非謂語動(dòng)詞1：不定式的句法功能課件-2024屆高三英語一輪專題

非謂語動(dòng)詞1：不定式(todo)的句法功能bylily塔三2023高中英語語法Ineedsomebody_________我需要有人治愈Somebody_________有人傾訴Somebody___________有人陪伴Somebody________有人相擁It'seasy_________這知之非難Butit'sneverthesame卻行之不易tohealtoknowtohavetoholdtosay動(dòng)詞不定式的基本語法功能有哪些？動(dòng)詞不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.

Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwater

aftertheoperation.

主語

賓語表語

定語

狀語

賓補(bǔ)作主語Togiveupsmokingisright..放棄吸煙是對的。ItisrighttogiveupsmokingIttakesmeanhourtogotoschoolbybikeeveryday.

每天，騎自行車去上學(xué)花費(fèi)我一個(gè)小時(shí)。Togotoschoolbybiketakesmeanhoureveryday.作賓語Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.1.Fred沒有錢，所以他決定(decideto)找一份工作。2.當(dāng)句子中有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，it作形式賓語，todo不定式作真正的賓語Ithinkithardtoanswerthequestioninonego.我發(fā)現(xiàn)一下子回答出這個(gè)問題很難。作表語MyjobistoteachEnglish.Toseeistobelieve.1.我的工作是教英語。2.眼見為實(shí)。作定語

1.Betty是第一個(gè)知道這真相的人

Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth2.當(dāng)被修飾詞是序數(shù)詞或最高級或者被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時(shí)，非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語需要用不定式形式Heisalwaysthefirststudenttocometotheclassroom.他總是第一個(gè)到教室的學(xué)生。Hewasthebestman

todothejob.他是做這個(gè)工作最好的人選。3.當(dāng)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語需要用不定式形式Ihaveachancetostudyabroad.我有一個(gè)出國留學(xué)的機(jī)會。作定語作狀語1）作目的狀語Tosucceed,youshouldtryyoubest.為了成功，你必須盡全力。Inordertopasstheexam,hehasbeenpreparedfortwoweeks.為了通過這次考試，他已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備了兩周。作狀語2）做結(jié)果狀語Hewokeuponlytofindthathewasaloneinthehouse.他醒來后發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個(gè)屋子里竟然只有他一個(gè)人onlytodo...：竟然......，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。Hegotupsoearlyastocatchthefirstbus.他起的如此早，以致于趕上了第一趟公交車。Sheissucharesponsibledoctorastoearnallthepatients'respect.她是如此負(fù)責(zé)任的醫(yī)生以致于贏得了所有病人的尊敬。so/such...astodo...：如此......以致于......Thisboxistooheavytoraiseup.這個(gè)箱子太沉了以致于抬不起來。too...todo...：如此......以致于......，此句型中的todo表示否定含義作狀語3）做原因狀語Weallaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress.看到他取得如此快速的進(jìn)步，我們都很驚奇。Iamnicetomeetyou.見到你，我很高興。作賓補(bǔ)Heoftenreminds

me

tokeepearlyhours.他經(jīng)常提醒我早睡早起。Wearewaitingfor

James

toarrive.我們等著詹姆斯到來。PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.請?jiān)试S我給你們介紹Mr.White本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主、表、賓、補(bǔ)、定和狀。樣樣成分都能行，只有謂語它不做。

有時(shí)它把句型改，作主賓用“it”,置后把身藏。。SUMMARY不定式語法功能口訣A.有些動(dòng)詞后面的不定式不帶to，如feel（一感）hear,listento（二聽）make,have,let（三讓）

see,watch,notice,observe（四看）.但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)to要還原Iheardthemsingapopsong.Theteachermademeanswerthequestion.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.七個(gè)感官三使役，賓補(bǔ)要把to甩開

不定式的特殊用法動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)1.Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.2.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.㈠.

一般式(todo).不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。㈡.進(jìn)行式(tobedoing)1.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.2.Heissaidtobecoming.謂語表示的動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)㈢.完成式（tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.謂語表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不定式之后。動(dòng)詞不定式的語態(tài)㈠.主動(dòng)式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone)WewanttolearnEnglishwell.22.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomake當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí).動(dòng)詞不定式的語態(tài)㈡.被動(dòng)式(tobedone/tohavebeendone)Hedidn’tliketobelaughedat.24.Heclaimed____inthesuppermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadly

D.tohavebeenbadlytreated.當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí).2023新高考全國Ⅰ卷Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether____37____(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出)...【答案】tobite【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：吃小籠包的時(shí)候，你必須要決定是先咬一個(gè)小口流出湯汁，還是把整個(gè)小籠包放進(jìn)嘴里，讓熱湯在舌頭上爆炸。decidetodosth.“決定做某事”，用不定式作賓語，空處與后面toput并列作賓語，故填tobite。2023新高考全國Ⅰ卷Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem____41____(lift)outofthesteamerbasket...【答案】tobelifted【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：除了南翔，最好的小籠包有一個(gè)精致的，可以讓它們從蒸籠籃中拿出來，而不會撕裂或溢出里面的東西。根據(jù)搭配allowsb.todosth.“允許某人做某事”可知，空格需用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)足語liftout與賓語them（指代小籠包）是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，空格需填動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式tobelifted。故填tobelifted。2023年2月四省聯(lián)考Oneagency,____37____(base)inWoodbridge,isexpected____38____(receive)$1.5million.【答案】37.based【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：一家機(jī)構(gòu)，總部在Woodbridge，預(yù)計(jì)將獲得150萬美元。分析句子可知，“(base)inWoodbridge”作定語，base與Oneagency是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞，故填based?！敬鸢浮?8.toreceive【解析】考查不定式。句意同上。beexpectedtodosth.“被預(yù)計(jì)……”，用不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語，故填toreceive。Anagreement

tomorrowwilldogoodtoeveryoneofus.A.tobesignedB.beingsignedC.signedTheplan

forthetripbyourteachernextweekisveryimportant.A.madeB.tobemadeC.beingmade動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式只須在to前加not.Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.Inorder____,hehidhimselfinacave.A.nottofindB.tobenotfoundC.nottobefoundD.tonotfindTheteachertoldthem_____makesomuchnoise.

A.don“t

B.not

C.willnot

D.notto不定式的疑問：在動(dòng)詞不定式to前加疑問詞，

句法功能相當(dāng)于todoMr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon"tknow_____A.wheretochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhatD.tochoosewhich"Haveyoudecidedwhen_____?“"Yes,tomorrowmorning."

A.toleaveB.tobeleaving

C.willyouleaveD.areyouleaving

真題解析(2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷)Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup___39___(see)them.【答案】tosee考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：過了一會兒，艾瑞克聽到孩子們在外面玩耍的聲音，醒了過來。他把一把椅子推到陽臺上，爬上去看他們。句中的climbup為謂語動(dòng)詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意，他要爬到陽臺去看他們（外面玩鬧的孩子們。），故應(yīng)該使用todo不定式作目的狀語。故填tosee。真題:(2020課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ,66)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4

(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.【答案】tofind

(2020課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ,68)Theyareeasy

(care)forandmakegreatpresents.【答案】tocare

(2020課標(biāo)全國Ⅲ,67)Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout

(find)t