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第4課平面向量的數(shù)乘運(yùn)算目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課標(biāo)解讀1.了解向量數(shù)乘的概念.2.理解并掌握向量數(shù)乘的運(yùn)算律,會(huì)運(yùn)用向量數(shù)乘的運(yùn)算律進(jìn)行向量運(yùn)算.3.理解并掌握向量共線(xiàn)定理及其判定方法.1.在熟悉課本知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上,了解并充分掌握向量數(shù)乘的概念.2.在掌握向量加減與數(shù)乘定義的基礎(chǔ)上,理解并掌握向量數(shù)乘的運(yùn)算律,會(huì)運(yùn)用向量數(shù)乘的運(yùn)算律進(jìn)行向量運(yùn)算.3.準(zhǔn)確理解并掌握向量共線(xiàn)定理及其判定方法.知識(shí)精講知識(shí)精講知識(shí)點(diǎn)01向量數(shù)乘的定義一般地,我們規(guī)定實(shí)數(shù)λ與向量a的積是一個(gè)向量,這種運(yùn)算叫做向量的數(shù)乘,記作λa,其長(zhǎng)度與方向規(guī)定如下:(1)|λa|=|λ||a|.(2)λa(a≠0)的方向eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(當(dāng)λ>0時(shí),與a的方向相同;,當(dāng)λ<0時(shí),與a的方向相反.))特別地,當(dāng)λ=0時(shí),λa=0.當(dāng)λ=-1時(shí),(-1)a=-a.【即學(xué)即練1】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為不共線(xiàn)向量,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則下列關(guān)系式中正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0答案B解析因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,則關(guān)系式中正確的是SKIPIF1<0,故選:B.知識(shí)點(diǎn)02向量數(shù)乘的運(yùn)算律1.設(shè)λ,μ為實(shí)數(shù),那么(1)λ(μa)=(λμ)a.(2)(λ+μ)a=λa+μa.(3)λ(a+b)=λa+λb.特別地,(-λ)a=-(λa)=λ(-a),λ(a-b)=λa-λb.2.向量的線(xiàn)性運(yùn)算向量的加、減、數(shù)乘運(yùn)算統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為向量的線(xiàn)性運(yùn)算,對(duì)于任意向量a,b,以及任意實(shí)數(shù)λ,μ1,μ2,恒有λ(μ1a±μ2b)=λμ1a±λμ2b.【即學(xué)即練2】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0是兩個(gè)不共線(xiàn)的向量,若向量SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的方向相同,則SKIPIF1<0________.答案4解析由題意可知SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0共線(xiàn),所以存在實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0使SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0不共線(xiàn),所以SKIPIF1<0解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)橄蛄縎KIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的方向相同,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:4知識(shí)點(diǎn)03向量共線(xiàn)定理向量a(a≠0)與b共線(xiàn)的充要條件是:存在唯一一個(gè)實(shí)數(shù)λ,使b=λa.【即學(xué)即練3】.已知點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0所在平面內(nèi),滿(mǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0依次是SKIPIF1<0的(

)A.重心,外心 B.內(nèi)心,外心 C.重心,內(nèi)心 D.垂心,外心答案A解析解:設(shè)SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0有公共點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0三點(diǎn)共線(xiàn),即SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0的中線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0,同理可得SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0的三條中線(xiàn)上,即為SKIPIF1<0的重心;因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的外接圓圓心,即為SKIPIF1<0的外心綜上,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0依次是SKIPIF1<0的重心,外心.故選:A答疑解惑向量共線(xiàn)定理中為什么規(guī)定a≠0?答案若將條件a≠0去掉,即當(dāng)a=0時(shí),顯然a與b共線(xiàn).(1)若b≠0,則不存在實(shí)數(shù)λ,使b=λa.(2)若b=0,則對(duì)任意實(shí)數(shù)λ,都有b=λa.能力拓展能力拓展考法01向量的線(xiàn)性運(yùn)算【典例1】(1)若a=2b+c,則化簡(jiǎn)3(a+2b)-2(3b+c)-2(a+b)等于()A.-a B.-bC.-c D.以上都不對(duì)答案C解析原式=3a+6b-6b-2c-2a-2b=a-2b-2c=2b+c-2b-2c=-c.反思感悟向量線(xiàn)性運(yùn)算的基本方法(1)類(lèi)比法:向量的數(shù)乘運(yùn)算類(lèi)似于代數(shù)多項(xiàng)式的運(yùn)算,例如,實(shí)數(shù)運(yùn)算中的去括號(hào)、移項(xiàng)、合并同類(lèi)項(xiàng)、提取公因式等變形手段在數(shù)與向量的乘積中同樣適用,但是這里的“同類(lèi)項(xiàng)”“公因式”是指向量,實(shí)數(shù)看作是向量的系數(shù).(2)方程法:向量也可以通過(guò)列方程來(lái)解,把所求向量當(dāng)作未知數(shù),利用解方程的方法求解,同時(shí)在運(yùn)算過(guò)程中多注意觀察,恰當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)用運(yùn)算律,簡(jiǎn)化運(yùn)算.【變式訓(xùn)練】若3(x+a)+2(x-2a)-4(x-a+b)=0,則x=________.答案4b-3a解析由已知,得3x+3a+2x-4a-4x+4a-4b=0,所以x+3a-4b=0,所以x=4b-3a.考法02用已知向量表示其他向量【典例2】設(shè)D,E分別是△ABC的邊AB,BC上的點(diǎn),AD=eq\f(1,2)AB,BE=eq\f(2,3)BC.若eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→))=a,eq\o(AC,\s\up6(→))=b,則eq\o(DE,\s\up6(→))=________.