…方面，就…而論bigname成功人士，知名人士1.1SectionA:WaystoProtectYourPersonalInformationOnlineExercisesI.Readthefollowingstatementscarefully,anddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.___1.Identityandmoneytheftrisksareoneofthebiggestthreatswefaceonline.___2.Manyofwebsitesareeithermaliciousorsimplynotsafe.___3.IfyouaresurfingtheWeb,itisnotnecessarytohavesomeprotection.___4.Thetwo-stepauthenticationprocessmakesitharderornearlyimpossibleforhackerstoaccessyourinformationasthepasswordaloneisnotalone.___5. Phishingisamethodthatcanbeusedbyhackerswhoaccessprivatedataofindividualusers.1.1SectionA:WaystoProtectYourPersonalInformationOnlineII.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.Howmanywaysarementionedtoprotectyourpersonalandbankinginfo?A.One B.ThreeC.Five D.Seven2. Whichofthefollowingisright?A.Thetwo-stepauthenticationprocessmakesitharderornearlyimpossibleforhackerstoaccessyourinformationasthepasswordaloneisnotalone.B.Phishingisamethodthatcanbeusedbyhackerswhoaccessprivatedataofindividualusers.C.Identityandmoneytheftrisksareoneofthebiggestthreatswefaceonline. D.Alloftheabove1.1SectionA:WaystoProtectYourPersonalInformationOnline3. Whichofthefollowingisneededtocreateapassword?A.Socialnetwork B.EmailC.Bankingaccount D.Alloftheabove1.1SectionA:WaystoProtectYourPersonalInformationOnlineⅢ.Identifytheletterofthechoicethatbestmatchesthephraseordefinition.a.disasterrecoveryplanb.presencetechnologyc.surgesuppressord.systemfailuree.uninterruptiblepowersupply(UPS)______1.Adevicecontainingabuilt-inbatterythatprovidescontinuouspowertoacomputerandotherconnectedwhentheelectricitygoesout______2.Adevicethatprotectshardwarefromdamageduetoelectricalfluctuations______3.Awrittenplanthatdescribesthestepsacompanywilltakefollowingtheoccurrenceofadisaster______4.Technologythatenablesonecomputingdevice(suchasacomputerormobiledevice)tolocateandidentifythecurrentstatusofanotherdeviceonthesamenetwork______5.Thecompletemalfunctionofacomputersystem1.1SectionA:WaystoProtectYourPersonalInformationOnlineV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseWhydoSomeWebsitesAllowMetoUseMyEmailAddressasaUsername?Notwouserscanhavethesameemailaddress;thatis,youremailaddressisuniquetoyou.Thismeansyoucanuseyouremailaddressandpasswordfromonewebsitetovalidateyouridentityonanotherwebsite.Facebook,Google,andTwitter,forexample,arethreepopularwebsitesthatprovideauthenticationservicestootherapplications.Byusingyouremailaddressfromoneofthesewebsitestoaccessotherwebsites,youdonothavetocreateorrememberseparateusernamesandpasswordsforthevariouswebsitesyouvisit.1.1SectionA:WaystoProtectYourPersonalInformationOnline1.2SectionB:UsingComputerForensicsagainstCybercrime

