外研版英語必修四講義Module1LifeintheFuture2SectionⅡIntroductionReadingandVocabulary-LanguagePointsWord版含答案

SectionⅡIntroduction&ReadingandVocabulary—LanguagePointsforsure(＝forcertain)肯定地(教材P2)Nooneknowsforsure,andmakingpredictionsisariskybusiness.誰也說不準，并且預測也是件冒險的事。besure 確信；對……有把握besuretodosth. 一定會做某事；(祈使句)務必makesure 弄清楚；確保①(重慶卷)ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,butnobodyknowsthedateforsure.會議將在九月份舉行，但是沒有人知道確切的日期。②Onethingisforsure—it’snotgoingtobethateasy.有一點可以肯定——事情不會那么容易。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①(2019·天津期末)—Theydidetolistentomylecture,buthowmuchdidtheytakein?—Idon’tknowforsure.②Expertsexaminedthespacecraftagainandagaintomakesureofthesafety.③Johnhasbeenworkinghardthesedays,soheissureabout/ofpassingtheingexamination.④Besuretopay(pay)attentiontoprotectingtheenvironmentandthinkofotherswhentravelling.(1)可以用Itiscertainthat...結構；但不可以說Itissurethat...。(2)besureof/about/that...表示主語感到“有把握，確信”；besuretodosth.表示說話人認為主語“一定，必然會”。runout(某物)用完；不多了；沒有了(教材P2)Inthefuture，carefortheenvironmentwillbeeveryimportantasearth’snaturalresourcesrunout.在未來，愛護環(huán)境將變得很重要，因為地球上的自然資源瀕臨枯竭。runacross 偶然遇到runinto 撞上；偶遇runafter 追逐；追求①(重慶卷)Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenareaarerunningout.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snoneleft.供應洪災地區(qū)的食物快用完了。我們必須在用完之前立刻采取行動。②Conditionsaregettingworseandsuppliesarerunningout.情況越來越糟，補給也快耗盡了。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Hiscarranintothebackofanothercar,whichcausedmuchdamage.②Iunexpectedlyranacross/intomyfriendwhoIhadn’tseenforfiveyearsonthestreettheotherday.[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯我的錢已經(jīng)花完了，因而我買不起這本書。③Mymoneyhasrunout/hasbeenrunoutof/hasgivenout,soIcan’taffordtobuythisbook.④Ihaverunoutof/haveusedupmymoney,soIcan’taffordtobuythisbook.runoutof是及物動詞短語，通常以人作主語，相當于useup,表示“用完；用盡”;runout是不及物動詞短語，其主語通常是物(時間、食物、金錢等);giveout為不及物動詞短語可表示物“用完”或人“筋疲力盡”，還表示“發(fā)出；分發(fā)；宣布”等。relyon依靠；依賴；信任；信賴(教材P2)Wewillalsohavetorelymoreonalternativeenergy，suchassolarandwindpower.我們也將不得不更多地依賴于可替代能源，例如：太陽能和風能。(1)relyon/uponsb./sth.for... 依靠……獲得……relyonsb.todosth.＝relyonsb./sb.’sdoingsth. 依靠某人做某事(2)relyonitthat... 相信……；指望……①(福建卷)Nowadaysparentsdoeverythingfortheirsinglechildren,whichmakesthechildrenrelyontheirparentsbadly.現(xiàn)在父母給他們的獨生子女做任何事情，這使得孩子們非常依賴父母。②Don’trelyonothers.Youmustrelyonyourself.不要指望別人。你必須依靠自己。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①(2019·天津期末)—Howcanwegettheplancarriedoutwithoutanyonesupportingus?—MaybewecanrelyonMrWhiteforsomehelp.②Nowadaysthechildrenrelymoreontheirparentstodo/doing(do)everythingforthem.[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯你可以相信你困難時我會幫助你。③Youcanrelyon/uponmyhelpingyouwhenyouareintrouble.④Youcanrelyon/uponmetohelpyouwhenyouareintrouble.⑤YoucanrelyonitthatIcanhelpyouwhenyouareintrouble.loadn．負荷；負擔；載重v．裝，裝滿，載滿；裝載(教材P2)Togetridofgarbageproblems,thecitywillloadhugespaceshipswithwastematerialsandsendthemtowardsthesun，preventinglandfillandenvironmentalproblems.為了擺脫垃圾問題的困擾，城市將用巨型宇宙飛船裝載廢棄材料發(fā)往太陽，防止垃圾填埋和環(huán)境問題。(1)loadsth.with...＝loadsth.onto/into... 把某物裝上/進……beloadedwith... 裝滿……(2)aloadof/loadsof 許多；大量takealoadoffone’smind 解除某人的憂慮(3)unloadvt. 卸下downloadv．/n. ①Sheisundergreatpressurefromheavystudyloads.面對沉重的學業(yè)負擔，她壓力很大。②Shethoughtshewouldnotbeabletobeartheloadofbringingupherfamilyalone.她認為她無法獨自一人擔負起養(yǎng)家的重任。