國際關(guān)系學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2011年國際關(guān)系學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語

考研真題及詳解

2012年國際關(guān)系學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語

考研真題及詳解

2013年國際關(guān)系學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語

考研真題及詳解

2014年國際關(guān)系學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語

考研真題及詳解

2016年國際關(guān)系學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語

（A卷）考研真題及詳解

2011年國際關(guān)系學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

一、詞語解釋題（每題1.5分，總共15分）

Directions:Explainthefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyin

yourownwords(inEnglishonly,please).

1．NGO

【答案】NGOistheabbreviationofNon-GovernmentalOrganization.Itis

anorganizationthatisnotpartofthelocalorstateorfederalgovernment.

【解析】NGO是“Non-GovernmentalOrganization”的縮寫，意思是“非政

府組織”，即除政府之外的其他社會(huì)公共組織。

2．vegetableman

【答案】Vegetablemanareunabletomove,think,orspeak,andtheir

conditionisnotlikelytoimprove.

【解析】植物人指大腦已經(jīng)完全或大半失去功能，亦即已經(jīng)失去意識(shí)，

但尚存活的人。雖然植物人仍舊有心跳，且通常猶有反射動(dòng)作（意即其

腦干依舊存活且能發(fā)揮功能），但是植物人的生命延續(xù)通常必需他人的

照護(hù)，進(jìn)食等行為都得由他人協(xié)助才能完成。

3．plasticart

【答案】Plasticartsareartformswhichinvolvephysicalmanipulationofa

plasticmediumbymouldingormodelingsuchassculptureorceramics.The

termhasalsobeenappliedmorebroadlytoallthevisualarts(suchas

painting,sculpture,filmandphotography).

【解析】造型藝術(shù)是藝術(shù)形態(tài)之一。指以一定物質(zhì)材料（如繪畫用顏

料、紙、木板等，雕塑、工藝用木、石、金屬等，建筑用多種建筑材料

等）和手段創(chuàng)造的可視靜態(tài)空間形象的藝術(shù)。

4．a(chǎn)Casanova

【答案】ACasanovaisanymannotedforhisamorousadventures.

【解析】“Casanova”指的是卡薩諾瓦式人物（意大利浪蕩公子），即花

花公子。

5．CertifiedPublicAccountant

【答案】ACertifiedPublicAccountantissomeonewhohasreceiveda

certificatestatingthatheorsheisqualifiedtoworkasanaccountantwithina

particularstate.

【解析】注冊會(huì)計(jì)師，是指取得注冊會(huì)計(jì)師證書并在會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所執(zhí)業(yè)

的人員，英文全稱“CertifiedPublicAccountant”，簡稱為CPA。

6．tomortgageahouse

【答案】Ifyoumortgageahouse,youuseitasaguaranteetoacompanyin

ordertoborrowmoneyfromthem.

【解析】“mortgageahouse”指的是將房屋抵押給銀行，以此獲得貸款。

7．Linux

【答案】Linuxisafreeandopen-sourceversionoftheUNIXoperating

system.

【解析】Linux操作系統(tǒng)是基于UNIX操作系統(tǒng)發(fā)展而來的一種克隆系

統(tǒng)，可免費(fèi)使用和自由傳播。

8．a(chǎn)nAppleofDiscord

【答案】AnAppleofDiscordisusedtosignifythecoreofanargument,or

asmallmatterthatcouldleadtoabiggerdispute.

【解析】“anAppleofDiscord”直譯為“糾紛的蘋果”，出自荷馬史詩Iliad

中的希臘神話故事，引申為爭斗的來源。傳說厄里斯（Eris）沒有收到

宙斯的邀請(qǐng)而十分生氣，她在筵席上放了一個(gè)金蘋果，上面鐫刻著“屬

于最美者”幾個(gè)字。天后赫拉（Hera），智慧女神雅典娜（Athena）、

愛與美之神阿芙羅狄蒂（Aphrodite），都自以為最美，應(yīng)得金蘋果，獲

得“最美者”稱號(hào)。三人的爭執(zhí)引發(fā)了一系列災(zāi)難，也導(dǎo)致了特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭

的爆發(fā)。

9．decimalnumbers

【答案】Thedecimalsystemisa10-baseddigitalsystem.

【解析】“decimalsystem”為十進(jìn)制，是以10為基礎(chǔ)的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)。

10．BigBrother

【答案】BigBrotherreferstoaperson,government,ororganizationwhich

hascompletecontroloverpeopleandisalwayscheckingwhattheydo.

【解析】“老大哥”指的是一個(gè)完全監(jiān)視與控制著人們的人、政府或組

織。

二、詞匯語法題（每題0.5分，總共l0分）

Directions:Foreachquestioninthissection.pleaseselectthebestanswer

fromamongthechoicesgiven.

