unit 5應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語綜合教程1

Unit5

EnvironmentUNITPREVIEWInthisunit,youwilllearnContents readabouttheeffectsofglobalwarmingonvariousspecies readaboutplasticpollutioninoceanVocabularySkills learnaboutenvironmentalissues learnaboutpossiblemethodstoprotecttheenvironmentPronunciationFocus learnaboutpronunciationrulesWritingSkills writeaboutenvironmentalprotection makeaposterUnit5

EnvironmentPart1BeforeYouReadPart2AsYouReadPart3AfterYouReadPart4AsYouReadPart5AfterYouReadPart1

BeforeYouReadWarm-upa.recycle b.pollute c.emitd.litter e.preserve f.ban1. tomakeaplacemessybythrowinggarbagearound2. toputdangeroussubstancesintothegroundandtheair3. tokeepinitsnaturalstatedbeDirections:Matchthesewordswiththeirdefinitions.Part1

BeforeYouReadWarm-up4. todisallowanactionorthinginaspecifiedarea5. togiveofforout6. totakematerialsfromthegarbageandformitintosth.newthatcanbeusedfcaDirections:Matchthesewordswiththeirdefinitions.a.recycle b.pollute c.emitd.litter e.preserve f.banPart1

BeforeYouReadKeyWords&Phrases1.seriousenvironmentalproblemstheworldisfacing2.humanbeings’impactupontheearthDirections:Seewhatyoucanfindoutbysearchingonlinewiththekeywordsandphrasesandfinishthefollowingtasks.ResearchStudyPart1

BeforeYouReadTasksTask1

Nowadayspeoplearegettingmoreandmoreconcernedaboutenvironmentalproblems.Whatarethemaincategoriesofenvironmentproblems?Workingroupstosearchforenvironmentproblemsandtrytodividethemintocertaincategoriesaccordingtotheircauses.Thensharewiththeclass.Directions:Seewhatyoucanfindoutbysearchingonlinewiththekeywordsandphrasesandfinishthefollowingtasks.ResearchStudyPart1

BeforeYouReadTasksTask2

Humanbeingshaveplayedamajorroleinshapingwhattheearthisnow,notonlypositivelybutalsonegatively.Workingroupstosearchforthevariousimpactshumanbeingshavemadeupontheearth,eitherpositiveornegative.Trytofindasmanyexamplesaspossibletosupportyourideas.Directions:Seewhatyoucanfindoutbysearchingonlinewiththekeywordsandphrasesandfinishthefollowingtasks.ResearchStudyPart2

AsYouReadWarmingtoHitSpeciesHard

Globalwarminghasgreatlyinfluencedvariousspeciesontheearth.Somehaveevenbeendriventoextinction,whichsurelywillhaveenormouseffectsonhumanbeings.

?Canyouimagineaworldwheremorethanhalfofourcommonplantspeciesandathirdofourknownanimalsdisappearfromsight?That’sthescenariosuggestedbynewresearchontheimpactofclimatechange.

?Aninternationalteamofresearcherslookedattheimpactofrisingtemperaturesonnearly50,000speciesofplantsandanimals.Theycametotheconclusionthatthesespeciesaretodeclineduetochangesintheirhabitats.

?Theylookedattemperatureandrainfallrecordsforthehabitatsinwhichthesespeciesnowlive,andmappedtheareasthatwouldremainsuitableforthemunderdifferentweatherconditions.Thescientistsprojectedthatifnosignificanteffortsweremadetolimitgreenhousegasemissions,bytheyear2100globaltemperatureswouldbe4℃abovepre-industriallevels.Inthisscenario,some34%ofanimalspeciesand57%ofplantswouldlosemorethanhalfoftheircurrenthabitatranges.TextAPart2

AsYouRead

?Theimpactonspecieswillbefeltmoreheavilyinsomepartsoftheworldsuchassub-SaharanAfrica,CentralAmerica,theAmazonregionandAustralia.

?Oursocietywouldbeaffectedtoo,accordingtoDrRachelWarren,fromtheUniversityofEastAngliainBritain.Shesays:“There’llbeaknock-oneffectonhumansbecausethesespeciesareimportantforthingslikewaterandairpurification,floodcontrolandnutrientcyclingandeco-tourism.”