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①a.Howlongwillittaketoloadthecoalinto/ontothetruck?b．Theworkersareloadingatruckwiththegoods.②a.Nowthemiddleschoolstudentsareloaded(load)withheavyhomework.b．Loaded(load)withsomuchhomework，manystudentsetobetiredofschool.c．Whenthetruckloaded(load)withblanketsandsuppliesarrived,thelocalpeoplebegantounloadthem.③Knowingthattheyhadarrivedsafelyinsuchfoggyweathertookaloadoffmymind.mandn．[C]命令；指令；[U]指揮，控制；掌握v．命令，指揮，支配(教材P2)Inthefutureallshoppingwillbedoneonline，andcatalogueswillhavevoicemandstoplaceorders.將來所有的購物將會在網(wǎng)上進行，商品目錄將會有用于訂購的語音指令。(1)mandsb.todosth. 命令某人做某事mandthatsb.(should)do... 命令某人做……(2)haveagoodmandof 掌握，精通inmandof 指揮；掌管Hismandwasthatwe(should)startoffimmediately.他命令我們立即出發(fā)。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①a.Thebossmandedthatalltheinformation(should)besent(send)tohimrightaway.b．Thebossmandedalltheinformationtobesent(send)tohimrightaway.②MrWhitewasinmandofthatpany，afterMrSmithretired.[鏈接寫作]——完成句子③我英語學得很好，因此被選為英語老師的助手。IhavesuchagoodmandofEnglishthatIamelectedasassistanttomyEnglishteacher.mand后接賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時，從句的謂語動詞用“(should)do”。有此用法的單詞有：一堅持(insist)；二命令(order，mand)；三建議(advise，suggest，remend)；四要求(require，request，demand，desire)。chargen．費用；負責；指控；價錢v．要價；索價(教材P2)Allformsofrecreation，suchascinemas,bowling,softball,concertsandothers,willbeprovidedfreeofchargebythecity.所有的娛樂形式，例如：電影院、保齡球、壘球、音樂會和其他一些形式都將由該市免費提供。(1)incharge(of) 主管；負責；照顧inthechargeof(＝inone’scharge) 由某人負責，由某人管理takechargeof 掌管；負責；看管(2)freeofcharge＝forfree 免費(3)chargesb.withsth. 因某事控告某人chargesb.somemoneyfor(doing)sth. 就(做)某事向某人收一些錢①(福建卷)Anydriverfounddrinkingbeyondthelimitwillbecharged.任何司機如被發(fā)現(xiàn)飲酒超限都會被指控。②—Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.——我想知道你的服務收費多少?！猅hefirsttwoarefreewhilethethirdcosts$30.——前兩項免費，而第三項收費30美元。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Themanarrestedbythepolicewaschargedwithstealing.②(朗文辭典)Yourorderwillbedeliveredfreeofchargewithinaten-milelimit.[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯布萊克先生不在時，由我負責整個工廠。③I’llbeinchargeofthewholefactorywhenMrBlackisaway.④ThewholefactorywillbeinthechargeofmewhenMrBlackisaway.⑤I’lltakechargeofthewholefactorywhenMrBlackisaway.attachvt.系；貼；連接；使依戀；重視(教材P2)Seniorcitizensandpeoplewithdisabilitieswillbeabletogoanywhereintheworldusinghigh-techcamerasattachedtotheirhead.老年人和身體有殘疾的人通過使用綁在頭上的高科技的相機就能周游世界。(1)attachsth.tosth. 把……附在……上，把……固定到……上attachimportance/significanceto 認為……重要/有意義(2)attachedadj. (作表語)依戀的；附屬于beattachedto 附屬于；依戀①Attacharecentphotographtoyourapplicationform.在你的申請表上貼一張近照。②Thismiddleschoolisattachedtoanormalcollege.這所附屬于一所師范院校。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Onhertenthbirthdayshereceivedaboxofchocolateswithacardattached(attach)toit,saying“Happybirthday！”②Themiddleschoolattached(attach)toBeijingNormalUniversityiswell－knownacrossthecountry.③Moreandmorepeopleattachimportancetoreducing(reduce)greenhousegasemission.[鏈接寫作]——完成句子④(天津卷)我的父母一直非常重視讓我得到良好的教育。Myparentsalwaysattachgreatimportancetomygettingagoodeducation.“nomatter＋疑問詞”引導讓步狀語從句(教材P2)Everyonewillbegivenatelephonenumberatbirththatwillneverchangenomatterwheretheylive.每個人在出生時都會被給予一個號碼，無論他們生活在什么地方，這個號碼都不會改變。句中nomatterwheretheylive為“nomatterwhere(＝wherever)”引導的讓步狀語從句。另外，nomatter還可以與when,how,what,who等疑問詞連用，引導讓步狀語從句。(1)“nomatter＋疑問詞”引導讓步狀語從句時相當于“疑問詞＋-ever”引導讓步狀語從句。