2023年英語中考語法復(fù)習(xí)講義第一節(jié)名詞

中考復(fù)習(xí)之名詞名詞是表示人或事物名稱的詞。名詞通常用作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、同位語或定語。考點：可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞專有名詞名詞所有格名詞作主語時的主謂一致解析：一、可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)名詞按其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。個體名詞和集體名詞屬于可數(shù)名詞。個體名詞：表示某類人或事物中的個體，如：driver，window，puter等。集體名詞：表示若干個體組成的集合體，如：family，class，team等。（1）一般情況下直接加s， 如：apple→apples，boy→boys等。（2）以s，x，ch，sh以及部分以o結(jié)尾的單詞加es， 如：class→classes，box→boxes，watch→watches，dish→dishes，tomato→tomatoes等。（3）輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞，把y變i再加es， 如：city→cities，library→libraries等。（4）以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞，把f或fe變v再加es， 如：leaf→leaves，knife→knives等。belief直接加s。部分以o結(jié)尾的單詞直接加s， 如：radio→radios，zoo→zoos等。（1）改變元音字母， 如：foot→feet，man→men等。（2）詞尾發(fā)生變化， 如：child→children等。（3）單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞， 如：sheep，deer等。（4）表示“某國人”的單復(fù)數(shù)變化 ①單復(fù)數(shù)同形， 如：Chinese，Japanese。 ②詞尾加s， 如：Roman→Romans，German→Germans。 ③變man為men， 如：Englishman→Englishmen，F(xiàn)renchman→Frenchmen。（5）合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，通常只將里面的主體名詞變復(fù)數(shù)， 如：passerby→passersby，busdriver→busdrivers，boyfriend→boyfriends； 如果沒有主體名詞，就在最后一詞上變復(fù)數(shù)，如：grownup→grownups。 注：由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時將名詞及man或woman都變成復(fù)數(shù)， 如：manwriter→menwriters,womandoctor→womendoctors。練習(xí)：把下列名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式CanadianAustralianEnglishmanKoreanheroradiotomatopotatoknifewifehalfbeliefbrushwatchclassdishfactorydiarymemorycenturyChineseJapanesesheepdeermousefoottoothchildbananatreepencilboxwomanteacher答案： Canadians;Australians;Englishmen;Koreans;heroes;radios;tomatoes;potatoes;knives;wives;halves;beliefs;brushes;watches;classes;dishes;factories;diaries;memories;centuries;Chinese;Japanese;sheep;deer;mice;feet;teeth;children;bananatrees;pencilboxes;womenteachers二、不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。部分物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞屬于不可數(shù)名詞。物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)或?qū)嵨?，如：rice，air，wood等。抽象名詞：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象的概念，如：happiness，advice，knowledge等。不可數(shù)名詞前面也不可用數(shù)詞修飾。說明其數(shù)量時要借助相應(yīng)的計量名詞， 如：acupoftea，fivepiecesofadvice等。三、專有名詞專有名詞用來表示某一特定的人、團體、地方或機構(gòu)等。 如：Chinese，ClassFour，theGreatWall，No.60MiddleSchool等。四、名詞所有格表示名詞與名詞之間的所屬關(guān)系，叫名詞所有格。's所有格：用于人或動物的名詞詞尾，以及表示時間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的名詞后。 如：Crystal'sbooks，twentyminutes'drive，Harbin'sicelanterns等。注：當(dāng)表示兩個或幾個人共同所有的人或物時，只在最后一個名詞后加所有格。 如：LucyandLily'sroom（表示Lucy和Lily共同所有的房間） Lucy'sandLily'srooms（表示Lucy和Lily各自所有的房間）of所有格（名詞＋of＋名詞）：常用來表示無生命的名詞所有關(guān)系。 如：thewindowsofthehouse，thephotoofthefamily等。雙重所有格："of＋所有格"這種結(jié)構(gòu)叫雙重所有格。 如：anovelofMoYan's。注：有些名詞如診所、家、店鋪加's變所有格后，可以省去名詞。 如：thedoctor's（醫(yī)生診所），thebarber's（理發(fā)店）等。練習(xí)：把下列漢語譯成英文在兒童節(jié)那天，20分鐘的卡通片吸引了很多孩子。 On ,theytwenty cartoonfilmattractedmanykids.那個店主賣了五塊肉。 Thatshopkeepersoldfivemeat.瑪麗和凱特的爸爸是史密斯先生。 andfatherisMr.Smith.離哈爾濱有五十分鐘的車程。 It's____________________busridetoHarbin.