1．Thestereotypicalimageofmasculinityassumesthatweepingis_______

“unmanly”behavior,andnotsimplyahumanreactionwhichmaybe

_______byeithersex.

A.inexplicably….repented

B.excessively….discerned

C.essentially….defined

D.inherently….adopted

E.intentionally….exaggerated

【答案】D

【解析】句意：男子氣概的刻板印象人為哭泣是一種本質(zhì)上“不男人”的

行為，而不僅僅是一種無論何種性別都可以采用的人類反

應(yīng)?！癷nexplicably”說不清的。“repent”悔悟。

2．Therearetoomany_______andnotenoughseriousworkers.

A.sycophants

B.kleptomaniacs

C.novices

D.dilettantes

E.zealots

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，空白處應(yīng)該與“seriousworkers”意思相

反?！癲ilettante”業(yè)余愛好者?！皊ycophant”諂媚者。“kleptomaniac”有竊盜

癖的人。“novice”初學(xué)者?！皕ealot”狂熱者。

3．Ifyoucometotheconferencetablewithsuchan_______attitude,we

cannotexpecttoreachanyharmoniousagreement.

A.exemplary

B.iridescent

C.indolent

D.obdurate

E.unwonted

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)后半句“harmonious”可知，空格處應(yīng)該是一個(gè)貶義詞，而

且意思與之相反?！皁bdurate”頑固的?！癳xemplary”典范

的?！癷ridescent”彩虹色的?！癷ndolent”懶惰的?！皍nwonted”不習(xí)慣的。

4．Thegoodnight'ssleephad_______effectonthewearyclimber,who

wokerefreshedandeagertoresumetheascent.

A.aninnocuous

B.atonic

C.aminor

D.anenervating

E.adetrimental

【答案】B

【解析】“tonic”滋補(bǔ)的；使精神振作的?！癷nnocuous”無害

的?！癳nervating”使人衰弱的?！癲etrimental”不利的。

5．Sheisaninteresting_______,aninfinitelyshypersonwho,inapparent

contradiction,possessesanenormouslyintuitive_______forunderstanding

people.

A.aberrationdisdain

B.caricaturetalent

C.specimenloathing

D.phenomenondisinclination

E.paradoxgift

【答案】E

【解析】句意：她是個(gè)有趣的矛盾體，一個(gè)十分害羞的人卻有一種能夠

憑直覺理解他人的強(qiáng)大天賦?！癶aveagift/talentfor”對(duì)……有天

賦?！癮berration”失常?！癱aricature”諷刺畫?！皊pecimen”樣

品?！癲isdain”蔑視。

6．Althoughitspublicityhasbeen_______,thefilmitselfisintelligent,

well-acted,handsomelyproduced,andaltogether_______.

A.tastelessrespectable

B.extensivemoderate

C.sophisticatedamateur

D.risquécrude

E.perfectspectacular

【答案】A

【解析】第一個(gè)空格處應(yīng)該與“intelligent,well-acted,handsomely”意思相

反，而第二個(gè)空格處應(yīng)與這幾個(gè)詞意思相近，因此A項(xiàng)符合題意。

7．Conservativehistorianswhorepresentatraditionalaccountedas_______

becauseofitsagemaybeguiltyoftakingontrustwhattheyshouldhave

_______inaconscientiousfashion.

A.ancientestablished

B.falsereiterated

C.mythicalfabricated

D.accurateexamined

E.suspiciouschallenged

【答案】D

【解析】句意：那些僅僅因?yàn)槠淠甏眠h(yuǎn),而將歷史傳說描述成可靠準(zhǔn)

確的保守歷史學(xué)家應(yīng)該為他們的這種做法感到羞愧，他們本應(yīng)該采取認(rèn)

真謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度來探究它們。“reiterate”重申。根據(jù)“guilty”和“should

have”可知，這些科學(xué)家們原本應(yīng)該仔細(xì)檢查，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

8．Maggieisaprocrastinator,naturallyinclinedto_______andto_______

discussions.

A.meddlescoffat

B.long

C.misbehavedisrupt

D.sneerterminate

E.withdraw….intrudein

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)and可知，兩個(gè)單詞應(yīng)該意思相近?！癿eddle”管閑

事?！皊coffat”嘲笑?！皌emporize”拖延。“procrastinator”拖延者。B項(xiàng)兩個(gè)

單詞都有“延長”的意思，因此B項(xiàng)正確。

9．Opponentsoftheresearchinstitutelabelit_______anachronism;its

scholars,theyallege,have______rivalingthoseofpre-RevolutionaryFrench

nobility.

