中考初中英語時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)(八大時(shí)態(tài)精講+習(xí)題+答案)

中考初中英語時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)(八大時(shí)態(tài)精講+習(xí)題+答案)初中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)全套精講及練習(xí)題.1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。時(shí)間狀語：every…,sometimes,ofen,always,usually,twiceaweek,at…,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.HewatchesTvonceaweek.2)客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3)表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必?cái)?。注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..4)現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。Idon'twantsomuch.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.比較：NowIputthesugarinthecup.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如：Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。二.構(gòu)成及變化1、be動(dòng)詞的變化肯定句：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一個(gè)男孩。否定句：主語+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be+主語+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Whereismybike?2、行為動(dòng)詞的變化當(dāng)主語為第一，二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞為do肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：Weoftenplaybasketballafterschool.否定句：主語+don't+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：wedon’tplaybasketballafterschool.一般疑問句：Do+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它?如：Doyouoftenplaybasketballafterschooll?Yes,wedo./No,wedon't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以do開頭的一般疑問句?如：Whatdoyouoftendoafterschool?當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),助動(dòng)詞為does肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞三單式(+其它)。如：Heswimswell.否定句：主語+doesn’’’t+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：Hedoesn’tswimwell.一般疑問句：Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它如：Doesheswimwell?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以does開頭的一般疑問句?如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?三、第三人稱單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則(只有在第三人稱為主語的肯定句中，動(dòng)詞才用三單式)(1)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞直接加s:runsgetslikescolletstakesplaysclimbs…….(2)結(jié)尾是s,x,sh,ch,o,前為輔音字母,結(jié)尾加es:watchesteachesgoesdoeswashescrossesmixesbrushes(3)動(dòng)詞末尾y前為輔音:將y改為i加es:study→studiesfly→fliescarry→carriescry→cries但在y前如果為元音則直接加s:buyssays2一般過去時(shí)的用法1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday,anhourago,theotherday,in1982yesterdaymorning(afternoon,evening…)lastnight(week,month,year…),amomentago,aweekago,threeyearsago…justnow,等。Wheredidyougojustnow?2）表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.3）句型：Itistimeforsb.todosth"到……時(shí)間了""該……了"Itistimesb.didsth."時(shí)間已遲了""早該……了"Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你該睡覺了。Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早該睡覺了。would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示'寧愿某人做某事'I'dratheryoucametomorrow.4)wish,wonder,think,hope等用過去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問、請(qǐng)求、建議等。Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以為你想要一些。比較：一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.(含義：她已不在人間。)Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.(含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)注意：用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。1）動(dòng)詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,would.Couldyoulendmeyourbike?3usedto/beusedtousedto+do："過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。Motherusednottobesoforgetful.Scarfusedtotakeawalk.(過去常常散步)beusedto+doing：對(duì)……已感到習(xí)慣，或"習(xí)慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.(現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于散步)典型例題----Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.----It's69568442.A.didn'tB.couldn'tC.don'tD.can't答案A.本句雖沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時(shí)候沒有聽懂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。二、構(gòu)成及變化1.Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化：am和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(wasnot=wasn’t)are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(werenot=weren’t)帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is,am,are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。