Wordsforensics[f??r?nsiks]n.取證，網(wǎng)絡(luò)法醫(yī)學(xué)copyright[k?pirait]v.獲得…的版權(quán)vandalism[?v?nd?liz?m]n.故意破壞公共財(cái)物的行為，恣意毀壞他人財(cái)產(chǎn)的行為note[n?ut]n.便條teller[?tel?(r)]n.（銀行的）出納，出納員accomplice[??k?mplis]n.共犯，幫兇，同謀incriminate[in?krimineit]v.使負(fù)罪，連累1.2SectionB:UsingComputerForensicsagainstCybercrimeWordspoint[p?int]v.為（某人）指出wiretap[?wai?t?p]n.竊聽裝置，竊聽scrupulous[?skru?pj?l?s]adj.仔細(xì)的，細(xì)致的discredit[dis?kredit]v.使懷疑，使不可置信bystander[?baist?nd?(r)]n.旁觀者spoof[spu?f]v.欺騙1.2SectionB:UsingComputerForensicsagainstCybercrimePhrasesplantedevidence栽贓，偽造證據(jù)lookthrough逐一查看，翻閱guardagainst防止，提防1.2SectionB:UsingComputerForensicsagainstCybercrimeNotes[1]拒絕服務(wù)攻擊（denial-of-serviceattacks）是攻擊者想辦法讓目標(biāo)機(jī)器停止提供服務(wù)，是黑客常用的攻擊手段之一。攻擊者進(jìn)行拒絕服務(wù)攻擊，實(shí)際上讓服務(wù)器實(shí)現(xiàn)兩種效果：一是迫使服務(wù)器的緩沖區(qū)滿，不接收新的請(qǐng)求；二是使用IP欺騙，迫使服務(wù)器把非法用戶的連接復(fù)位，影響合法用戶的連接。[2]蜜罐技術(shù)（Honeypot）發(fā)展于1990年的一種對(duì)攻擊方進(jìn)行欺騙的技術(shù)，通過布置一些作為誘餌的主機(jī)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)或者信息，誘使攻擊方對(duì)它們實(shí)施攻擊，從而可以對(duì)攻擊行為進(jìn)行捕獲和分析，了解攻擊方所使用的工具與方法，推測(cè)攻擊意圖和動(dòng)機(jī)，能夠讓防御方清晰地了解他們所面對(duì)的安全威脅，并通過技術(shù)和管理手段來增強(qiáng)實(shí)際系統(tǒng)的安全防護(hù)能力。1.2SectionB:UsingComputerForensicsagainstCybercrimeExercisesI.Readthefollowingstatementscarefully,anddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.___1．Whenanetworkisthetargetofacyber-attack,forensicinvestigatorsusetwotechniquestotrackthesource.___2．Thespecialskillsofcomputerforensicinvestigatorsareoftenrequiredforsolvingcybercrimes.___3．Computercrimescanbeseparatedintothreecategories.___4．Agoodforensicscientistcanretrievedatafromdeletedfileswithundeletesoftwareordatarecoverysoftware.___5．Forensicinvestigatorshavethreemainconstraintsdespitethemanytechniquesandtoolsavailabletothem.1.2SectionB:UsingComputerForensicsagainstCybercrimeII.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1．Howmanytechniquesdoforensicinvestigatorsusetotrackthesourcewhenanetworkisthetargetofacyber-attack?A．OneB．TwoC．ThreeD．Four2．Whichofthefollowingcancostforensicinvestigatorstime?A．EvidentiaryconstraintsB．PrivacyC．DocumentationD．Alloftheabove1.2SectionB:UsingComputerForensicsagainstCybercrime3．WhichofthefollowingcanyieldevidencethatpointslawenforcementofficerstoWebsitesthesuspectvisitedthatmightbefrontsforillegalactivity?A．TemporaryInternetfilesB．CachefilesC．CloudstorageD．AlloftheaboveⅢ.Identifytheletterofthechoicethatbestmatchesthephraseordefinition.a.digitalcounterfeitingb.fulldiskencryption(FDE)c.informationpiracyd.softwarepiracye.spam______1.Therightsofindividualsandcompaniestocontrolhowinformationaboutthemiscollectedandused______2.Atechnologythatencryptseverythingstoredonastoragemediumautomaticallywithoutanyuserinteraction______3.Theunauthorizedcopyingofacomputerprogram______4.Theuseofcomputersorothertypesofdigitalequipmenttomakeillegalcopiesofcurrency,checks,collectibles,andotheritems______5.Unsolicited,bulkemailsentovertheInternet1.2SectionB:UsingComputerForensicsagainstCybercrime1.2SectionB:UsingComputerForensicsagainstCybercrimeV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.HowPopularareBiometricDevices?Biometricdevicesaregainingpopularityasasecurityprecautionbecausetheyareavirtuallyfoolproofmethodofidentificationandauthentication.Forexample,somegrocerystores,retailstores,andgasstationsusebiometricpayment,wherethecustomer'sfingerprintisreadbyafingerprintreaderthatislinkedtoapaymentmethodsuchasacheckingaccountorcreditcard.Userscanforgettheirusernamesandpasswords.Possessedobjectscanbelost,copied,duplicated,orstolen.Personalcharacteristics,bycontrast,areuniqueandcannotbeforgottenormisplaced.Biometricdevicesdohavedisadvantages.Ifyoucutyourfinger,afingerprintreadermightrejectyouasalegitimateuser.Handgeometryreaderscantransmitgerms.Ifyouarenervous,asignaturemightnotmatchtheoneonfile.Ifyouhaveasorethroat,avoicerecognitionsystemmightrejectyou.Manypeopleareuncomfortablewiththethoughtofusinganirisscanner.2.SimulatedWriting:WritingforEmployment(Ⅱ)