?Inspiteoftheconclusionsinthispaper,publishedinthejournalNatureClimateChange,itisnotalldoomandgloom.DrWarrensays,“swiftactiontoreduceCO2andothergreenhousegasescanpreventthebiodiversitylossbyreducingtheamountofglobalwarmingto2℃ratherthan4degrees.”

?Thisresearcherbelievesthatthiswouldbuytimeforplantsandanimalstoadapttothechange.

?Ifnothingischangedandthepredictionsofthisstudyareconfirmed,theworldmightlookverydifferentinafewgenerations.TextAPart2

AsYouReadWordstoKnowPart2

AsYouReadWordstoKnowPart2

AsYouReadPhrases&Expressionscometoaconclusion 得到結(jié)論dueto 因為under…conditions 在……條件下inspiteof 盡管adaptto 適應(yīng)Notes1Canyouimagineaworldwheremorethanhalfofourcommonplantspeciesandathirdofourknownanimalsdisappearfromsight?(Para.1)1)where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞world。2)athird是分數(shù)表達，意為“三分之一”。譯文你能想象世界上一半以上的常見植物物種和三分之一人們知曉的動物消失不見了嗎？Notes2Theycametotheconclusionthatthesespeciesaretodeclineduetochangesintheirhabitats.(Para.2)1）that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，指conclusion的內(nèi)容。2）指示代詞thesespecies代指前句中的plantsandanimals。3）beto譯為“即將”。譯文他們得出結(jié)論，認為這些動植物物種數(shù)量即將下降，因為它們的居住地發(fā)生的變化。Notes3Thescientistsprojectedthatifnosignificanteffortsweremadetolimitgreenhousegasemissions,bytheyear2100globaltemperatureswouldbe4℃abovepre-industriallevels.(Para.3)1）that到本句末是一個賓語從句，做projected的賓語。2）if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。3）bytheyear...意思是“截止到……年”。譯文科學(xué)家們預(yù)測如果不做出巨大努力來限制溫室氣體排放，那么截止到2100年，全球溫度將比前工業(yè)時期提高4攝氏度。Notes4Inspiteoftheconclusionsinthispaper,publishedinthejournalNatureClimateChange,itisnotalldoomandgloom.(Para.6)1）inspiteof譯為“盡管”，后面一般接名詞或者動名詞，而不是從句。2）published是過去分詞表被動，做定語，修飾thispaper。3）doomandgloom采用押韻手法，是英語修辭的一種。譯文盡管該論文（發(fā)表在《自然氣候變化》雜志上）提出了這樣的結(jié)論，但事情也并不注定是悲觀沮喪的。Notes5Theresearcherbelievesthatthiswouldbuytimeforplantsandanimalstoadapttothechange.(Para.7)1）that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，做believe的賓語。2）this指代前段引文中的swiftactiontoreduceCO2andothergreenhousegases。3）buytime意思是“贏得時間”譯文只有到了那時好萊塢才開始關(guān)注他。Part2

AsYouReadBackgroundLinks1. greenhousegas溫室氣體。指大氣中那些能夠吸收地球表面放射的長波紅外輻射、對地球有保溫作用的氣體。溫室氣體中最重要的是水汽，它在大氣中的含量不受人類活動的直接影響，直接受人類活動影響的主要溫室氣體是二氧化碳（CO2）、甲烷（CH4）、氧化亞氮（N2O）、氯氟烴（CFCS）和臭氧（O3）等。2. pre-industrial前工業(yè)化的。指未開始工業(yè)革命之前的狀態(tài)。3. sub-SaharanAfrica撒哈拉以南非洲。泛指撒哈拉沙漠中部以南的非洲，即黑非洲。尼格羅人種的故鄉(xiāng)，至今居民中仍以黑種人占絕大多數(shù)。其歷史文化發(fā)展同沙漠以北的阿拉伯人和柏柏爾人不同。4. CentralAmerica中美洲。墨西哥以南、哥倫比亞以北的美洲大陸中部地區(qū)。東臨加勒比海，西瀕太平洋。是連接南美洲和北美洲的狹長陸地。包括危地馬拉、伯利茲、薩爾瓦多、洪都拉斯、尼加拉瓜、哥斯達黎加和巴拿馬7個國家。5. theAmazonregion亞馬孫河流域。亞馬孫河是南美第一大河，也是世界上流域面積和流量最大的河流。亞馬孫河水系跨赤道南北，終年高溫多雨，物種豐富，淡水魚類多達2，000余種。還有海牛、淡水豚、鱷、巨型水蛇等水生動物。Part2