答案：1.Children'sDay，minutes'2.piecesof3.Mary，Kate's4.fiftyminutes'五、名詞作主語時的主謂一致 1.集體名詞（如：family，class，team，group，staff等）作句子主語時，如果表示整體概念， 則謂語用單數(shù)形式。如果表示其中的所有成員時，則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 例：(1)ClassSevenisagoodclass.ClassSevenarehavingagoodtime.Chinese，sheep等表示單個概念作句子主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。多個概念謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 例：(1)Thesheepisonthehill. (2)Thesheepareonthehill. 3.maths，news等單詞雖然詞尾是s，但不是復(fù)數(shù)，因此作句子主語時謂語用單數(shù)形式。 例：Today'snewsisveryamazing.4.glasses，shoes，socks，gloves等名詞往往使用復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此這些詞作句子主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如果有apairof修飾時，則pair是中心詞，謂語用單數(shù)。 例：(1)Hernewtrousersareverycheap. (2)Apairoftrousersisonsaleoverthere. 5.alotof，halfof，allof，threequartersof等后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)作句子主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如后跟不可數(shù)名詞作句子主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式。 例：(1)Threequartersofthestudentsareplayingbaseballnow. (2)Threequartersofthetimewaswastedonthatwork. 6.and連接兩個名詞作句子主語時，謂語原則上用復(fù)數(shù)。但是兩個名詞若構(gòu)成一個整體事物，或兩個名詞 指同一人物時，謂語用單數(shù)。 例：(1)Theteacherandhissonarepickingapplesnow. (2)Aknifeandforkisjustonthetable.(3)Thewriterandpoetlivesinthevillage. 7.both...and...連接兩個名詞作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 例：Boththemotherandthesonaresupposedtobeheretomorrow.主語中含有with，alongwith，like，aswellas，suchas等短語時，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)由短語之前的人或物決定。 例：Awomanwitha7yearoldchildwasstandingthereatthattime.Therebe句型中be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式采取就近原則。 例：Thereisadeskandfourchairsintheclassroom. 10.either...or...和neither...nor...連接兩個名詞作句子主語時，謂語采取就近原則。 例：EitherSundayorMondayisOK. 11.表示一段時間、距離、金錢或長度概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語一般用單數(shù)。 例：Twomonthsisnotashorttime.練習(xí)：選擇正確的動詞形式填空1.Apairofshoes______________(is/are)underthebed.2.Threeyears______________(is/are)alongtimeforme.3.There______________(is/are)somehousesandabigtreeonthisstreet.4.Themanwithhischildren______________(was/were)talkingabouttheTVshow.5.Halfofthetime______________(was/were)wasted.6.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher______________(has/have)finisheditontime.7.Thesingeranddancer______________(is/are)inghere.8.BothJimandhiscousin______________(was/were)absentfromschool.答案：1.is2.is3.are4.was5.was6.has7.is8.were名詞專項基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)篇()1.Mydaughterhelpsmecook,butsheisn'toldenoughtobeleftaloneinthe___________.( )2.—Whenis_______?—It'sonthesecondSundayofMay. A.Mother'sDay B.Mothers'Day C.MotherDay()3.Ifyouworkharder,you'llhaveanother_______toplaythepianoataconcert.()4._______areflyingtoBeijing,Chinanextweekend. A.TheBrown C.TheBrowns()5.Mr.Blackisateacherof___________.Sheandherclassmateslikehimverymuch. A.mysister B.mysister's C.mysisters'()6.Weshouldkeepourchildren's______clean. B.tooths ( )7.Thebedroomistidyandnice.It's____________. A.LilyandLucy B.Lily'sandLucy's C.LilyandLucy's( )8.Harbinismy__________.WhereverIgo,I'llrememberitforever.( )9.—Howwellshesings!—Yes,shehasaverybeautiful.