ProfessionalLetters3.策劃簡(jiǎn)歷簡(jiǎn)歷是學(xué)歷、工作經(jīng)歷、技能和成就匯總而成的一至兩頁的總結(jié)。就像求職信一樣，要為每一個(gè)潛在的雇主定制一份簡(jiǎn)歷。一份好的簡(jiǎn)歷介紹了申請(qǐng)人的背景、突出水平和成就，這些都是最有可能吸引目標(biāo)雇主的東西。盡管簡(jiǎn)歷很短，只是結(jié)構(gòu)化的文檔，但它們需要精心的策劃、編輯和校對(duì)。為了讓簡(jiǎn)歷能夠吸引雇主從而保障拿到每一個(gè)面試的機(jī)會(huì)，最好準(zhǔn)備幾個(gè)不同版本的簡(jiǎn)歷。表10-1總結(jié)了制作簡(jiǎn)歷的注意事項(xiàng)。2.SimulatedWriting:WritingforEmployment(Ⅱ)

2.SimulatedWriting:WritingforEmployment(Ⅱ)ProfessionalLetters（1）主標(biāo)題在簡(jiǎn)歷的最開始，常常要標(biāo)明姓名、地址和其他的聯(lián)系信息，包括電話號(hào)碼和電子郵件地址等。開通語音郵件、微信、QQ等可以讓招聘者或雇主更加方便地留言。（2）職業(yè)目標(biāo)和資歷總結(jié)如果給一個(gè)帖子或廣告寫回復(fù)，可以在主標(biāo)題后面包括一個(gè)“目標(biāo)”部分。我們的目標(biāo)是給這個(gè)職位空缺定制一份簡(jiǎn)歷，來展示你的職業(yè)目標(biāo)與這個(gè)職位要求有多相符。比較接近的趨勢(shì)是將目標(biāo)和資歷概述融合在一起。要想招聘經(jīng)理從可能會(huì)收到的數(shù)百人的簡(jiǎn)歷中區(qū)分出你的那一份，就需要一個(gè)包括三到八條目標(biāo)性很強(qiáng)并能夠顯示你是這個(gè)職位的理想人選的列表。圖10-3顯示了一份包括目標(biāo)這一部分的簡(jiǎn)歷。2.SimulatedWriting:WritingforEmployment(Ⅱ)ProfessionalLetters（3）教育經(jīng)歷總結(jié)如果你剛畢業(yè)，接下來就可以總結(jié)你的教育程度。列出就讀學(xué)校的名稱和地點(diǎn)、主修課程或研究的領(lǐng)域、第二學(xué)位或者輔修課程，以及已經(jīng)獲得的所有學(xué)位的時(shí)間。當(dāng)然如果你在課程中做的很好，還可包括課程平均績(jī)點(diǎn)。（4）工作經(jīng)歷過去的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)和專業(yè)成就向招聘經(jīng)理展現(xiàn)了你如何能夠融入他們的組織。對(duì)于曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過的每個(gè)職位，要列出單位的名稱和地點(diǎn)、職務(wù)和職位、聘用期（按年份，如2012-2014年；按月，如2012年10月-2014年3月），以及一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的、對(duì)職責(zé)和成就的描述。2.SimulatedWriting:WritingforEmployment(Ⅱ)ProfessionalLetters（5）技能、活動(dòng)和榮譽(yù)列出適合這個(gè)職位的特殊技能，如計(jì)算機(jī)水平、能講的語言和行業(yè)認(rèn)證等。也可以列出參加過的活動(dòng)、加入的團(tuán)體或曾獲得的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，當(dāng)然前提是有一些這樣的經(jīng)歷。圖10-3帶有目標(biāo)部分的簡(jiǎn)歷2.SimulatedWriting:WritingforEmployment(Ⅱ)ProfessionalLetters4.按時(shí)間順序?qū)懞?jiǎn)歷兩種最流行的組織簡(jiǎn)歷的方式是按時(shí)間展開和按功能展開。一份按時(shí)間順序展開的簡(jiǎn)歷，是按時(shí)間排序來呈現(xiàn)工作經(jīng)歷和教育經(jīng)歷，有時(shí)也被稱為逆時(shí)間順序的簡(jiǎn)歷。從最近的工作經(jīng)歷或?qū)W習(xí)經(jīng)歷開始介紹，然后往前推進(jìn)。盡量多包含近期的作品，少量談及過去的經(jīng)歷。這種按時(shí)間順序展開的風(fēng)格是目前最受招聘人員和招聘經(jīng)理歡迎的，因?yàn)樗宫F(xiàn)了你的就業(yè)經(jīng)歷的一個(gè)明確的時(shí)間線。如果曾有一個(gè)相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的工作經(jīng)歷和幾個(gè)相關(guān)的職位經(jīng)歷，那么按時(shí)間順序排列的格式通常是你最好的選擇。表10-2概括了按瞬間順序?qū)懞?jiǎn)歷時(shí)該做的和不該做的注意事項(xiàng)。2.SimulatedWriting:WritingforEmployment(Ⅱ)2.SimulatedWriting:WritingforEmployment(Ⅱ)ProfessionalLetters（1）確定是先列出教育經(jīng)歷還是工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)如果你現(xiàn)在是一名學(xué)生或是一個(gè)剛剛畢業(yè)沒有太多工作經(jīng)歷的大學(xué)生，那么就先列出你的教育經(jīng)歷。如果已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了三個(gè)或以上與你目前的工作前景有關(guān)的工作職位，那么對(duì)讀者來說你的工作經(jīng)歷會(huì)更加有趣。隨著工作經(jīng)歷的增多，你應(yīng)該適當(dāng)減少教育經(jīng)歷部分的內(nèi)容，用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的列表列出上學(xué)的學(xué)校和獲得的學(xué)位。（2）格式化簡(jiǎn)歷使其更具可讀性通常情況下，招聘人員和經(jīng)理會(huì)快速掃視簡(jiǎn)歷來尋找重要亮點(diǎn)，并跳過難以閱讀的簡(jiǎn)歷。用一兩行總結(jié)工作經(jīng)歷和教育程度，并用(加在文字下面表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的)著重號(hào)來呈現(xiàn)工作和成就（參見圖10-4）。使用標(biāo)題、行、空格（沒有文字或圖形的區(qū)域）、顏色、粗體和斜體字體來布局頁面，將注意力集中到有清晰整潔的格式的部分。2.SimulatedWriting:WritingforEmployment(Ⅱ)ProfessionalLetters（3） 標(biāo)題左對(duì)齊將標(biāo)題左對(duì)齊（不是中心）來組織頁面，這縮短了每行的長(zhǎng)度，使文字更易于閱讀。左邊統(tǒng)一的留白會(huì)將讀者的目光吸引到頁面上，只在標(biāo)題做短暫的停留，這也預(yù)示著新章節(jié)的開始。（4） 用有力的文字來寫認(rèn)真編輯你的簡(jiǎn)歷，使每一個(gè)句子都簡(jiǎn)短、準(zhǔn)確并且積極向上。用一些積極向上的動(dòng)詞來展開你的句子，如“明確了”（clarified）、“改進(jìn)了”（improved）、“解決了”（resolved）等，而不是“做了”（did）、“是”（was）、“具有”（had）等。用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞來描述你目前的工作，用過去時(shí)態(tài)描述你過去的工作。2.SimulatedWriting:WritingforEmployment(Ⅱ)ProfessionalLetters（5）限定長(zhǎng)度如果工作經(jīng)歷少于三個(gè)職位，那么就將簡(jiǎn)歷限定到一頁。招聘人員自稱他們更喜歡這種簡(jiǎn)短的格式，因?yàn)檫@樣他們可以快速概覽多份簡(jiǎn)歷。當(dāng)然，隨著工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的增長(zhǎng)，簡(jiǎn)歷也可以擴(kuò)展到兩頁。圖10-4按照時(shí)間順序撰寫的簡(jiǎn)歷3.1Dialogue:UsingAntivirusSoftware