AsYouReadBackgroundLinks6. UniversityofEastAnglia東英吉利大學(xué)。位于諾里奇（Norwich），是英國老牌重點大學(xué)，由18個學(xué)院和一些研究機構(gòu)組成，享有不俗的國際聲譽。7. knock-oneffect連鎖反應(yīng)。8. eco-tourism生態(tài)旅游。由世界自然保護聯(lián)盟（IUCN）于1983年首先提出，1993年國際生態(tài)旅游協(xié)會將其定義為：具有保護自然環(huán)境和維護當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裆铍p重責(zé)任的旅游活動。生態(tài)旅游的內(nèi)涵更強調(diào)的是對自然景觀的保護，是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的旅游。9. NatureClimateChange《自然氣候變化》雜志。該期刊出版有關(guān)全球氣候變化及其對全球經(jīng)濟、政治影響的研究文章，范圍涵蓋物理學(xué)、社會科學(xué)，以及綜合跨學(xué)科領(lǐng)域。主題包含大氣科學(xué)、有機化學(xué)、能源、生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟學(xué)、海洋學(xué)，可持續(xù)發(fā)展等。10. CO2

二氧化碳。二氧化碳是空氣中常見的化合物，常溫下是一種無色無味氣體，密度比空氣大，能溶于水，固態(tài)二氧化碳壓縮后俗稱干冰。二氧化碳被認為是加劇溫室效應(yīng)的主要來源。Part2

AsYouReadPronunciationFocusPart2

AsYouReadPronunciationFocusPart2

AsYouReadPronunciationFocusPart2

AsYouReadPronunciationFocusPart2

AsYouReadPronunciationFocusPart3

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension Whatwouldbearesultcausedbyclimatechangeaccordingtothepassage? A. Twothirdsoftheworld’sanimalswoulddieout. B. Onethirdoftheworld’splantspecieswoulddieout. C. Halfoftheworld’splantspecieswoulddieout.1Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension Whatisthemaincauseleadingtothedisappearanceofspecies? A. Naturalchanges. B. GlobalWarming.

C. Evolutionofspecies.2Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension Whatdidscientistssuggesthumanbeingsshoulddo? A. Protectspeciesofplantsandanimals. B. Developnewandadvancedtechnologies. C. Limitgreenhousegasemissions.3Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage? A. Humansocietywillbeinfluencedbythelossofspecies. B. Plantsandanimalsneedtimetoadapttoclimatechange. C. Theimpactsonspecieswillbefeltequallyaroundtheearth.4Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension Whatdoes“buytime”inParagraph⑦mean? A. Earntime.

B. Costtime.

C. Spendtime.5Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:CompletetheoutlinebelowwithinformationfromTextA.TextSummary

Itissadtoimaginethatmorethan______world’scommonplantspeciesand______ofourknownanimalswill__________________.Itiscausedby_____________.Researcherslookedat___________________________forthehabitats,and________________thatwouldbesuitableforthem.

Andscientistssuggestedthathumanbeingsshould____________________tolimit______________________;otherwise,bytheyearof2100,globaltemperatureswouldbe_________________________.Andtherewouldbea______________onhumansbecausethesespeciesareimportantforthingslikewaterandairpurification,floodcontrol,nutrientcyclingandeco-tourism.halfofathirddisappearfromsightclimatechangetemperatureandrainfallrecordsmappedtheareasmakesignificanteffortsgreenhousegasemissions4Cabove

pre-industriallevelsknock-oneeffectPart3

AfterYouReadDirections:Completeeachofthesentencesbelowwiththeproperwordinthebox,andchangetheformwherenecessary.TextSummaryimagine project adapt prediction map1. Wehadto______ourplanstofitJack’stimetable.2. Shegotmarriedat16!________that!3. It’sstillnotpossibletoaccurately_______theoccurrenceofearthquakes.4. Governmentspendingis_________toriseby3%nextyear.5. Partsoftheregioninthenorthofthecountrystillhavenot____________.adaptImaginepredictprojectedbeenmappedPart3