(2)“nomatter＋疑問詞”只能引導讓步狀語從句，而“whatever/whichever/whoever”除引導讓步狀語從句外還可引導名詞性從句，whenever和wherever還可以分別引導時間狀語從句和地點狀語從句。①Nomatterwhere/Whereveryoulive,youmustlearntogetalongwithothers.不管你生活在哪里，你必須學會與他人相處。②Nomatterwhere/Whereverthehistoricalrelicsareremoved,theyareournation’svaluabletreasures.無論這些歷史文物被搬遷到哪里，它們都是我們國家的寶貴財富。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①(2018·天津卷)Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoeverwinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.②Nomatterwhathappenstomorrow,holdontotodayandyouwon’tregret.[鏈接寫作]——完成句子③(2019·黑龍江哈期中)Nomatterwhere/Whereverheis(無論他在哪里),hemakesitaruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.④(2017·北京卷)Everyyear,whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkite(無論誰制作出最美麗的風箏)willwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.⑤However/Nomatterhowhardhetried(不管他怎么努力),hecouldn’tgethertochangehermind.⑥We’lltrytogiveyouwhateveryouwant(想要的任何東西)．⑦Whoeverwantstovisitthemuseum(無論誰想去參觀博物館)mustaskourteacherforpermission.nomatterhow引導讓步狀語從句時后緊跟形容詞或副詞，然后接從句中的其他成分，即：nomatterhow＋adj./adv.＋主語＋謂語。with＋賓語＋賓補(教材P2)Distancesurgerywillbeemonasdoctorscarryoutoperationsfromthousandsofmilesaway，witheachcityhavingitsowntelesurgeryoutpatientclinic.醫(yī)生在幾千英里以外為病人動手術的遠程治療成為常事，因為每個城市都有自己的遠程診所。句中“witheachcityhavingitsowntelesurgeryoutpatientclinic”是“with＋賓語＋賓補”結構。該結構在句中可作伴隨狀語、方式狀語、原因狀語、時間狀語等，也可作后置定語。常見的with復合結構：(1)with＋賓語＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(2)with＋賓語＋doing(表主動、進行)(3)with＋賓語＋done(表被動、完成)(4)with＋賓語＋todo(表將來)①Heisusedtosleepingwiththewindowsopen.他習慣于開著窗戶睡覺。②Withthemealover,weallwenthome.吃完了飯，我們都回家了。③Don’tstandwithyourhandsinyourpockets.站著的時候不要把手插在口袋里。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①(浙江卷)Bodylanguagecangiveawayalotaboutyourmood,sostandingwithyourarmsfolded(fold)cansendoutasignalthatyouarebeingdefensive.②Thegirlfeltverysafewithhermotherstanding(stand)behindher.③Withsomuchworktodo(do),Ihavenotimeforaholiday.在“with＋賓語＋賓補”結構中，用不定式作賓補時，常用主動形式表示被動含義。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)品句填詞1．Maybeyoucaneupwithanalternative(選擇的)suggestionaboutthelocationofthenewmarket.2．It’smyprediction(預測)thathewillbeeanoutstandingjournalist.3．Yesterdaythemancharged(要價)me15yuanformendingthewatch.4．Coalisthesecondmajornaturalresource(資源)foundinlargequantitiesintheUnitedStates.5．Theysearchedthecriminal(罪犯)toseewhathehadinhispockets.6．Itisreportedthatseveralpeopleinconnectionwitharobberyhavebeenarrested(逮捕)．7．Wewerealreadywornout.Tomakemattersworse,themanagermanded(命令)ustofinishthetaskbeforedark.8．Itisadvisablethatyoushouldattach(貼)arecentphotoofyoutoyourapplication(申請)form.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯1．Noonecansayforsurelywhattheyweretalkingaboutbecausetheyheldthemeetingsecretly.surely→sure2．Hehadtofindajobbecausehismoneyhadbeenrunout.在out后加of3．Youcanrelyonthatourteacherwillgiveushelp.在that前加it4．Hersonwaschargedforcheatingbythepolice,whichmadeitdifficultforhertogotosleep.第一個for→with5．Jackwentouttoplayfootball，withallhishomeworkfinishing.finishing→finishedeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)課文語法填空Whatwillthecityofthefuturelooklike？