2.行為動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化：肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式.IwatchedafilmlastSunday.否定句：主語+didn’t+動(dòng)詞原形.Ididn’twatchafilmlastSunday.一般疑問句Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形?DidyouwatchafilmlastSunday?Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以did開頭的一般疑問句?WhatdidyoudolastSunday?3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一、意義——當(dāng)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)生的事。時(shí)間標(biāo)志——now，句前的look,listen二、構(gòu)成:be(am,is,are)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式肯定句：主語+be+現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing(+其他)I’mdoingmyhomeworknow.否定句：主語+be+not+動(dòng)詞-ing+其他.I’mnotdoingmyhomeworknow.一般疑問句：Be+主語+動(dòng)詞-ing+其他?Areyoudoingyourhomeworknow?Yes,Iam.No,I’mnot.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be+主語+動(dòng)詞-ing+其他?Whatareyoudoingnow?三、現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：(1)一般在動(dòng)詞末尾直接加ing,(2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e,再加ing，如skate→skatingmake→makingdance→dancingwrite→writinghave→havingride→ridingcome→coming(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，中間只有一個(gè)元音字母，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing,如：puttingrunningbeginningstoppingswimmingshoppingjoggingsittinggettingforgettingletting四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：a.表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。Wearewaitingforyou.b.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.(說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.c.表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。Theleavesareturningred.It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.d.與always,constantly,forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.典型例題Mydictionary___,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill___it.A.haslost,don'tfindB.ismissing,don'tfindC.haslost,haven'tfoundD.ismissing,haven'tfound.答案D.前句是一個(gè)仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)，瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定式時(shí)可用于完成時(shí)。9不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞1)事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continueIhavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister.2)心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞Know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hateIneedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.3)瞬間動(dòng)詞accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.Iacceptyouradvice.4)系動(dòng)詞seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turnYouseemalittletired.4過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1）概念：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示過去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。3)常用的時(shí)間狀語thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,whileMybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.典型例題1)Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes答案C.割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。同時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，"瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)"提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。2)Asshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.read；wasfallingB.wasreading；fellC.wasreading；wasfallingD.read；fell答案B.句中的as=when,while，意為"當(dāng)……之時(shí)"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為"在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。"句中的fell(fall的過去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fallsick。一、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞否定句則在was/were后加一個(gè)not,疑問句將was/were提前則可。如：Hewasreadingabookat5:00pmyesterday.→Hewasnotreadingabookat5:00yesterday.→Washereadingabookat5:00yesterday?(Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.)→Whatwashedoingat5:00yesterday?二、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常和表示過去的狀語連用。