2021屆高考英語二輪復習專項解密14閱讀理解之推理判斷題（含解析）

解密14閱讀理解之推理判斷題

序號題型真題

Part1解密高考考點綜述備考建議

Part2對點解密考點精準說L..真題對點析L..對點模擬練1...

Part3強化集訓真題模測、典題模測

【考點綜述】

推理判斷題屬于主觀題，是層次較高的設題。它包括判斷和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是

為了得出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎

上，做出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內容可能是文中某一句

話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的

推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出

的答案：即對原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫(paraphrase)或綜合?常見的題干有：

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat…

2.Wecanconcludethat…

3.Whenthewritertalksabout...,whathereallymeansisthat-"

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

【備考建議】

從歷年的高考閱讀理解題分析來看，推理判斷題所占的比例大概在7%-10%,根據(jù)高考對閱讀理解之

推理判斷題的考察，在復習備考中，考生應該從以下五大題型注意復習：細節(jié)推斷題、因果推斷題、人物

性格、預測想象推理題和寫作意圖推測題。

Part21斜點建廨

【考點精準說】1-------細節(jié)推斷題

常見的設問方式：

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage/textthat.

Theauthormainlysuggeststhat________.

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystates

Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers?

細節(jié)判斷題屬于深層理解題，要求根據(jù)語篇內容，推斷具體細節(jié)。做此類題目關鍵是要正確把握文章

的內在關系，理解文章的真正含義，要忠實于原文，千萬不能主觀臆斷，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點

代替作者的觀點。

干擾項特點：

1.文章中直接用于表達細節(jié)的信息

2.文章中無關緊要或片面推出的結論

3.與文章內容完全相反的結論

4.不合常理或不合邏輯的結論等。

解題技巧

1.要全面分析所有相關信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結論。

2.要忠實原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。

3.注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應該立足由已知推斷未知。

【真題對點析】1

（2020?全國卷1,B）

Returningtoabookyou'vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There's

awelcomefamiliarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,

andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon,tchange,peopledo.AndthatJswhatmakestheact

ofrereadingsorichandtransformative.

Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresent

mentalregister.It'strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,

it'sallaboutthepresent.It'saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,because

readingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.

TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringis

ErnestHemningway,sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.

Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating（令人陶醉的），anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitious

yetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard'sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble（隨筆）about

everythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar,sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,because

poetry.AndbecauseCortazar.

WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightadd

tothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,

rereadinganauthor?sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksare

theonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it'syouthathastogrowandreadand

rereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.

24.Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?

A.Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.

B.It'sawindowtoawholenewworld.

C.It'sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.

D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.

25.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeas!?

A.It'sabriefaccountofatrip.

B.It'saboutHemingwayyslifeasayoungman.

C.It,sarecordofahistoricevent.

D.It,saboutHemingway?sfriendsinParis.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword°currency*'inparagraph4referto?

A.Debt

B.Reward.

C.Allowance.

D.Facevalue.

27.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.Helovespoetry.

B.He'saneditor.

C?He'sveryambitious.

D.Heteachesreading.

【答案】24.D25.B26.B27.A

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了重新閱讀的意義和益處并向讀者介紹了作者每年重讀的三本書。

作者鼓勵讀者去重新閱讀書籍。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句"Butbooksdon'tchange,peopledo.AndthatTswhatmakes

theactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.（但是書沒變，人變了。那就是使重新閱讀行為如此

豐富和富于變化之處）"和第二段"Thebeautyofrereadingliesinthatourbondwiththeworkis

basedonourpresentregister.Itistrue,theolderIget,themore1feeltimehaswings.（重

新閱讀的美妙之處在于我們與作品的聯(lián)系是基于我們現(xiàn)在的心理狀態(tài)。真的，我年紀越大，就越覺得時光

飛逝。）”可推知，作者喜歡重新閱讀是因為重新閱讀可以擴展對自己的理解。故選D項。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.99

及“anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime可知，這本書出版于1964年，

這是他關于20世紀20年代在巴黎的經(jīng)典回憶錄，是他老年時對那些野心勃勃卻更簡單的日子的回顧。由

此可判斷出AMovableFeast是關于海明威年輕時的生活。故選B項。

26.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中"whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,（雖然金錢確實是

美妙而必要的）”可知，前后句為轉折關系，根據(jù)上下文的語境可推知，urereadinganauthorJsworkis

thehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.”意為“但是但重新閱讀作品是讀者能支付給他們的最高