A.anelitist….perquisites

B.amonarchical….tribulations

C.anirreproachable….luxuries

D.areprehensible….afflictions

E.acommendable….privileges

【答案】A

【解析】句意：這所研究所的對(duì)手給它貼上了精英的錯(cuò)誤時(shí)代標(biāo)簽,他

們宣稱,這家研究所的學(xué)者領(lǐng)取的額外津貼相當(dāng)于那些革命前的法國貴

族?！癮nachronism”時(shí)代錯(cuò)誤?！皃erquisite”額外補(bǔ)貼?！癷rreproachable”無

可指責(zé)的?！皉eprehensible”應(yīng)斥責(zé)的?！癱ommendable”值得贊美的。根據(jù)

句意可知，這所研究所的對(duì)手在諷刺其額外津貼太多。

10．SinceestablishingtheChildren'sDefenseFundin1973,MarianWright

Edelmanhasbeenan_____advocate,steadfastandconstant.

A.unwitting

B.unswerving

C.inhibiting

D.elusive

E.antagonistic

【答案】B

【解析】空白處單詞應(yīng)該與“steadfastandconstant”意思相近，因此B

項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)定不移的”符合題意?！皍nwitting”不知情的?！皍nswerving”堅(jiān)定

的?！癷nhibiting”約束的。“elusive”易忘的。“antagonistic”敵對(duì)的。

11．Thebeardeddragonlizardisavoraciouseater,so_______thatitwill

consumeasmanyinsectsaspossible.

A.abstemious

B.cannibalistic

C.slovenly

D.insatiable

E.unpalatable

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，空白處單詞應(yīng)與“voracious”意思相近，因此D

項(xiàng)正確。“voracious”貪吃的。“insatiable”貪得無厭的。“abstemious”節(jié)約

的。“cannibalistic”同類相食的。“slovenly”懶散的?！皍npalatable”味道差

的。

12．Asonewouldexpect,thereclusivepoet_______publicappearances

andinvasionsofprivacy.

A.rewarded

B.endorsed

C.neglected

D.invited

E.detested

【答案】E

【解析】句意：正如人們所期望的那樣，隱居詩人十分厭惡公開露面和

被侵犯隱私?！皉eclusive”隱居的?！癳ndorse”認(rèn)可?？崭裉幈硎尽半[居詩

人”對(duì)“公眾場合的亮相和個(gè)人隱私被侵犯”做的動(dòng)作，因此E項(xiàng)正確。

13．Onlyrecentlycreated,thisorchidisa_______,aplantproducedby

deliberatelycrossbreedingtwodifferentvarietiesofflowers.

A.misnomer

B.hybrid

C.vector

D.curative

E.precursor

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)“crossbreeding”可知，這種蘭花是雜交所得，因此B項(xiàng)正

確?！癶ybrid”雜種?！癿isnomer”用詞不當(dāng)?！皏ector”矢量?！癱urative”藥

品?！皃recursor”先驅(qū)。

14．Physicalexerciseoftenhasa_______effect,releasingemotional

tensionandrefreshingthespirit.

A.pejorative

B.debilitating

C.cathartic

D.retentive

E.tenacious

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)后面“釋放情感壓力”與“使人精神振奮”，空格處單詞應(yīng)該

是有宣泄意思的形容詞?！癱athartic”通便的；精神宣泄

的?！皃ejorative”輕蔑的。“debilitating”使衰弱的。“retentive”記性好

的?！皌enacious”頑強(qiáng)的。

15．Thejudgesforthechilicompetitionwere_______,notingsubtle

differencesbetweendishedthatmostpeoplewouldnotdetect.

A.obscure

B.deferential

C.discriminating

D.sanctimonious

E.unrelenting

【答案】C

【解析】句意：麻辣比賽的評(píng)委是有識(shí)別能力的，能發(fā)現(xiàn)別人不能發(fā)現(xiàn)

的菜肴之間的細(xì)微差別。“discriminating”有識(shí)別力的?！癲eferential”恭敬

的?！皊anctimonious”假裝虔誠的?！皍nrelenting”無情的；不屈不撓的。

16．Namedinhonoroftheschool'sfounder,theRichardBrownstone

CommunityServiceFellowshipisoneofthehighestawards_______

BrownstoneSchoolgraduates.