(用a,b表示)答案-eq\f(1,6)a+eq\f(2,3)b解析eq\o(DE,\s\up6(→))=eq\o(DB,\s\up6(→))+eq\o(BE,\s\up6(→))=eq\f(1,2)eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→))+eq\f(2,3)eq\o(BC,\s\up6(→))=eq\f(1,2)eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→))反思感悟用已知向量表示其他向量的兩種方法(1)直接法(2)方程法當(dāng)直接表示比較困難時(shí),可以首先利用三角形法則和平行四邊形法則建立關(guān)于所求向量和已知向量的等量關(guān)系,然后解關(guān)于所求向量的方程.【變式訓(xùn)練】如圖,在?ABCD中,E是BC的中點(diǎn),若eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→))=a,eq\o(AD,\s\up6(→))=b,則eq\o(DE,\s\up6(→))等于()A.eq\f(1,2)a-b B.eq\f(1,2)a+bC.a(chǎn)+eq\f(1,2)b D.a(chǎn)-eq\f(1,2)b答案D解析因?yàn)镋是BC的中點(diǎn),所以eq\o(CE,\s\up6(→))=eq\f(1,2)eq\o(CB,\s\up6(→))=-eq\f(1,2)eq\o(AD,\s\up6(→))=-eq\f(1,2)b,所以eq\o(DE,\s\up6(→))=eq\o(DC,\s\up6(→))+eq\o(CE,\s\up6(→))=eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→))+eq\o(CE,\s\up6(→))=a-eq\f(1,2)b.考法03向量共線(xiàn)的判定及應(yīng)用【典例3】在△ABC中,若點(diǎn)D滿(mǎn)足eq\o(BD,\s\up6(→))=2eq\o(DC,\s\up6(→)),則eq\o(AD,\s\up6(→))等于()A.eq\f(1,3)eq\o(AC,\s\up6(→))+eq\f(2,3)eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→)) B.eq\f(5,3)eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→))-eq\f(2,3)eq\o(AC,\s\up6(→))C.eq\f(2,3)eq\o(AC,\s\up6(→))-eq\f(1,3)eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→)) D.eq\f(2,3)eq\o(AC,\s\up6(→))+eq\f(1,3)eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→))答案D解析示意圖如圖所示,由題意可得eq\o(AD,\s\up6(→))=eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→))+eq\o(BD,\s\up6(→))=eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→))+eq\f(2,3)eq\o(BC,\s\up6(→))=eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→))+eq\f(2,3)(eq\o(AC,\s\up6(→))-eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→)))=eq\f(1,3)eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→))+eq\f(2,3)eq\o(AC,\s\up6(→)).反思感悟(1)證明或判斷三點(diǎn)共線(xiàn)的方法一般來(lái)說(shuō),要判定A,B,C三點(diǎn)是否共線(xiàn),只需看是否存在實(shí)數(shù)λ,使得eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→))=λeq\o(AC,\s\up6(→))(或eq\o(BC,\s\up6(→))=λeq\o(AB,\s\up6(→))等)即可.(2)利用向量共線(xiàn)求參數(shù)的方法已知向量共線(xiàn)求λ,常根據(jù)向量共線(xiàn)的條件轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)向量系數(shù)相等求解.【變式訓(xùn)練】設(shè)a,b是不共線(xiàn)的兩個(gè)向量.(1)若eq\o(OA,\s\up6(→))=2a-b,eq\o(OB,\s\up6(→))=3a+b,eq\o(OC,\s\up6(→))=a-3b,求證:A,B,C三點(diǎn)共線(xiàn);(2)若8a+kb與ka+2b共線(xiàn),求實(shí)數(shù)k的值.(1)證明∵eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→))=eq\o(OB,\s\up6(→))-eq\o(OA,\s\up6(→))=(3a+b)-(2a-b)=a+2b,而eq\o(BC,\s\up6(→))=eq\o(OC,\s\up6(→))-eq\o(OB,\s\up6(→))=(a-3b)-(3a+b)=-(2a+4b)=-2eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→)),∴eq\o(AB,\s\up6(→))與eq\o(BC,\s\up6(→))共線(xiàn),且有公共點(diǎn)B,∴A,B,C三點(diǎn)共線(xiàn).(2)解∵8a+kb與ka+2b共線(xiàn),∴存在實(shí)數(shù)λ,使得8a+kb=λ(ka+2b),即(8-λk)a+(k-2λ)b=0,∵a與b不共線(xiàn),∴eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(8-λk=0,,k-2λ=0,))解得λ=±2,∴k=2λ=±4.分層提分分層提分題組A基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)練2022年12月22日高中數(shù)學(xué)作業(yè)2022.12.15一、單選題1.如圖,E,F(xiàn)分別是矩形ABCD的邊CD,BC的中點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0答案B解析在SKIPIF1<0中由向量加法的三角形法則得:SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.在SKIPIF1<0中由向量加法的三角形法則得:SKIPIF1<0又因?yàn)镋,F(xiàn)分別是矩形ABCD的邊CD,BC的中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.2.在SKIPIF1<0中,點(diǎn)D在BC邊上,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0答案B解析SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.故選:B3.在△ABC中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0答案B解析∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,又∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,即:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.4.如圖所示,在SKIPIF1<0中,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是線(xiàn)段SKIPIF1<0上靠近A的三等分點(diǎn),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是線(xiàn)段SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0答案B解析SKIPIF1<0.故選:B5.SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0所在平面內(nèi)一點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)必在(