如：（just）then那時(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí)atthis/thattime在這/那時(shí)yesterdayafternoon昨天下午atnine在九點(diǎn)lastnight昨晚（at）thistimeyesterday在昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候但在不少情況下，沒有表示時(shí)間的狀語，這時(shí)需要通過上下文來表示。①Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?昨晚九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，你在做什么？②IwaswatchingTVathomeyesterdayafternoon.我昨天下午正在家里看電視。③Theywereplayingfootballatthistimeyesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他們?cè)谔咦闱颉?.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與thosedays,thewholemorning,from8:00to12:00lastnight等時(shí)間狀語連用。（1）From1983to1998,hewasteachingatYale.從1983到1998年，他正在耶魯大學(xué)教書。（2）Theywerebuildingabridgelastwinter.去年冬天他們正在造一座橋。(3)Hewaswritingabookthosedays.那幾天他正在寫一本書3.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與頻度副詞alwaysforever，continually，constantly等連用時(shí)表示過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常常帶有埋怨、討厭、贊揚(yáng)或喜愛等情緒。⑴Mysisterwasalwaysforgettingthings.(表示埋怨)⑵Hewasalwayshelpingothers.(表示贊揚(yáng))4.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來的動(dòng)作，同樣，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示從過去某時(shí)看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用在間接引語中。①LucyarrivedinBeijinglastFriday.ButshewasleavingforHongKongthenextmorning.上周五Lucy到達(dá)北京，但第二天早晨就要?jiǎng)由砣ハ愀哿?。②Sheaskedhimifhewascomingbackforlunch.她問他午飯是否準(zhǔn)備回來吃。5、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別。（1）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而一般過去時(shí)則表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作。也就是說用一般過去時(shí)，只表示有過這件事；用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性。①Iwrotealetterthismorning.今天上午我寫了一封信。（信寫完了）Iwaswritingaletterthismorning.今天上午我在寫一封信。（信不一定寫完）②ThechildrenwatchedTVyesterdayevening.昨天晚上孩子們看了電視。（強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生了這件事）ThechildrenwerewatchingTVyesterdayevening.昨晚孩子們都在看電視。（強(qiáng)調(diào)昨晚看電視這一動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性）(2)表示過去的狀態(tài)、感覺及心理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞(如be，like，love，hate，fear，own，hear，see，know，want，notice)可用于一般過去時(shí)，但通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：Ihateditwhenamanspokewithhismouthfulloffood.我討厭人們說話時(shí)口里含著食物。(3)一般過去時(shí)與always，constantly，forever，continually等連用，表示“過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作”;而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與always，constantly，forever，continually等連用，表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，常帶有感****彩。如：Healwaysgotupatsix.他過去總是六點(diǎn)起床。Hewasalwaysthinkingofhiswork.他總是一心想到工作。(4)有時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來替換一般過去時(shí)，但一般過去時(shí)表示主語的行為是經(jīng)過認(rèn)真考慮的;而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一種較隨便或沒有進(jìn)行仔細(xì)考慮的行為。如：Ithoughtthathewouldagreewithus.我原以為它會(huì)同意我們的。Iwasthinkingofpersuadinghimtofollowmyadvice.我想到了要說服他接受我們的建議6.使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)(1)動(dòng)詞hope，wonder等的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來表示提出要求，雖然表示現(xiàn)在的內(nèi)容，但語氣比一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)要委婉。如：Iwaswonderingwhetheryoucouldcometojoinus.我想你能否過來跟我們一起活動(dòng)?7下面幾種情況不用一般過去時(shí)而要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1).表示過去某一階段暫時(shí)性的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作時(shí)。如：Tomwasgettingupatsixo’clockeverydaythatweek.湯姆那一周里每天都是六點(diǎn)鐘起床。(2).與always連用表示贊美，厭煩等感情色彩時(shí)。如：Johnwasalwayscomingtoschoollate.約翰上學(xué)總是遲到。LeiFengwasalwaysdoinggooddeedsforthepeople.雷鋒總是為人民做好事。(3)用來描寫故事發(fā)生的情景時(shí)。如：Itwasadarknight.Thewindwasblowinghardandtherainwasfallingheavily.APLAmansuddenlyappearedontheriverbank.Hewantedtocrosstheriver.那是一個(gè)漆黑的夜晚，風(fēng)刮得很厲害，雨下得很大，一個(gè)解放軍戰(zhàn)士突然出現(xiàn)在河岸上，他想過河去。(4)when作并列連詞，表示“(這時(shí))突然”之意時(shí)，第一個(gè)并列分句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，when引導(dǎo)的并列分句用一般過去時(shí)。如：IwastakingawalkwhenImethim.我正在散步，突然遇見了他。Wewereplayingoutsidewhenitbegantorain.我們正在外邊玩，這時(shí)下起雨來了。(5)go,come,leave,start,arrive等動(dòng)詞可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來的含義。如：IwasleavingforWuhanthatday.那天我正要去武漢。Shewascominglater.她隨后就來。