A.conscriptedto

B.redeemedfor

C.conferredon

D.relegatedto

E.deprivedof

【答案】C

【解析】句意：為了紀(jì)念學(xué)校的創(chuàng)始人，理查德布朗斯通社區(qū)服務(wù)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)

金是授予布朗斯通學(xué)校畢業(yè)生最高的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金之一?！癱onferon”授

給?！癱onscript”征召?！皉edeemfor”為……彌補(bǔ)?！皉elegateto”委托

給?！癲epriveof”剝奪。

17．Afterseveralmonthsoftraining,the_______youngspanielwasfinally

______enoughtobewalkedsafelywithoutaleash.

A.eager….unruly

B.placid….defiant

C.clever….helpful

D.boisterous….docile

E.vigilant….convinced

【答案】D

【解析】句意：經(jīng)過幾個(gè)月的訓(xùn)練，性格暴躁的西班牙獵狗終于十分溫

順，可以不系皮帶安全地遛彎。根據(jù)“finally”可知，兩個(gè)空白處單詞意

思應(yīng)該相反，而且第一個(gè)應(yīng)該帶有貶義?！癰oisterous”狂暴

的?！癲ocile”溫順的?！皃lacid”平靜的?！癲efiant”挑釁的?！皏igilant”警惕

的。

18．FolkpainterGrandmaMosehasbecomesuchanenduringiconthat

manyconsiderher_____ofAmerica.

A.aninnovator

B.anemblem

C.asuccessor

D.adetractor

E.alobbyist

【答案】B

【解析】句意：民間畫家莫斯已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)經(jīng)久不衰的偶像，許多人認(rèn)

為她是美國的象征?！癳mblem”象征?！癲etractor”貶低者。“l(fā)obbyist”說

客。根據(jù)“anenduringicon”可知B項(xiàng)正確。

19．Theinternwasalmosttoo_______;hefeltthesufferingofhispatients

asifitwerehisown.

A.candid

B.disarming

C.empathetic

D.insightful

E.hysterical

【答案】C

【解析】句意：那個(gè)實(shí)習(xí)生幾乎太感性了，他覺得病人的痛苦好像是他

自己的痛苦。“empathetic”同感的。“candid”公正的?！癲isarming”使解除

警戒心的?！癶ysterical”歇斯底里的。

20．Thefewfemalephysicianspracticingattheendofthenineteenth

centurymightbeconsidered_______,becausetheyconstitutedaverysmall

percentageofallphysicians.

A.miscreants

B.revisionists

C.anomalies

D.pacifists

E.extremists

【答案】C

【解析】句意：19世紀(jì)末的少數(shù)女內(nèi)科醫(yī)生被認(rèn)為是特殊的，因?yàn)樗齻?/p>

只占所有內(nèi)科醫(yī)生中很少的一部分。因?yàn)槭巧贁?shù)一部分人，也就是不與

大眾相同，所以選擇C?！癮nomaly”反常事物?！癿iscreant”異端；異教

徒。“revisionist”修正主義者。“pacifist”和平主義者。

三、閱讀理解（每題1.25分，總共15分）

Direction:Inthissectiontherearetwopassagesfollowedbyquestionsor

unfinishedstatements,eachwithfivesuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,C,D,

andE.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.

Questions1-12arebasedonthefollowingpassages.

Isaperson'sgenderanimportantinfluenceonhowheorshebehaveswith

others?Contemporarysociologistsandotherscholarshavearguedthis

questionfiercely.Thefollowingpairofpassagespresentstwocontrasting

voicesfromthatdebate.

Passage1

[1]Thedesiretoaffirmthatwomenandmenarecompletelyequalhasmade

somescholarsreluctanttoshowwaysinwhichtheyaredifferent,because

differencesbetweentwogroupsofpeoplehavesooftenbeenusedto

“justify”unequaltreatmentandopportunity.MuchasIunderstandandamin

sympathywiththosewhowishtherewerenodifferencesbetweenwomen

andmenonlyreparablesocialinjustice-myresearchonstylesofconversation

tellsmethat,atleastinthisarea,itsimplyisn'tso.Ibelievethatthereare

genderdifferencesinwaysofspeaking,andweneedtoidentifyand

understandthem.Withoutsuchunderstanding,wearedoomedtoblame

othersorourselves-orourownrelationships-fortheotherwisemystifyingand

damagingeffectsofourcontrastingconversationalstyles.

[2]Itiscleartomethatrecognizinggenderdifferencesinconversational

styleswouldfreeindividualsfromtheburdenofaninappropriatesenseof

beingatfaultforchronicdisagreements.Manywomenandmenfeel

dissatisfiedwiththeircloserelationships-withspouses,siblings,parents-and

becomeevenmorefrustratedwhentheytrytotalkthingsout.Takinga

sociolinguisticapproachtosuchtroublingencountersmakesitpossibleto

explainthesedissatisfactionswithoutaccusinganyoneofbeingwrongand

withoutblaming-ordiscarding-therelationship.