1.Making(make)predictionsisariskybusiness.Onethingis2.thatcarefortheenvironmentwillbeeveryimportantasearth’s3.natural(nature)resourcesrunout.However,there4.are(be)plentyofthingsaboutcitylifeinthefuture5.which/thatarenotcertain.Herearesomeideasthatyoungpeoplecreate：Everyone6.will__be__given(give)atelephonenumberatbirththatwillneverchangenomatterwheretheylive.Everyonewilldo7.shopping(shop)andplaceordersonline.Doctorswillcarryout8.operations(operate)fromthousandsofmilesawayanddistancesurgerywillbeemon.Seniorcitizensandpeople9.withdisabilitieswillbeabletogoanywhereusinghigh-techcameras10.attached(attach)totheirhead.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．(2019·江蘇鹽城月考)—I’mstillworkingonmyproject.—Oh,you’llmissthedeadline.Timeisrunningout．2．Thebossmandedthatthework(should)__be__finished(finish)before5p．m.3．Youcantakeasmanybooksasyoulikeherefortheyarefreeofcharge.4．Inmyopinion,moreimportanceshouldbeattachedtodeveloping(develop)students’abilitytosolveproblems.5．Ihadnoalternativebutto__report(report)himtothepoliceatoncewhenIfoundathief.6．Helayinbed,withhiseyesfixed(fix)ontheroofandwonderingwhattodonext.7．Whereveryougo,youwillfindmanykindpeoplewhowanttohelpothers.8．Tokeepthetownclean，thetruckloaded(load)withgarbageispreventedfromenteringtotown.9．(2018·北京卷)Traveling(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.10．Ifhepromisestodosomething,hewilldoit,soyoucanrelyonhishelping(help)youwhenyouareintrouble.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解ALifewillprobablybeverydifferentin2050.Firstofall,itseemsthatTVchannelswillhavedisappearedby2050.Instead,peoplewillchooseaprogrammefroma“menu”andaputerwillsendtheprogrammedirectlytothetelevision.Today,wecanusetheWorldWideWebtoreadnewspaperstoriesandseepicturesonaputerthousandsofkilometersaway.By2050,music,films,programmes,newspapersandbookswilletousinthisway.Inmanyplaces,agricultureisdevelopingquicklyandpeoplearegrowingfruitandvegetablesforexport.Thisusesalotofwater.Therefore,therecouldbeseriousshortages.Somescientistspredictthatwatercouldbethecauseofwarifwedon’tsavenow.Inthefuture,carswillrunonnew,cleanfuelsandtheywillgoveryfast.Carswillhaveputerstocontrolthespeedofthemandtherewon’tbeanyaccidents.Today,manycarshaveputersthattelldriversexactlywheretheyare.By2050,theputerwillcontrolthecaranddriveittoyourdestination.Also,by2050,spaceplaneswillflypeoplefromLosAngelestoTokyoinjusttwohours.Somebigpaniesnowprefertouserobotsthatdonotaskforpayrisesorgoonstrike,andwork24hoursaday.By2050,wewillseerobotseverywhere—infactories,schools,offices,hospitals,shopsandhomes.By2050,wewillbeabletohelpblindanddeafpeopleseeagainandhearagain.Nowadays,scientistshavediscoveredhowtocontrolgenesandhavealreadyproducedclonesofanimals.By2050,scientistswillbeabletoproduceclonesofpeopleanddecidehowtheylook,howtheybehaveandhowmuchintelligencetheyhave.Scientistswillbeabletodothesethings,butshouldthey?【解題導語】本文主要講到2050年，高科技在信息來源、農(nóng)業(yè)、汽車、太空飛機、機器人及克隆方面帶給人們的影響。1．By2050,peoplewillgetinformationmainlyby________．A．watchingTV B．readingnewspapersC．listeningtotheradio D．turningtoawebsiteD解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段末句“By2050,music,films,programmes,newspapersandbookswilletousinthisway.”可知到了2050年，人們了解信息的方式將會主要依靠網(wǎng)絡。2．Fromthesecondparagraph,welearnthat________．A．theneedforwaterinthefuturewillincreasealotB．futurewarswillleadtoanincreasingneedforwaterC．therecanbenoagriculturewithoutenoughwaterD．thepopulationwilldecreaseforlackofwaterA解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Inmanyplaces,agricultureisdevelopingquicklyandpeoplearegrowingfruitandvegetablesforexport.Thisusesalotofwater.”