8過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣(只限于want,hope,wonder等動(dòng)詞)，用以提出請(qǐng)求。如：Iwaswonderingifyoucouldhelpme.Iwashopingyoucouldsendmehome.三、when,while的用法when和while與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)有著密切的關(guān)系，他們作從屬連詞時(shí)都有“當(dāng)…….時(shí)候”之意，用法稍有不同：①when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是短暫性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。②when引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動(dòng)詞如果是短暫性動(dòng)詞則用一般過去時(shí)，主句是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞則用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作的時(shí)間段之內(nèi)（長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，短動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)）；如果主句和從句兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞都是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞則全部用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),這時(shí)when和while都可以用。③when從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前、之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生；while和as從句的謂語動(dòng)作必須是和主句謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。when+短/延while+延④when和while兩個(gè)詞還可以用作并列連詞，但意思不同，when相當(dāng)于“在那時(shí)”，等于atthattime或justthen;而while則相當(dāng)于“而；卻；但是”when+短/延while+延eg.⑴Iwasplayingcomputergameswhenmyfathergothome.=Whenmyfathergothome,Iwasplayingcomputergames.(2)Motherwascookingwhen/whileIwasdoingmyhomework.=When/WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,motherwascooking.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)鞏固練習(xí)：（聰明的你一定能全部做對(duì)）1．Simon_____________(make)amodelplaneat8:00a.m.2．Peter______________(do)hishomeworkatsevenlastnight.3．They____________(watch)afootballmatchfrom7:00to9:00lastnight.4．He_____________(try)todrawaplaneontheblackboardatthattime.5．Whatbook________you____________(read)whenI________(see)youatfouryesterdayafternoon?6．Whileshe__________(watch)TV,herson____________(play)outsidetheroom.7．It________(begin)torainwhilewe_____________(work)inthefield.8．I________(do)myhomeworklastnightwhenthelight_______(go)out.{goout意為熄滅}9．——Isawyouinthereadingroomyesterday,Tom.Whatwereyoudoing?------Oh,I____________(read)somebooksonscience.10.Girls___________(dance)whileboys____________(sing)attheparty.11.---DidyouseeTimjustnow?---Yes.He__________(fish)bytheriver.12.Whentheteacher______(come)intotheclassroom,thestudents__________（laugh）loudly.5一般將來時(shí)一、意義：表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)?；蛑貜?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。時(shí)間標(biāo)志：tomorrow,soon,nextMonday,nextyear,nextweekend,thisafternoon,thisevening……二.構(gòu)成及變化：一般將來時(shí)常用的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形:表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，沒有太多的計(jì)劃性,還用來表示意愿⑴begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形㈠肯定句主語+be(am/,is,/are)goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份MysisterisgoingtolearnEnglishnextyear.我姐姐準(zhǔn)備明年學(xué)英語。㈡否定句主語+be(am/is/are)notgoingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份Iamnotgoingto(goto)thecinematonight.我今天晚上不打算去看電影。㈢一般疑問句Be(am/is/are)+主語+goingto+動(dòng)詞原型+其它成份…?Isyourfathergoingtoplaybasketballwithyou?你父親打算和你去打籃球嗎?No,heisn’t.不。㈣.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞(Wh-)+一般疑問句?WhereareyougoingtospendSpringFesital.?春節(jié)你打算在哪過?㈤.注意:begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)后面習(xí)慣上不跟go，come等表位移的動(dòng)詞，一般用該動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示。如:He’sgoingtoNewYorknextweek.下周他要去紐約.⑵.will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形(在書面語中，主語是第一人稱時(shí)，常用shall,在口語中，所有人稱都可以用will)1.肯定句主語+will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份(shall)writetohimnextweek.下周我將給他寫信。2.否定句主語+will/shall+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份Theywon’twatchTVthisevening.今天晚上他們不看電視。3.一般疑問句will/shall+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份Willyoustayathomewithustomorrow?明天你和我們呆在家里好嗎?4.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞(Wh-)+一般疑問句Whenwillyourfatherbeback?你爸爸什么時(shí)侯回來?三、附:ShallI/we…常用來征求對(duì)方意見，而問對(duì)方是否愿意，或者表示客氣的邀請(qǐng)，常用Willyou…?他們的回答比較靈活。1.Shallwegotothepark?肯定Sure,let’sgo.