[3]ThesociolinguisticapproachItakeinmyworkisbasedonmybeliefthat

manyfrictionsarisebecause,hereintheUnitedStates,boysandgirlsgrow

upinwhatareessentiallydifferentcultures,sothattalkbetweenwomenand

menisactuallycross-culturalcommunication.Forlittleboys,talkisprimarily

ameansofmakingstatementofachievementthroughgameslikebragging

contests.Thismayalsobedonebyexhibitingknowledgeorskillandby

holdingcenterstagethroughsuchverbalperformanceasstorytelling,joking,

orimpartinginformation.Littlegirlsappeartobeeagertoshareandcompare

interestsandideas.Emphasisisplacedondisplayingsimilaritiesand

matchingexperiences.Forthem,thelanguageofconversationisprimarilya

languageofrapport:awayofestablishingconnection,andnegotiating

relationships.Sothisviewofchildren'sbehaviorpredictsthatmorewomen

thanmenwillbecomfortablespeakingone-on-one,toindividuals.Andeven

whenaddressinganaudience,womenmaybe45moreconcernedthanmen

withestablishingrapport.

Passage2

[1]Genderstereotypesshouldconcernusforseveralreasons.First,theymay

dictatewhatwenoticeandbiasourperceptionsinthedirectionof

expectation.Someresearchersattempttoelucidategenderdifferencesin

ordertohelpwomenandmenunderstandandrespondtooneanotherbetter.

Intheprocess,however,theirworkencouragespeopletonoticeandattendto

differencesratherthansimilarities,toperceivemenandwomenin

accordancewithstereotypesthatmaynotaccuratelydepicttheirbehavioror

intentions.Second,genderstereotypesmaynotonlydescribebehaviorbut

alsoprescribeit,dictatinghowmenandwomen“should”behave.People

begintoactinwaysthatsupportotherpeople'sgender-roleexpectationsof

them.

[2]Itistimetorethinkourunderstandingofgender,tomoveawayfromthe

notionthatmenandwomenhavetwocontrastingstylesofinteractionthat

wereacquiredinchildhood.Weneedtomovefromaconceptualizationof

genderasanattributeorstyleofbehaviortoanunderstandingofgenderas

somethingpeopledoinsocialinteraction.Asanotedscholarproposes,

“Noneofusisfeminineorismasculineorfailstobeeitherofthose.In

particularcontextspeopledofeminine,inothers,theydomasculine.”People

displaycontradictorybehaviorsastheyencounterdifferentsocialnormsand

pressures.

[3]Someresearchersviewmale-femaleconversationsascross-cultural

communication.Thetwo-culturesapproachpostulatesthatdifficultiesin

communicationbetweenmenandwomenarisebecauseofaclashof

conversationalstyles.Butthisapproachhasanumberoflimitations.First,the

coherenceofmaleandfemalesubculturesinchildhoodhasbeenexaggerated.

Wearriveatacontrastingpictureoftheculturesofboysandgirlsonlyby

singlingoutthosechildrenwhofitcommongenderstereotypesand

marginalizingothers.Wefailtonoticethechildrenwhodonotfitthose

stereotypes-forexample,boyswhoexcelatcaringforyoungersiblingsor

girlswhoenjoybuildingthingsinshopclass.Second,althoughchildrenmay

choosesamesexplaymatesaspreferredpartners,theyinteractdailyinside

andoutsideschoolwiththeoppositesex.Childrenhavecountless

experiencescommunicatingwithpeopleofbothsexes:theydonotlearnto

communicateingender-segregatedworlds.Theylearntodisplaydifferent

stylesofinteractionindifferentcontexts:theydonotlearnasinglegender-

relatedstyle.Thesamechildmaydisplaydominanceandgiveorderstoa

youngerplaymatebutshowdeferenceandfollowordersfromanolderfriend.

1．Thetwopassagesdiffermostonwhichtopic?

A.Whetherboysandgirlscommunicateingenderspecificpatterns

B.Whetherimportantsocialbehaviorislearnedinchildhood

C.Whetheradultconversationalstylescanbestudiedsystematically

D.Whethergenderpraysaroleindeterminingachild'splaytimeactivities

E.Whethersocietyconcernsitselfwiththeconceptofgenderroles

2．TheprimarypurposeofPassage1isto_______.

A.presentahistoricaloverviewofacontroversy

B.acknowledgepreviouserrorsinthinking

C.urgechangesinorganizedactivitiesprovidedforchildren

D.assertthevalueofaparticularapproachtoanissue

E.downplaythesignificanceofarecentdiscovery

3．Passage1makeswhichsuggestionabouttheworkof“somescholars”

(Paragraph1)?

A.Itwillbecomewidelyacceptedinthescientificcommunity.

B.Itiswellintentionedbutmisguided.

C.Itattemptstobeobjectivebutdoesnotsucceed.

D.Itputsforthaconvincingtheory.

E.Itcouldbeusedtoexcuseinjusticeinasociety.

4．Passage1arguesthat“recognizinggenderdifferences”(Paragraph2)

wouldmostlikely_______.