回報”，由此判斷出劃線詞的意思是“回報”。故選B項。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段uThethirdbookisJulioCortdzarfsSaveTwilight:selectedpoems,

becausepoelry.（第三本書是胡里奧?科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城：詩歌精選》，因為詩歌）”可知，作者是

由于喜歡詩歌而喜歡這本書。故選A項。

【對點模擬練】1

ThebusscreamedtoastopinNazareth,Israel.FiveAustralianbackpackersboardedandstruck

upaconversationwithme.Theyaskedtypicaltravelers'questions—wherewasIgoingandwhy

wasItravelingalone?Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend,Iexplained,butwhen

Icalledherthatmorning,shedidn'tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.Mystomach

wasinknots,butIdecidedtoheadoutanyway,thinkingImightrunintoherifItraveledto

Tiberius,wherewehadplannedtogotogether.

“Whydon,tyoutravelwithus?”oneofthebackpackersoffered.Theywereexperienced

adventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths,save,thentravelforaslongastheycould.Their

currentplanwastoexploretheMiddleEastandEuropeinthreemonthswhileworkinginLondon.

Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers,butmyinstinctsaidyes.Forthenexttwoweeks,

IexploredIsraelwiththebackpackersandlearnedtotrustmyinstinctsinalltypesofnewand

interestingsituations.Whentheyhookaride,Itookthebus,butwhentheywantedtostealinto

theKingDavidHotel'sswimmingpool,Iledtheway.TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchose

totravelalone.Ijoinedcompletestrangers,whobecomeclosefriends.Yearslater,onecouple

fromthebackpackinggroupevenflewfromSydneytoPhoenixtobeinmywedding.Thetripwas

suchaspecialexperiencethatitgavemeconfidenceinallareasofmylife.Sincethen,I've

backpackedaloneacrossSouthAfrica,sky-divedfrom12,000feetinNewZealandandevenmoved

acrosstheU.S.withnojoblinedup.

OnmythirddaywanderinginIsraelwithmynewfriends,IbumpedintothewomanIwassupposed

tomeet.ThoughIwashappyshewasallright,Iwasgratefulshehadn,tpickedupthephone.

1.By“Mystomachwasinknots”(inparagraph1),theauthormostlikelymeansthatshewas

A.sickofridingonabumpybusB.nervousofmeetingstrangers

C.upsetaboutthesuddenchange1).sorryabouttheimpracticalplan

2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebackpackerstheauthormet?

A.Courageousbutdisrespectful.B.Joblessandpoorlyeducated.

C.Warmheartedandtrustworthy.D.Homelessbutlighthearted.

3.Theauthor'ssixthsensetoldherthat______.

A.shewouldgetalongwiththebackpackers

B.itmightcausetroubletohaveaswim

C.sheoughttostayawayfromthebackpackers

D.itcouldaddexcitementtogetafreeride

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Mostofthebackpackersbecametheauthor'slifelongfriends.

B.Theauthorgatheredthecouragetobeafulltimebackpacktraveler.

C.Thewomanmissedthephonecallwiththepurposeoftravelingalone.

D.Theauthorconsidereditthebestdecisionofherlifetotravelonherown.

【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者原本與朋友約好去旅游，卻被放了鴿子，她決定一個人去。途中

她遇見了五個背包客，這些背包客邀請她一起去旅游，她和這些人一起經(jīng)歷了美好的幾天，并和他們成了

好朋友。

1.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)前文"Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend,Iexplained,

butwhenIcalledherthatmorning,shedidn,tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreach

her.”可知作者被朋友放鴿子了，被放鴿子肯定是失望的，C項（因為突然的變化而感到沮喪的）最

符合作者此時的心情，所以選C。

2.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“"Whydon'tyoutravelwithus?Moneofthebackpackersoffered^

可知這些背包客邀請作者一起旅游，說明他們很熱心；根據(jù)"Theywereexperiencedadventurers

whowouldworkforafewmonths,save,thentravelforaslongastheycould”可知這些

背包客旅游經(jīng)驗很豐富，所以是值得信任的，綜合選C。

3.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers,butmyinstinctsaid

yes.”可知這些背包客邀請作者一起旅游時，她的本能(instinct)也就是第六感說了“好”，也

就是說她的第六感讓她相信她能和這些背包客相處的很好，才會答應他們的邀請，故選A。

4.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)"TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone."可

知作者覺得自己選擇一個人旅游讓自己看到了更大的世界，再結合最后一句"ThoughIwashappy

shewasallright,Iwasgratefulshehadn,tpickedupthephone.可知作者慶幸她的朋

友沒有接她的電話。由此可以判斷作者認為自己選擇一個人去旅行是一個很好的決定，故選D。

【考點精準說】2—^預測推斷題

常見的設問方式：

Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhen/if…？

Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite______.

Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybeabout_______.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostlikelytobetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?

有些內容文章中沒有明確說明，這就要求考生根據(jù)語篇內容，對事件可能的結局或下一段可能涉及的

內容等進行預測、推斷。作這類題時考生應準確把握作者的寫作思路，從而作出比較準確的、合情合理的

猜測。

解題技巧

廠做這類題時應把握作者的寫作思路(如

—文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也

可能按因果關系、對比關系來敘述)，

從而做出比較科學的、合情合理的預

【真題對1點析】2——

（2018.新課標全國卷n,B）

ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsarein

abundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsformBritishColumbia"sfieldsarelittlepowerhouses

ofnutritionalprotection.

Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,

raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白質），ironandzinc（notthatfruitshavemuch

protein）.Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants（抗氧化物質）.Theyellowandorange

stonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichare

antioxidants.Asforcherries（櫻桃），theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerich

invitaminC.

Ifyouhavea.juicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.

Outcomesa“soft-serve“creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityfor

achildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachine

andwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.

24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?

A.Theycontainprotein.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.

C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.I）.Theyarerichinantioxidants.

25.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?

A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.B.Tokeeptheircolour.

C.Tospeeduptheirripening.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.

26.Whatis“ajuicer“inthelastparagraph?

A.Adessert.B.Adrink.

C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.

27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.

C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇日常生活類說明文。文中講述r人們熱愛水果豐盛的7月，這時候各種水果

營養(yǎng)豐富且含有對人體有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我們可以利用它做一些孩子喜歡的甜點或冰淇淋。

24.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干問的是，作者喜歡櫻桃什么。根據(jù)第二段中Asforcherries（櫻桃），they

aresodeliciouswhocares?（至于櫻桃，因為它們很好吃誰在乎呢？）可知，作者在乎的是它的

美味。故選C。

25.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Ifyoulike：asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillprevent

themtummgbrown.可知，往香蕉上滴新鮮的檸檬汁是為了防止香蕉變成褐色，故新鮮的檸檬汁是被

用來保持香蕉的顏色的。故選B。

26.D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothe

topofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow可知，孩子們喜歡把-一些水果

和冷凍的香蕉放入到這臺機器的上部，然后看到冰激凌從卜面出來。故可以推出ajuicer就是一臺

機器。故選D。

27.B【解析】文章出處題。文章首先指出七月是水果盛產(chǎn)的季節(jié)，并指出各種水果富含的營養(yǎng)，最后一

段指出我們可以用ajuicer為孩子們做一些甜點和冰激凌，故最可能是從健康雜志上摘取的文章。A項意

為：生物教科書；B項意為：一本健康雜志；C項意為：一篇研究論文；D項意為：一本旅游手冊。故選B。

【對點模擬練】2

In1971wewerelivinginWichita,Kansas-Lincolnwasaboutseven,BrendanwasthreeandKristen

wasababy.Momwasstayingwithusduringtheholidays.OnChristmasEveIstayedupverylate.

Iwastotallyalonewithmythoughts,alternatingbetweenjoyandsorrow,andIgottothinkabout

mypaperroute（送報），thattree,whatmymotherhadsaidtomeandhowdadhadtriedtomakethings

better.

IheardanoiseinthekitchenanddiscoveredthatitwasMom.Shecouldn,tsleepeither

andhadgottenuptomakeherselfacupofhotteawhichmadeherfeelbetter.Asshewaitedfor

thewatertoboil,shewalkedintothelivingroomanddiscoveredmethere.ShesawmyopenBible

andaskedmewhatIwasreading.WhenItoldher,sheaskedifIwouldreadittoherandIdid.

Whenthekettlebegantowhistle,shewentandmadehertea.Shecameback.Itoldherhow

happyIwasthatshewaswithusforChristmasandhowIwishedthatDadcouldhavelivedtosee

hisgrandchildrenandtoenjoythistimebecausehealwayslovedChristmassomuch.Shewentvery

quietforamomentandthenshesaid,“DoyourememberthattimeonTwelveMileRoadwhenyoubought

thattreewithyourpaperroutemoney?”