否定No,let’sgotothecinema.2.Willyoupleasecometomybirthdaypartynextweek?肯定Yes,Iwill./Sure.否定I’msorry.I’mafraidIcan’t.四、時(shí)間標(biāo)志：tomorrow,soon,nextMonday,nextyear,nextweekend,thisafternoon,thisevening……1)shall用于第一人稱，常被will所代替。will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭(zhēng)求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst.Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2)begoingto+不定式，表示將來。a.主語的意圖，即將做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.3)be+不定式表將來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.4)beaboutto+不定式，意為馬上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意：beaboutto不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。5begoingto/will用于條件句時(shí)，begoingto表將來will表意愿Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,you'dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror6beto和begoingtobeto表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。begoingto表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客觀安排)I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主觀安排).7一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來1）下列動(dòng)詞：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。這主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.2）倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.4）在動(dòng)詞hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom..8用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來意為："意圖"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用詞為come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。I'mleavingtomorrow.Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法1：表示：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。標(biāo)志詞：already,yet,just,ever,never,before用法2：表示：過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。標(biāo)志詞：for,since,since…ago基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用has,其余人稱用have)1)肯定式：主語+have/has+過去分詞2)否定式：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞3)一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞Yes,主語+have/has.(肯定)No,主語+haven't/hasn't.(否定)4)特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞例句1.過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到目前為止這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。如：1)Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我做完家庭作業(yè)了。(過去某時(shí)開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成)2)Hehasalreadycome他已經(jīng)來了。(過去某時(shí)開始離開某地到這來，現(xiàn)在已在這。)2.表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：1)IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語了。(六年前開始學(xué)英語，一直學(xué)到現(xiàn)在,也可能繼續(xù)學(xué)也可能就此不學(xué)了。)2)IhavelivedinShenyangsince1990.我從1990年就在沈陽(yáng)住。(從1990年開始住在沈陽(yáng)一直住到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)住也可能就此為止。)注意1)當(dāng)表示一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用for或since引導(dǎo)的狀語。例如：I’veknownLiLifor4years.我認(rèn)識(shí)麗麗已經(jīng)4年了。Ihaveworkedheresince8yearsago.自從8年前我就在這工作。注意2)當(dāng)在肯定陳述句中含有already或just時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句時(shí)，要把句中的already或just去掉，在句末加上yet.。例如：Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.------Ihaven’tseenthefilmyet.Hehasjustcome.Hehasn’tcomeyet?使用時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)1.“have/hasgot”形式上是一種完成時(shí)，但和have/has為同一意思“有”。如：Haveyougotpen-friends?Yes,Ihave.你有筆友嗎?是的，我有。Hashegotalotofworktodo?No,hehasn’t.他有許多工作要做嗎?不，他沒有。2.have/hasgoneto、have/hasbeento和have/hasbeenin的區(qū)別have/hasgoneto去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來have/hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過，人已經(jīng)回來了have/hasbeenin已經(jīng)在，常與一段時(shí)間連用如：HehasbeentoShenyangbefore.他以前曾去過沈陽(yáng)。HehasbeeninShenyangfortenyears.他在沈陽(yáng)10年了。HashegonetoShenyang?他去沈陽(yáng)了嗎?3.have/hasbeento常和once,twice,never,ever連用;have/hasgoneto則不可。例如:─HasTomeverbeentoParis?湯姆去過巴黎嗎?─Yes,he’sbeenthereseveraltimes.是的，他去過好幾次了。─Wherehavetheygone?他們?nèi)ツ睦锪?─They’vegonetoShenyang.他們?nèi)ド蜿?yáng)了。4.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+表示一段時(shí)間的狀語”的句型中。這類動(dòng)詞有：come,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,join,borrow,stop等。但它們能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換句中的非延續(xù)性性動(dòng)詞。