A.causepeopletoexaggeratetheirsimilaritieswhencommunicatingwith

oneanother

B.leadtofurtherdissatisfactioninConversationsamongfriendsandrelatives

C.promotetheequaltreatmentofdistinctsocialgroups

D.relieveindividualsofmuchoftheblameforproblemsinrelationships

E.affectthewaythatfutureresearchongenderisconducted

5．In(“Littlegirls….relationships”,Paragraph3),theauthorofPassage1

assumesthatforgirls,aprimaryfunctionofcommunicationisto_______.

A.fosterasenseofintimacybetweenspeakerandlistener

B.establishasetofconversationalrulessharedbyspeakerandlistener

C.conveyinformationpreviouslyunknownbythelistener

D.promotenostalgicfeelingsaboutpastfriendships

E.createanobjectiveatmosphereforpersonaldiscussions

6．TheauthorofPassage2wouldmostlikelychallengetheclaimmadein

Paragraph3ofPassage1(“Themunication”)byarguing

that_____.

A.childrendonotgrowupinsingle-gendercultures

B.childrenmaybecomeskilledatdeceivingadults

C.genderdifferencesareimpossibletoassessscientifically

D.thereislessconflictbetweenmenandwomenthansociologistsassume

E.children'sbehaviorshavechangeddramaticallyinrecentyears

7．ThesentenceinParagraph1ofPassage2(“First...expectation”)primarily

emphasizeswhichdamagingeffectofgenderstereotypes?

A.Theymayoffendthepersonbeingstereotyped.

B.Theymaydistortourobservationsofpeoplewemeet.

C.Theyhavebeenusedtojustifygenderinequality.

D.Theycommonlycausemiscommunicationbetweenmenantiwomen.

E.Theyreflectnegativelyonthosewhobelieveinthem.

8．TheassumptionsunderlyingtheresearchworkdescribedinParagraphl

ofPassage2(“Someresearchersattemptto...tooneanotherbetter”)are

mostsimilartotheassumptionsheldbythe_____.

A.“scholars”underlinedinParagraph1ofPassage1

B.“womenandmen”underlinedinParagraph2ofPassage1

C.“notedscholar”underlinedinParagraph2ofPassage2

D.authorofPassage1

E.authorofPassage2

9．ThequotationinParagraph2ofPassage2(“None...masculine”)

primarilyservesto_____.

A.introduceapersonalexperience

B.provideatypicalexample

C.elaborateonanidea

D.signalachangeintopic

E.offerrecentresearchdata

10．Passage2suggeststhatsomescholarsconstruct“acontrastingpictureof

theculturesofboysandgirls(Paragraph3ofPassage2)bystudyingchildren

whose

A.readinesstointeractwithstrangersisapparent

B.demandforapprovalfromadultsisparticularlystrong

C.rebellionagainstauthorityresultsincreativebehavior

D.personalitiesarehighlyidiosyncratic

E.actionscorrespondtoanarrowpreconceptionofbehavior

11．TheauthorofPassage2impliesthatthe“boys”underlinedinParagraph

3ofPassage2andthe“child”underlinedinParagraph3ofPassage2

resembleoneanotherinthatthey_____.

A.havenotlearnedtoimitateadultbehaviors

B.refusetogetalongwiththeirpeers

C.donotconformtotraditionalgenderstereotypes

D.openlymockadultexpectationsabouttheirbehavior

E.communicateprimarilywithchildrenoftheirowngender

12．Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizestheideasaboutgender

communicationstylesastheyarepresentedinthetwopassages?

A.Passage1arguesthatstylesarebasedoncompetition,whilePassage2

suggeststhattheyareaformofcooperation.

B.Passage1arguesthatstylesareaburden,whilePassage2impliesthat

theycanhelpfacilitaterelationshipsbetweenmenandwomen.

C.Passage1claimsthatstylesaresemantic,whilePassage2suggeststhat

theyarewhimsical.

D.Passage1suggeststhatstylesareconstant,whilePassage2arguesthat

theyarefluid.

E.Passage1statesthatstylesarerandom,whilePassage2indicatesthattheir

patternsbecomeobviousuponcloserscrutiny.

【答案與解析】

1．A第一篇文章第三段中說“talkbetweenwomenandmenisactually

cross-culturalcommunication”，由第二篇文章第三段可知，作者認(rèn)為這

種觀點(diǎn)有一些局限性。因此兩篇文章的主要差異在于男孩和女孩是否在

特定性別模式下進(jìn)行交流。

2．D由第一篇文章可知，盡管作者很理解并同情那些希望男女之間沒

有差別的人，但作者相信在說話的方式上存在性別差異，我們需要識(shí)別

并理解它們。

3．B第一篇說到一些學(xué)者“reluctanttoshowwaysinwhich...'justify'