〃Yes,〃Isaid,〃I'vejustbeenthinkingaboutityouknow.”

Shehesitatedforalongmoment,asthoughsomethingwasbottledupsodeeplyinsidehersoul

thatitmighttakecouragetogetitout.Finally,greattearsrolleddownherfaceandshecried,z，0h,

son,pleaseforgiveme.ThattimeandthatChristmashavebeenaburdenonmyheartfortwenty-five

years.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcouldtellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid.〃

Whatislikelytobedescribedinthenextparagraph?

A.HowtheywouldcelebratetheChristmas.

B.Howtheauthor,sfathersupportedthefamily.

C.Whathappenedtotheauthor?sparentsinthepast.

D.Thereasonfortheauthor?sparents'divorce.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。我和三個孩子以及我的母親居住在一起。圣誕前夜，我熬夜未睡，意

外發(fā)現(xiàn)母親也未入睡,當我們回憶往事時,她失聲痛哭。

【答案】C

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段母親所說的話〃ThattimeandthatChristmashavebeenaburden

onmyheartfortwenty-fiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcouldtellhimhowsorryIam

forwhat【said〃可推知，母親想起了以前圣誕節(jié)的事,對自己所做的事感到難過;據(jù)此可以判斷，下文將敘

述發(fā)生在作者父母身上的故事,故C項正確。

【考點精準說】3--?文章來源或讀者對象題

常見的設問方式：

Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin________.

Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof_________.

Whereisthepassagemostlikelyfrom?

文章來源或讀者對象推斷題要求考生具備一定的常識。因此考生本身要對報紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡、科普知

識、小說、童話、廣告、教材、說明書、旅游指南、操作指南等有基本的了解，這樣才能在做題時根據(jù)文

章的特點選出答案。

【真題對點析】3

（2019?全國卷I,C）

Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric（生

物測量）technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,

thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.

ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（裝置）that

getsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（節(jié)

W）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldoffera

stronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetween

keypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople1s

identities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnected

to-regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.

Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen,talreadyfamiliarwith.

Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.

Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword

“touch“fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedto

recognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.The

researcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostly

madeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.

31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary.B.AguidebookC.Anovel.D.Amagazine.

【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。數(shù)據(jù)和身份盜竊變得越來越普遍，目前，向指紋掃描等這些技術仍然

是昂貴的。本文介紹了一種新的科技一一智能鍵盤，它能給e-space用戶帶來安全，而且這項技術也不貴。

31.D【解析】推理判斷題。本文介紹了一種新的科技一一智能鍵盤，它能給e-space用戶帶來安全，由此

可知，本文是關于科技，結合所給選項可知，本文可能來自于一本雜志。故選D。

【對點模擬練】3

When6-year-oIdTarrynHenkelmanwalkedthroughagiantblueboxfilledwithtoys,sheknew

exactlywhatshewanted.WhensheandherparentswalkedoutoftheGoodwillonPavilionLane,

sheheldafold-upblueminibiketightlytoherchest.Heroldminibikerecentlybroke,andshe

wantedtomovearoundherneighborhoodontwowheelsonceagain.

Shehadn,twalkedintothestoreexpectingapresent,butassheandherfamilywalkedpast

thecountertheygotaholidaysurprisewhenToddWakefield,Goodwill*sSeniorDirectorofRetail,

deliveredsomegoodnews.〃A11kidstoday,alldaylong,youcangetonefreetoy,orfreekids'

book,“hesaid,announcingaspecialtreatmadepossiblebyananonymous（匿名的）donor.

Nearlyadecadeago,oneFortCollinsmancutacheckcoveringthecostofeverytoyinthe

storeandrepeatediteveryyear,sothatanychildwhowalksthroughthefrontdoorcanpick

outsomethingtotakehomeforfree.

Hesaidhedidnotneedrecognitionforhisactofkindness,butsaidthatthisdayhadbecome

animportantpartofhisfamily'sChristmastradition.Askidscrowdedaroundplasticboxes

overflowingwithtoys,heandhiswifequietlytookinthescenebeforeslippingoutthefront

door,unnoticed.Storestaffmemberssetasideextratoysinthedayleadinguptothesurprise

giveawaytomakesurethatnochildleftempty-handedonSaturday.