Wordscure[kju?]v.改正，消除，治療Trojan['tr?ud??n]n.木馬病毒worm[w?:m]n.[計(jì)算機(jī)]“蠕蟲”程序，蠕蟲病毒，蠕蟲指令(指電腦病毒)heuristic[hju?'ristik]adj.啟發(fā)式的，探索的analyses[?'n?l?si:z]n.分析，解析，分解，梗概（analysis的復(fù)數(shù)形式）quarantine['kw?r?nti:n]n.隔離，檢疫infallibl[in'f?l?bl]adj.絕對(duì)可靠的，絕無錯(cuò)誤的cloak[kl?uk]v.隱藏，掩蓋，掩飾，偽裝outlet['autlet;-lit]n.（感情、精力等的）發(fā)泄途徑(或方法、手段)，排遣inadvertent[,in?d'v?:t?nt]adj.非故意的，出于無心的，由疏忽造成的infiltrate['infiltreit,in'fil-]v.使?jié)撊?，使?jié)B入，使浸潤(rùn)

3.1Dialogue:UsingAntivirusSoftwarePhrasesvirussignature病毒識(shí)別碼，病毒特征值viralexploits病毒攻擊weedout從…刪除不好的部分，刪去takeforgranted理所當(dāng)然的3.2ListeningComprehension:HackerandCracker

Listentothearticleandanswerthefollowing3questionsbasedonit.Afteryouhearaquestion,therewillbeabreakof15seconds.Duringthebreak,youwilldecidewhichoneisthebestansweramongthefourchoicesmarked(A),(B),(C)and(D).Questions1. Whichtermwasoriginallyapositivetitle?(A)Hacker (B)Cracker (C)Phishers (D)Noneoftheabove3.2ListeningComprehension:HackerandCracker

Questions2. Whyhasthepopulardefinitionofhackerbeenchanged?(A)Duetosensationalizeddepictionsfromi