unequaltreatment”。作者認(rèn)為那些學(xué)者的本意是好的，但卻不同意他們

的觀點(diǎn)。作者顯然認(rèn)為承認(rèn)性別差異有助于人們與異性交往。

4．D第一篇關(guān)于性別差異的方法涉及男性和女性與配偶、兄弟姐妹和

朋友的親密關(guān)系。根據(jù)這篇文章，“recognizinggenderdifferencesin

conversationalstyleswouldfreeindividualsfromtheburdenofan

inappropriatesenseofbeingatfault”。也就是說這種認(rèn)識(shí)會(huì)讓人們避免因

性別誤解而責(zé)備自己(或他人)。

5．A第一篇文章描述了女孩如何通過交流尋求與他人建立親密關(guān)系：

小女孩在談話中強(qiáng)調(diào)“displayingsimilaritiesandmatchingexperiences”。

這篇文章指出，對(duì)于女孩來說，語言的目的是“establishingconnection

andnegotiatingrelationships”。

6．A第一篇文章提出“boysandgirlsgrowupinwhatareessentially

differentcultures”，因此任何挑戰(zhàn)都必須直接解決這一要求。第二篇文

章的作者說，孩子們有“countlessexperiencescommunicatingwithpeople

ofbothsexes”。因此第二篇文章的作者會(huì)認(rèn)為兒童在單一性別文化中不

會(huì)成長。

7．B根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，刻板印象“maydictatewhatwenoticeandbiasour

perceptionsinthedirectionofexpectation”。換句話說，當(dāng)我們遇到別人

時(shí)，性別刻板印象可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們?nèi)ふ夷切┪覀兯谕钠焚|(zhì)，并把

注意力集中在這些品質(zhì)而不是別的東西上。這些刻板印象使人們很難用

公平公正的眼光去觀察人們；他們扭曲了我們對(duì)人的看法。

8．D題干中提到的研究者的假設(shè)與第一篇作者的觀點(diǎn)非常相似。雙方

都想“toelucidategenderdifferencesinordertohelpwomenandmen

understandandrespondtoeachotherbetter.”正如第一篇的作者所說，“itis

cleartomethatrecognizinggenderdifferencesinconversationalstyleswould

freeindividualsfromtheburdenofaninappropriatesenseofbeingat

fault”。

9．C這句話前面的句子認(rèn)為，我們需要把性別看作是“assomething

peopledoinsocialinteraction”。引文指出，“inparticularcontextspeople

dofeminine,inothers,theydomasculine,”這一觀點(diǎn)闡述了人們的行為是

由情境而不是性別決定的。

10．E根據(jù)第二篇文章，為了突出男孩和女孩之間的差異，一些學(xué)

者“singlingoutthosechildrenwhofitcommongenderstereotypesand

marginalizingothers”。通過研究那些傾向于按照刻板印象行事的孩子，

或者“narrowpreconceptionsofbehavior”，這些學(xué)者的研究成果中突出顯

示男孩和女孩的文化差異。

11．C作者以這些孩子為例，說明他們不符合傳統(tǒng)的性別觀念。作者指

出，“boyswhoexcelatcaringforyoungersiblings”的男孩們與女孩有更多

的聯(lián)系。同樣的，一個(gè)孩子對(duì)年輕的玩伴表現(xiàn)出支配傾向，而尊重一個(gè)

年長朋友，他的這種行為是由情況而不是性別來決定的。

12．D根據(jù)第一篇文章，溝通方式是由性別決定的，因此是固定的和

可預(yù)測的。作者說：“Ibelievethattherearegenderdifferencesinwaysof

speaking,andweneedtoidentifyandunderstandthem”。第二篇文章說，

性別溝通方式是不固定的，根據(jù)個(gè)人和情況而變化：“peopledisplay

contradictorybehaviorsastheyencounterdifferentsocialnormsand

pressures”。

四、解釋理解題（每題2分，總共10分）

Directions:ExplaininEnglishhowyouunderstandthefollowingsayingsand

quotes.

1．Itisalwayssafetolearn,evenfromourenemies;seldomsafetoventure

toinstruct,evenourfriends.

—Charles·CalebColton

【答案】Learnfromothersisalwaysasafebehavior.Buttoinstructothers

arealwaysnotsafe,becausenoteveryoneiswillingtobeinstructed.

【解析】學(xué)習(xí)總是安全的，哪怕是向敵人學(xué)習(xí)；教育別人卻要冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，

哪怕是教育朋友。

2．Toknowthatweknowwhatweknow,andtoknowthatwedonotknow

whatwedonotknow,thatistrueknowledge.—Nicolaus·Copernicus

【答案】Ifweknowwhatweknowandwhatwedonotknow,wehavethe

trueknowledge.

【解析】這句話可意譯為“知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也?！?/p>

3．Dictionaryistheonlyplacethatsuccesscomesbeforework.