AfterYouReadDirections:Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitionsontheright.TextSummary1. effecta. theamountofrainthatfalls2. rainfallb. adescriptionofpossibleactionsoreventsinthefuture3. scenarioc. theresultofaparticularinfluence4. doomd. thenumberandtypesofplantandanimalspeciesthatexistinaparticularenvironmentalarea5. biodiversitye. death,destructionoranyverybadsituationthatcannotbeavoidedPart3

AfterYouReadDirections:Readaloudthewordsandphrases.Pronunciation&StructureExercisesPart3

AfterYouReadDirections:Readaloudthewordsandphrases.Pronunciation&StructureExercises'black'board（黑色木板）

←→ 'blackboard（黑板）'green'house（綠色的房子）

←→

'greenhouse（溫室）'English'book（英文的書）

←→

'Englishbook（英語教材）'dry'goods（干貨）

←→

'drygoods（布匹）

'thisafter'noon(今天下午) ←→ an'afternoon（下午的）Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:Directions:Readaloudthewordsandphrases.Pronunciation&StructureExercisesPart3

AfterYouReadDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Pronunciation&StructureExercises1. Duetowetleavesontheline,thistrainwillarriveanhourlate.2. Inspiteofhisinjury,RicardowillnotplayinSaturday’smatch.由于濕滑的樹葉散落在軌道上，這次列車將晚點1小時。盡管里卡多有傷在身，星期六的比賽他仍會出場。Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Pronunciation&StructureExercises3. Manysoftwarecompanieshaveadaptedpopularprogramstothenewoperatingsystem.4. Hisinterestintheprojectdeclinedafterhiswifedied.許多軟件公司已經(jīng)改編了常用的程序以適應(yīng)新的操作系統(tǒng)。妻子死后，他對該項目的興趣逐漸淡淡了。Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Pronunciation&StructureExercises5. Thegovernmenthasissuedanewdocumentofmappingoutitspoliciesoneducation.政府發(fā)布了一份新文件，詳細闡述了其教育政策。Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:WorkingroupstomatchthefollowingpicturesofendangeredspeciesinChinawiththeirEnglishnamesandtranslatethemintoChinese.FurtherPractice12345678910Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:WorkingroupstomatchthefollowingpicturesofendangeredspeciesinChinawiththeirEnglishnamesandtranslatethemintoChinese.FurtherPracticea. crestedibisc. snob-nosedgoldenmonkeye. yantze-riverdolphing. brownearedpheasanti. Tibetanantelopeb. Chinesetigerd. Chinesealligatorf. black-neckedcraneh. giantpandaj. PereDavid’deer5.朱鹮4.華南虎2.仰鼻金絲猴7.揚子鱷3.白鱀豚8.黑頸鶴6.褐馬雞1.大熊貓9.藏羚羊10.麋鹿Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:Workingroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.FurtherPractice1Whatleadstoglobalwarming?2Whatmeasuresshouldgovernmentstaketosolvetheproblemofglobalwarming?3Howcananindividualplayhis/herroleinpreventingglobalwarming?Part4

AsYouReadTextBPlasticDumpedintotheOcean

Thereismuchplasticwastedumpedintotheoceaneachyear.It’shightimeforhumanbeingstostopdoingthisandprotecttheocean.

?Scientistshavecomeupwithanewwaytomeasureoceantrash—andthenumbersareevenworsethanthought.

?In2010,eightmilliontonsofplastictrashendedupintheoceanfromcoastalcountries.That’sthebadnews.Theevenworsenewsisthatthetonnageisontargettoincreasetenfoldinthenextdecadeunlesstheworldfindsawaytoimprovehowgarbageiscollectedandmanaged.

?Untilnow,mosteffortstomeasureoceangarbagehaveinvolvedsamplecountsofplasticfloatingonthesurfaceinlargegarbagepatchesineachoftheworld’soceans.Astudy，forexample,estimatedtheamountoffloatingtrashtobe245,000tonsatmost.