WakefieldwasthestoremanagerattheFortCollinsGoodwillthefirstyeartheanonymous

donorwalkedthroughthefrontdoorandaskedtobuyupthetoysection.EventhoughWakefield

hassincetakenajobatGoodwill,scorporateoffice,hemadeapointofcomingtothisyearly

event.〃We'vegotsomeamazingpeoplethroughoutourcommunity,//hesaid."Thisiswhatour

businessrunson,peoplewillingtogiveandhelptheircommunity.”

1.WhydidTarrynHenkelmanwantaminibike?

A.Tolearntorideit.B.Tosurpriseherneighbors.

C.Toshowitoffbeforeherfamily.D.Tobikearoundhercommunity.

2.WhatwasaholidaysurpriseforTarrynHenkelman?

A.Adonorgavemoneytoher.

B.Astrangertreatedhertoapresent.

C.Thestoredonatedatoytoher.

I）.Herparentsboughtaminibikeforher.

3.WhichwordscandescribetheFortCollinsman?

A.Considerateandsmart.B.Helpfulandoptimistic.

C.Generousandkind-hearted.D.Sympatheticandeasy-going.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一位匿名的捐贈者把Goodwill商店玩具區(qū)里的所有物品購買

卜來，然后作為禮物贈送給孩子們的故事，展現(xiàn)了捐贈者慷慨善良的高尚品質，弘揚了社會正能量。

1.D【解析】考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的最后一句"Heroldminibikerecentlybroke,andshewanted

tomovearoundherneighborhoodontwowheelsonceagain”可知，她原來的車壞了，所以她

想得到一輛新車，然后再繞著她居住的社區(qū)騎行。故選D。

2.B【解析】考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的最后一句“'Allkidstoday,alldaylong,youcanget

onefreetoy,orfreekids'book,'hesaid,announcingaspecialtreatmadepossible

byananonymous（匿名的）donor”及最后一段中的"askedtobuyupthetoysection”可知，一

位匿名的捐贈者買下了Goodwill商店玩具區(qū)里的所有物品，并將其中的玩具和兒童讀物免費贈送

給來到店里的孩子們，故TarrynBenkelman的節(jié)II驚喜是得到了捐贈者送的禮物，故選B。

3.C【解析】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"oneEortCollinsmancutacheckcoveringthecost

ofeverytoyinthestore...forfree”可知，這個匿名的捐贈者開出了支票來購買Goodwill

商店玩具區(qū)里的所有物品，以讓每一個來到商店的孩子都能夠免費得到一個禮物，故可推知這個

匿名的捐贈者是慷慨的、善良的。

【考點精準說】4------寫作意圖推測題

常見的設問方式：

Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?

Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_______.

Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________.

Thefact…ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________.

Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto.

寫作意圖推斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測作者的寫作意圖及作者運用某種寫作手法的目的。作

者一般不直接表明自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點。這種題

型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同時還要具備對作者闡述問題的方法進行分析和歸納總結的能力。一

般來說，我們可以通過分析文章的文體特點，理解作者的詞句選擇和識別文章的語氣來推斷出作者的寫作

意圖。

【真題對點析】4

（2019?北京卷?D）

Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld，soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthanks

toawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.

Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.

Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatterns

attheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentration

ofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducing

itinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean*sappearance.

Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intothe

oceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,

animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerable

totheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffect

phytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalso

nutrients.

StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimate

modelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby

3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojects

thatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,

suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andthese

areaswillturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging."she

said,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”

42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.

B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.

C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.

D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.

43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Sensitive.B.BeneficialC.SignificantD.Unnoticeable

44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.

B.Dutkiewicz，smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges

C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate

D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges

B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain

C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans

D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton

【語篇解讀】本文為說明文。一項最新研究表明，由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會變得更藍、更綠。這

一現(xiàn)象是因為一種叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因為光線反射的作用，它們在海洋表面形成「五顏六

色的圖案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋變曖趨勢的影響。氣候變暖會改變海洋的主要特征，并影響浮游

植物的生長。

42.B【解析】段落大意題。第一段"Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceans

willbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.“可知，

到本世紀末，一項新的研究表明，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會變得更藍、

更綠。結合第二段“Attheheartphenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganismscalled

phytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplankton

createcolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,

dependingonthetypeandconcentration”可知,這種現(xiàn)象的核心是一種叫做浮游植物的微小海

洋微生物，在光線的作用下在海洋表面形成了五