()10.Youhadbetterdomorningeveryday.It'sreallygoodforyoutotake___________everyday. A.exercises,exercises B.exercises,exercise C.exercise,exercises()11.Youdidbadlyinyourmathtest,Tom.Thereisno________forit.Youmustadmit(承認)youplayedgamestoomuch.()12.Thereis_________milkinthefridge.Youneedn'tbuyanyinthesupermarket. A.twobottleof B.toomuch C.severalbottlesof()13.Twelve________werehurt,butno___________werelostintheaccident. A.people,life B.peoples,lives C.people,lives()14.The________aregoingtoflytoHarbinfromDalian.()15.—Ihearyouhavetogetupearlyeverymorning.—Right.It'soneofthe____________ofmyfamily.()16.Tocutupcakeisa__________atabirthdayinmanycountries,. A.promise B.rule C.symbol()17.—What’syourdreamjobinthefuture,Jack?—1wanttobea__________toflyaplane. A.pilot B.postman C.businessman ()18.—Howtimeflies!Itisthree__________sincewemetlast.—Soitis.Imissyousomuch. A.months B.monthes ()19.—Whatagood__________you'vegivenme!Thanksalot.—Mypleasure. A.information B.suggestion C.advice()20.—Pleasehelpmemovethetablein.—Butthereisnotenough_______forit.; ? A.ground B.room C.floor()21.—Hurryup!Some__________areonsaletoday.—Really?Let'sgetsomenow. A.fishs B.vegetable C.tomatoes()22.—HaveyougotKathy's___________forhermusicconcert?—Yes,rdliketogoandenjoyit. A.invitation B.introduction C.invention()23.Thisismy___________dictionary.Youcanuseit. A.sisterMary B.sister'sMary C.sisterMary’s()24.Isawalotof___________eatinggrassonthefarm. B.cow ()25.—Ifeelreallytired.Whatabouthavingarest?—Goodidea.Let’stake_________break. A.tenminutes B.tenminutes’ C.atenminute’s()26.The___________forbeinglateisbadtraffic.Therearetoomanycarsontheroad. A.result B.reason C.cause()27.—Howfarisitfromheretothetrainstation?—Ifsabout_________busride. A.thirtyminute's B.thirtyminutes C.thirtyminutes’()28.—CanIhelpyou,madam?—Yes,please.I'dlike_______formytwindaughters. A.twopairsofshoes B.twoshoes C.twopairofshoes()29.Towrite__________position(作文)isnotaneasyjob. A.80word's B.a80word C.an80word()30.—WouldyouliketoreadtheEnglish__________pnthemedicinebottleforme?—Withpleasure. A.meanings B.instructions C.informations()31.MissSmithisafriendof_________.Sheisakindwoman. A.Mary'smother's B.Marymother's C.Mary'smother()32.Ifyouwanttodobetterinplayingthepiano,youneedmore______.()33.—Oh,myGod!Wehavemissedthelastbus.Whatshallwedo? —I'mafraidwehaveno_______buttotakeataxi. B.skill ()34.Therearealmost300_______inthishospital. A.womandoctors B.women'sdoctors C.womendoctors()35.Alongtheroadswecouldseemany________andfarmhouses. A.applestrees B.appletrees C.applestree()36.—Hello!MayIspeaktoTony? —Sorry,I'mafraidyouhavethewrong________.()37.—Whatacleanandtidyroom!—Yes.It's_________room. A.TinaandNina's B.Tina'sandNina C.Tina'sandNina's()38.—China'shighspeedrailway______isleadingtheworld. —That'sright.Itismovingfurtherintotheworld.()39.—Jenny,Ican'tsolvetheproblemsbymyself.WhatshouldIdo? —Maybeworkingingroupsisagod__________.()40.Nobodythoughtitiseasytofinishsomuchworkin________. A.twoday'stime B.twodaystime C.twodays'time( )41.Theidiom（成語）"Mengzi'smothermakesthreemoves”tellsofamotherwhodidallshecouldtoprovidethe best________forherchild.()42.IfyouwanttobeadoctorlikeZhongNanshan,hardworkisthekeyto________.()43.—Wecanalwaysfindsomethinggoodinabad_________ifwelookforit. —It'ssotrue.Let'smakefulluseofwhates.