例如：arrive,come→behere,beinbuy→havebegin,start→beon;die→bedeadfinish,end→beovergoout→beoutjoin→beinborrow→keepfinish/end→beoverclose→beclosedleave,move→beaway;fallasleep→beasleep10比較過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1）過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。2）過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具體的時(shí)間狀語共同的時(shí)間狀語:thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once，before,already,recently，lately現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,不確定的時(shí)間狀語3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。舉例：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）Whydidyougetupsoearly?（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過了。）Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。）ShehasreturnedfromParis.她已從巴黎回來了。Shereturnedyesterday.她是昨天回來了。HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。)Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.---WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White?---He'salreadybeensentfor.句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。（錯(cuò)）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（對(duì)）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.2）Thisisthe…that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。典型例題(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming答案B.Thisisthefirsttime后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。(2)---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?---No,it'sthefirsttimeI___here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome答案D.ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時(shí)，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時(shí)。ThisisthelargestfishIhaveeverseen.Itis/wasthefirsttime+that-clause的句型中，從句要用完成時(shí)。注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯(cuò)）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（對(duì)）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.其他關(guān)于動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的知識(shí)點(diǎn).1用一般過去時(shí)代替完成時(shí)1)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but等連詞時(shí)，多用一般過去時(shí)。Whenshesawthemouse，shescreamed.MyauntgavemeahatandIlostit.2)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過去時(shí)；如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作需要若干時(shí)間完成，用過去完成時(shí)。WhenIheardthenews,Iwasveryexcited.3)敘述歷史事實(shí)，可不用過去完成時(shí)，而只用一般過去時(shí)。OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.2一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)時(shí)間狀語從句，條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)When,while,before,after,till,once,assoonas,solongas,bythetime,if,incase(that),unless,evenif,whether,themoment,theminute,theday,theyear,immediatelyHeisgoingtovisitherauntthedayhearrivesinBeijing.他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。典型例題(1）Hesaidhe________meapresentunlessI_______indoingtheexperiment.A.hadnotgiven;hadnotsucceededB.wouldnotgive;succeedC.willnotgive;succeedD.wouldnotgive;willsucceed.答案B.在時(shí)間，條件或讓步主語從句中一般不用將來時(shí)。本題有Hesaid，故為過去式。主句用將來時(shí)，故選B.此處用一般過去式代替了過去將來時(shí)。(2)表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項(xiàng)，行程等活動(dòng)。Themuseumopensattentomorrow.博物館明天10點(diǎn)開門。(實(shí)際上每天如此。)3一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替過去時(shí)1)"書上說"，"報(bào)紙上說"等。Thenewspapersaysthatit'sgoingtobecoldtomorrow.報(bào)紙上說明天會(huì)很冷的。2)敘述往事，使其生動(dòng)。Napoleon'sarmynowadvancesandthegreatbattlebegins.4一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)1)有些動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)：hear,tell,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find,say,remember.Ihear(=haveheard)hewillgotoLondon.Iforget(=haveforgotten)howoldheis.2)句型"Itis…since…"代替"Ithasbeen…since…"3)Itis(=hasbeen)fiveyearssincewelastmet.5一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替進(jìn)行時(shí)1)句型：Herecomes…；Theregoes…Look,herecomesMr.Li.6現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)1)表示即將發(fā)生的或預(yù)定中計(jì)劃好的活動(dòng)。Areyoustayingwithusthisweekend?這周和我們一起度周末嗎?Weareleavingsoon.我們馬上就走。2)漸變動(dòng)詞，如：get,run,grow,become,begin及die。