?Astudyalsoidentifiesthemajorsourcesofplastictrashandnamesthetop20countriesproducingthegreatestamountofocean-boundtrash.EventhoughtheUnitedStateshasahighlydevelopedgarbagecollectionsystem,itneverthelessmadethetop20fortworeasons:Ithasalarge,densecoastalpopulationand,asawealthynation,isalargeconsumerofproducts.Part4

AsYouReadTextB

?Tomakethefigureeightmilliontonscomprehensible,JennaJambeck,theUniversityofGeorgiaenvironmentalengineerwholedthestudy,comparesittoliningupfivegrocerybagsoftrashoneveryfootofcoastlinearoundtheglobe.

?“Andby2025,thosefivegrocerybagsofplasticaregoingtobetenbags,”sheSays.

?Thatwouldbe155milliontonsayearifpresentgarbagemanagementpracticesremainthesame.

?Theuseofplasticsforconsumerproductshasbecomeincreasinglydominant,andproductionhasgraduallyincreasedsincethematerialwasfirstputintowideuseahalfcenturyago.In2012,forexample,288milliontonsofplasticwereproducedglobally.

?Oceanplastichasturnedupexactlyeverywhere.IthasbeenfoundinthedeepseaandburiedinArcticice.Ithasbeeneatenwithdreadfulconsequencesbysome700speciesofmarinewildlife.Part4

AsYouReadWordstoKnowPart4

AsYouReadWordstoKnowPart4

AsYouReadPhrases&Expressionscomeupwith 提出，想出beontargetto 必定會atmost 至多，不超過compare…to... 將……與……比較putintouse 投入使用turnup 發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)Notes1Theevenworsenewsisthatthetonnageisontargettoincreasetenfoldinthenextdecadeunlesstheworldfindsawaytoimprovehowgarbageiscollectedandmanaged.(Para.2)1）that引導(dǎo)表語從句。2）unless引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。3）how引導(dǎo)賓語從句，做improve的賓語。4）ontarget意思是“精確的，有效的”，在本句中的意思是“一定會”譯文更糟糕的消息是這些垃圾噸數(shù)在接下來的十年中定會增長十倍，除非在這個世界上能夠找到一種方法來改進垃圾回收和處理。Notes2EventhoughtheUnitedStateshasahighlydevelopedgarbagecollectionsystem,itneverthelessmadethetop20fortworeasons.(Para.4)1）eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。2）nevertheless在本句中是副詞，而不是連詞，意思是“盡管”。譯文盡管美國擁有高度發(fā)達的垃圾回收系統(tǒng)，它仍然因為兩個原因而躋身于排行榜前二十之列。Part5

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension Whatdoesthepassageimply? A. Inthenextdecade,thegarbageintheoceanwillincreasealot. B. Theworldwillsurelyfindawaytoimprovegarbagecollectionandmanagement. C. Peoplehavealreadyknownhowterriblethenumberofoceantrashis.1Part5

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension WhichoneisNOTthethingthatscientistshavedone? A. Tocountsamplesofplasticfloatingonoceans. B. TosendawarningtotheTop20countries. C. Toidentifythemajorsourcesofplastictrash.2Part5

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension WhyistheUnitedStatesamongthetop20countries? A. Itspopulationislarge. B. Itisadevelopedcountry. C. Itconsumesalotofproducts.3Part5

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension Whatdirectlyleadstothelargeincreaseinplastictrash? A. Thewideuseofplasticmaterial. B. Peoplelackawarenessofenvironmentprotection. C. Governmentshavedonelittletostopit.4Part5

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension Whichistheworstimpactofplasticgarbageintheocean? A. Itisterribletoseegarbagefloatingontheocean. B. Itiseatenbymanymarineanimals. C. Itisproofofhumans’badhabits.5Part5

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenwords.ReadingComprehension1. Heisgoingtolivebythe______(coastal)forthesakeofhishealth.2. You’llbefinedifyou______(dump)here.3. Thepoliceofficer_________(identify)himselfandaskedforourhelp.4. Several________(decade)havepassedsinceIgraduatedfromthecollege.5. Theyburiedthetreasuretwo____(foot)deepintheground.6. Heishighly_________(esteem)amonghiscolleagues.coast

dump

identified

decades

feet

esteemed

Part5

AfterYouReadDirections:Usethewordsandphrasesintheboxtocompletethefollowingparagraph,andmakechangeswherenecessary.TaskAPhrasesinContextputintouse cometoaconclusion dueto,inspiteof comeupwith

AfteryearsofstudyingweatherconditionsontheEarth,scientists__________