【答案】Indictionary,theword“success”issortedbefore“work”.Butin

reallife,successcanonlybegainedbywork.

【解析】在字典里，成功比工作排得靠前。但是在生活中，只有通過努

力工作才能獲得成功。

4．Thedifferencebetweenschoolandlife?Inschool,you'retaughtalesson

andthengivenatest.Inlife,you'regivenatestthatteachesyoualesson.

—Tom·Bodett

【答案】Inschool,welearntheknowledgeandthenpractice.Butinlife,

failureisourteacher.Wepracticefirstandthenknowhowitworks.

【解析】學(xué)校與生活的區(qū)別是什么？在學(xué)校，先上課后考試。在生活中

則是先接受考驗(yàn)然后再學(xué)到知識(shí)。

5．IhaveasmuchauthorityasthePope;Ijustdon'thaveasmanypeople

whobelieveit.

—George·Carlin

【答案】ThedifferencebetweenthePopeandIisthatIhavelessadvocates,

butwehavethesamequantityofauthority.

【解析】教皇的信徒和擁護(hù)者眾多，而我們的區(qū)別就在于我的擁護(hù)者

少，然而我們擁有的權(quán)利是一樣多的。

五、完形填空（每題一分，總共15分）

What__1__?Variousremediesareinvogue,noneefficacious,indeed-thatis

mypoint-alldeleterious.Thereisnothingforitbutburningnine-tenthsofthe

stuff.Forconsidertheseremedies.

First,ofcourse,comesthemanwhosimplygives__2__,whosays:“Ihaven't

thetime,”andgoesunder.Virtue,theysay,isitsownreward.Notforhim.

Hetriestopassitoffblusteringlybutheisashamedofhimself__3__death.

Secondisthemanwho,swindlerthoughhebe,yet__4__applauseaspaying

backthe“everyone”journalistinhisownbasecoin.Hedefinesinhismind

thelittlepatchofliteraturethathecanread,thencondemnsalltherest__5__

generalgroundsevolvingaformulawhichshallbevaguelytenableandshall

vaguelyabsolvehim.Aneageryouthasks:“Pray,Sir,whatisyouropinion

ofMrs.VirginiaWoolf?”Hereplies:“Noopinionofmine,mydear

Guildenstern,wouldbeofmuchusetoyou,__6__Mrs.Woolf.IfearIaman

oldfogey.Thesemodernpeopleseemtometohavelosttheirway.Fielding

andJaneAustenaregoodenoughforme.”Guildensternretires,suitably

abashed,andvaguely__7__Mrs.WoolfwithMrs.BertramAtkey,Alice

MeynellwithEllaWheelerWilcox.

Thethirdmangallantlyfacestheinsolubleproblemby__8__thefashion.

Settinghisjaw,hespecialisesinthemodemsofwhomonereadsmostinthe

TimesLiterarySupplement.Feverishly,heconstheworkofallauthors

enshrinedinthatausteremausoleum;feverishly,becausehemayatany

momentbecaughtnappingby__9__.Thisthirdsectionformsthebulkofthe

educatedclass.Membersareeverywhereandspoileverything.Literaturehas

twogreatuses:Thefundamentaluseisthatitcreatesandsatisfiesakeener

tasteforlife;thesuperficialuseisthatit__10_aprecioussocialamenity.

Ourthirdmannotonlyknowsnothingofthefirst;heruinsthesecond.

Decentpeopleconverseaboutbookswithaview__11__commonground

andexchangingdelight(deeporfrivolous)thereon.ButtheThirdManis

mostlyanti-social.Heselectssomevoluminousauthorandcatechiseshis

victimtillhehasfoundaworkwhichthevictimhasnotread.Withahootof

joyousdisgustheleapsupontheconfessionandextolstheunreadbookasthe

finestofthelist.Suchamanwillalwaysbefoundsmackinghislipsinpublic

overStevenson's"WrongBox"toLewisCarroll's“SylvieandBruno.”Chief

ofthistribe,apparently,wasnolessapersonthanColeridge,ofwhom

Hazlittreports:“Hedidnotspeakofhis[Butler's]‘Analogy,’butofhis

‘SermonsattheRollsChapel,’ofwhichIhadneverheard.Coleridge

somehowalwayscontrivedtoprefertheunknowntotheknown.”Exactly;for

thegreataimsof__12__peopleare(1)toavoidbeingscoredoff;(2)toscore

off__13__.Itisthisignoblecompetitionwhichhasruinedtaste,for__14__

itonwemustneedtofollowthecrowd.Itwouldnever__15__toentera

roomfullofpersonsdiscussingMasefieldorWalterdelaMareandexplain

wistfully:“I'vebeenreadingWhittierallday.”MasefieldanddelaMarea