可知農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，因而會增加用水量，所以答案為A項。3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTarealityatthepresenttime?A．Scientistshavefoundouthowtocontrolgenes.B．Carshaveputerswhichtelldriverstheirpositions.C．PeoplecanlearnaboutwhathashappenedanywhereontheInternet.D．Robotshavepletelyreplacedhumansinsomefactories.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Somebigpaniesnowprefertouserobotsthatdonotaskforpayrisesorgoonstrike,andwork24hoursaday.”可知，雖然有些大公司喜歡使用機器人代替人工作，但并不意味著機器人已經(jīng)完全代替人類。而文中也說大規(guī)模廣泛使用機器人要到2050年，故D項表述不現(xiàn)實。4．WhichofthefollowingsubjectsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A．Entertainment. B．Travel.C．Climate. D．Health.C解析：細節(jié)理解題。第一段提到了信息來源，其中提到了人們觀賞電影和欣賞音樂，這是“娛樂”話題；第三段涉及交通方式，這涉及人們的出行；末段提到對疾病的治療，涉及健康。文章未提到氣候，故選C項。BThinkaboutthedifferentwaysthatpeopleusewind.Youcanuseittoflyakiteortosailaboat.Windisoneofourcleanestandrichestpowersources,aswellasoneoftheoldest.Evidenceshowsthatwindmills(風車)begantobeusedinancientIranbackintheseventhcenturyBC.TheywerefirstintroducedtoEuropeduringthe1100s,whenarmiesreturnedfromtheMiddleEastwithknowledgeofusingwindpower.Formanycenturies,peopleusedwindmillstogrind(磨碎)wheatintoflourorpumpwaterfromdeepunderground.Whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s,peoplelivinginremote(偏僻的)areasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.Thisallowedthemtohaveelectriclightsandradios.However,bythe1940swhenelectricitywasavailabletopeopleinalmostallareasoftheUnitedStates,windmillswererarelyused.Duringthe1970s,peoplestartedbeingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever.Then,windwasrediscovered,thoughitmeanshighcosts.Today,thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.【解題導語】文章介紹風能的發(fā)展過程和用途，并介紹全球已越來越多地使用風力發(fā)電，因為它是清潔環(huán)保的能源。5．Fromthetextweknowthatwindmills________．A．wereinventedbyEuropeanarmiesB．haveahistoryofmorethan2，800yearsC．usedtosupplypowertoelectriclightsinremoteareasD．haverarelybeenusedsinceelectricitywasdiscoveredC解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二、三句可知，偏僻的地區(qū)可以用風車發(fā)電，從而有了電燈和收音機。6．Whatwasanewuseforwindpowerinthelate19thcentury?A．Sailingaboat.B．Producingelectricity.C．Grindingwheatintoflour.D．Pumpingwaterfromunderground.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s,peoplelivinginremote(偏僻的)areasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.”可知，在19世紀末期，風車可以用來發(fā)電。7．Oneofthereasonswhywindwasrediscoveredinthe1970sisthat________．A．windpoweriscleanerB．itisoneoftheoldestpowersourcesC．itwascheapertocreateenergyfromwindD．thesupplyofcoalandgasfailedtomeetendsA解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Duringthe1970s,peoplestartedbeingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.”可知，現(xiàn)在重新使用風能是因為它是清潔的。8．Whatwouldthewriterprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A．Theadvantagesofwindpower.B．Thedesignofwindpowerplants.C．Theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy.D．Theglobaltrend(趨勢)towardsproducingpowerfromwind.D解析：推理判斷題。第三段最后已提出現(xiàn)在全球已越來越多地使用風力發(fā)電，所以下一段應該要進一步推廣使用風力發(fā)電，這是一種能源發(fā)展趨勢。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)七選五Althoughmostparentsdon’tlikedoingitafteralongandexhaustingworkday,readingbedtimestoriesdoesmakeapositiveinfluenceonyourchild’