Heisdying.7時(shí)態(tài)一致1)如果從句所敘述的為真理或不變的事實(shí)，則永遠(yuǎn)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Atthattime,peopledidnotknowthattheearthmoves.Hetoldmelastweekthatheiseighteen.2)賓語從句中的助動(dòng)詞ought,need,must,dare時(shí)態(tài)是不變的。HethoughtthatIneednottellyouthetruth.8時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday,一般過去時(shí)yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow一般將來時(shí)next…,tomorrow,in+時(shí)間,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,recently過去進(jìn)行時(shí)thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)鞏固練習(xí)50題()1.There_______nohospitalsinmyhometownfiftyyearsago. A.isB.areC.wasD.were()2.---Whosingsbestinyourclass?---Jenny_______.A.doB.didC.doesD.hasdone()3.---_____theyounggirl_____theoldmancleanhisroomeveryday?---Yes,shedoes.A.Does;helpB.Has;helpedC.Did;helpD.Do;helps()4.---CanIgotoBeijingformyholiday,Dad?---Youcanwhenyou_______abitolder. A.willgetB.getC.aregettingD.got()5.---WhatdoesLindaoftendointheevening?---Sheoften_______herhomework,butontheeveningofMarch12she_______TV.A.does;watchesB.isdoing;watchedC.does;watchedD.isdoing;waswatching()6.Ourgeographyteachertoldusyesterdaythattheearth_______aroundthesun.A.wasmovingB.movedC.hasmovedD.moves()7.Ifhe_______harder,hewillcatchupwithussoon.A.studyB.studiesC.willstudyD.studied()8.---Don’tforgettoaskhimtowritetome.---Iwon’t.Assoonashe_______,I’llaskhimtowritetoyou.A.willcomeB.cameC.comesD.iscoming()9.---Doyoulikethissilkdress? ---Yes,Ido.It_______sosoftandcomfortable.A.isfeelingB.feelsC.hasfeltD.isfelt()10.Oh,it’syou.I’msorryI_______knowyou_______here. A.don’t;areB.didn’t;areC.didn’t;wereD.don’t;were()11.MrLuXundiedin1936.He_______alotoffamousnovels.A.wroteB.waswritingC.haswrittenD.wouldwrite()12.---Yourtelephonenumberagain?I_______quitecatchit.---It’s2567321. A.can’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.didn’t()13.---Howwasyourweekendonthefarm?---Great!We_______withthefarmers.A.enjoyourselvesB.wentfishingC.willworkD.makefriends()14.---WhatdidMrJonesdobeforehemovedhere?---He_______acitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears.A.isdrivingB.droveC.hasdrivenD.drives()15.Jane_______anewdresseverymonthwhenshewasinShanghai. A.buysB.isbuyingC.boughtD.willbuy()16.---LiuMeican’tcometonight. ---Why?Butshe_______meshewouldcome.A.tellsB.toldC.istoldD.hadtold()17.Heturnedoffthelightandthen_______.A.leavesB.hasleftC.willleaveD.left()18.---Keepquiet,please.They_______ameeting. ---Sorry.A.haveB.hadC.arehavingD.havehad()19.---Jimmyisleavingforaholiday. ---Really?Where_______he_______?A.has;goneB.will;goC.did;goD.would;go()20.Frank_______toseehisgrandmaifhe_______freetomorrow.A.willcome;willbeB.comes;isC.willcome;isD.comes;willbe()21.There_______atalkonscienceinourschoolnextMonday.A.willgiveB.willbeC.isgoingtogiveD.is()22.---Shallwegoshoppingnow?---Sorry,Ican’t.I_______myshirts.A.washB.washesC.washedD.amwashing()23.Hurryup!We’reallwaitingforyou.I_______foranimportantphonecall.Gowithoutme.A.waitB.waswaitingC.amwaitingD.waited()24.---DidyouseeTomattheparty? ---No,he_______bythetimeIgotthere.A.hadleftB.wasleavingC.leftD.hasleft()25.---Isthisraincoatyours? ---No,mine_______therebehindthedoor.A.hashungB.ishanging C.hungD.willhang()26.---_______you_______TVatthemoment? ---No,youcanturnitoff.A.Did;watchB.Are;watchingC.Do;watchD.Have;watched()27.Idon’tthinkJimsawme;he_______abookatthatmoment.A.justreadB.hasjustreadC.wasjustreadingD.hadjustread()28.MrSmith_______abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhetherhehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting()29.---Icalledyouatsevenyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.---Oh,Iamsorry.I_______dinneratmyfriend’shome.A.amhavingB.hadC.washavingD.havehad()30.---DoyouknowMissWang?---Yes.Ifirstmethertwoyearsago.She_______ataradioshopatthattime.A.wasworkingB.hasworkedC.isworkingD.hadworked()31.MrWhite_______thenewspaper,whilehisdaughter_______TV.A.read;waswatchingB.wasreading;watched C.wasreading;waswatchingD.read;watched()32.---I_______youatthemeeting.Why?---Iwasill.A.sawB.haveseen C.notseeD.didn’tsee()33.Whentheteachercamein,thestudents_______aboutthenewfilm.A.aretalkingB.weretalking C.talkedD.talks()34.The2004AthensOlympicGames_______onAugust13.A.hasbegunB.lasted C.beganD.