()44.ZhangGuimeistartedthefirstfreeseniorhighschoolforgirlstohelpthemgetan___________.()45.—Thankyouforthe__________yougaveme.—I'mgladthey'rehelpful.名詞專項中考鏈接提高篇()1.—I'mgoingtoAustralianextweek. —Theradiosaysthereisgoingtobe___________inAustralia.Don'forgettotakeyourwarmclothes. B.snowy ( )2.Chinesedoctorsknowmuchaboutplants'_.Somespecialplantscanheal（治愈）diseases.()3.Wewillhavea______holidayandwecandosomethinginterestingwhensummervacationes. B.45days' ()4.It'ssportstime.Most________studentsinClass3areplayingsoccerontheplaygroundnow. B.boy C.boys'()5.Myhometownis_______awayfromtheYellowRiver.It'soneoftheoldesttowns. B.35kilometers C.35kilometers'()6.—Iheardthatyouandyourfriendsrodeyourbicyclestothebeachyesterdayafternoon. —Itwastrue.Youdon’tknow_________wehad!whatafun B.howfun C.whatfun( )7._________betweenstudentsisverymoninChineseschools,andactuallyit'snotabadthing. B.Prediction C.petition( )8.Nowadayssome________madeinChinaarebothgoodandcheap,suchasHuaweiphones,Haierfridgesand Lenovoputers.( )9.Youshouldlookintohisorhereyeswhenyou'retalking.Itshowsyour_________.()10.The________ofthisactivityistoraisemoneyforanewhospital.()11.—What'syourpredictionaboutthe_________ofourschoolbasketballmatchnextweek？ —I'msureClass8willbethewinner.()12.As“themotherriverofChina”,theYellowRiveristhe_______ofthespiritofChinesepeople.()13.The__________inChinaismuchlargerthanthatinCanada, A.description B.population C.expression()14.—IsthisphototakeninTibet? —Yes,youcanseebeautifulsnowmountainsinthe__________ofthephoto. A.introduction B.background C.experience()15.Yourphotoalongwithyourbooks__________senttothenewspaperoffice. A.havebeen B.hasbeen C.are()16.—PmnotsurewhattowriteaboutTheSecretGardeninthereport. —Youshouldreadsome__________aboutthebookbeforewriting. A.reasons B.reviews C.records()17.—Dad,whatistheloudspeakersaying? —Itistothe__________.TheflighttoWuhanisboardingnow. A.customers B.tourists C.passengers()18.Thefollowing__________maybemuchharderforeveryone. A.threemonths B.three<months9time()19.The__________seemsveryimportanttous.We'lldiscussitlater. A.informations B.news C.advices()20.ThejourneytoEgyptisagreat__________formetoenjoythemagicplacesI’veknownfrombooks. A.chance B.advantage C.success()21.Wemustprovideenough__________forthekidsipschool.Theyarethefutureofthecountry. A.protection B.tradition C.imagination()22.Ifsabout__________walkfromtheForbiddenCity.Youcantakeabus. A.twohour's B.twohours' C.atwohours()23.Wemetsome__________intheoldtown.Theywerefromaforeignfactory. A.Frenchmans B.Canadians C.Japaneses()24.—Canchildrenimprovethe__________withtheirparents? —Sure,Ithinkso. A.relationship B.environment C.pronunciation()25.Anewstudyshowsa __________walkeverydayisenoughtokeepmostpeopleawayfrombeingfat. A.30minute B.30minutes’ C.30minutes’()26.Theyaredoingsome__________abouttheancientSilkRoadinChina. A.experiments B.research C.exercise()27.—eandseemein__________.—Withpleasure.That’swhatI’mexpecting. A.twoorthreedays B.twoorthreedaystimeC.twoorthreeday’stime()28.——HowdoyoulikethestoreonKingStreet? —Verygood.The_______workingthereareveryhelpfulandfriendly. A.manager ()29.—Excuseme,whichisthewaytothe_______? —Goalongthestreetandtakethesecondcrossingon