)A.SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)部 B.在直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0上C.在直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0上 D.在直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0上答案B解析SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0共線(xiàn)∴SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)一定在SKIPIF1<0邊所在直線(xiàn)上.故選:B.6.若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是任意三個(gè)空間向量,SKIPIF1<0,則下列關(guān)系式中不成立的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0答案D解析對(duì)于A,根據(jù)向量加法的交換律知SKIPIF1<0成立,故A正確;對(duì)于B,根據(jù)向量數(shù)乘的分配律知SKIPIF1<0成立,故B正確;對(duì)于C,根據(jù)向量加法的結(jié)合律知SKIPIF1<0成立,故C正確;對(duì)于D,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0共線(xiàn),且SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),才有SKIPIF1<0,故D錯(cuò)誤.故選:D7.在SKIPIF1<0中,D為BC上一點(diǎn).若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0答案C解析由于SKIPIF1<0三點(diǎn)共線(xiàn),所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0.故選:C8.已知等邊SKIPIF1<0的邊長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,D為SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0答案C解析解:因?yàn)榈冗匰KIPIF1<0的邊長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,D為SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;故選:C9.(多選)《易經(jīng)》是闡述天地世間關(guān)于萬(wàn)象變化的古老經(jīng)典,其中八卦深邃的哲理解釋了自然、社會(huì)現(xiàn)象.如圖1所示的是八卦模型圖,其平面圖形SKIPIF1<0圖SKIPIF1<0中的正八邊形ABCDEFGH,其中O為正八邊形的中心,則下列說(shuō)法正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0能構(gòu)成一組基底答案BCD解析對(duì)于A選項(xiàng),SKIPIF1<0,A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤.對(duì)于B選項(xiàng),SKIPIF1<0,B選項(xiàng)正確.對(duì)于C選項(xiàng),由于八邊形ABCDEFGH為正八邊形,故SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,所以選項(xiàng)C正確.對(duì)于D選項(xiàng),由于SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0不共線(xiàn),故SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0能構(gòu)成一組基底,所以D正確.故選:BCD.10.(多選)莊嚴(yán)美麗的國(guó)旗和國(guó)徽上的五角星是革命和光明的象征,正五角星(5個(gè)頂點(diǎn)構(gòu)成正五邊形)是一個(gè)非常優(yōu)美的幾何圖形,且與黃金分割有著密切的聯(lián)系在如圖所示的正五角星中,SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0答案AC解析A選項(xiàng),由圖可知,SKIPIF1<0,故A正確;B選項(xiàng),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故B錯(cuò)誤;C選項(xiàng),∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,故C正確;D選項(xiàng),SKIPIF1<0,故D錯(cuò)誤.故選:AC.11.古代典籍《周易》中的“八卦”思想對(duì)我國(guó)的建筑有一定影響.圖1是受“八卦”啟示設(shè)計(jì)的正八邊形的八角窗.在正八邊形SKIPIF1<0中,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0______.答案SKIPIF1<0##SKIPIF1<0解析如圖,連接SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,不妨設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.12.如圖,已知SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0_________,SKIPIF1<0_________.答案

SKIPIF1<0

SKIPIF1<0解析如圖,SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.題組B能力提升練1.已知向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0不共線(xiàn),若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.A,B,C三點(diǎn)共線(xiàn) B.A,B,D三點(diǎn)共線(xiàn)C.A,C,D三點(diǎn)共線(xiàn) D.B,C,D三點(diǎn)共線(xiàn)答案B解析對(duì)于A,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若A,B,C三點(diǎn)共線(xiàn),則存在實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0使得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,無(wú)解,所以A,B,C三點(diǎn)不共線(xiàn),故A錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于B,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,又∵A是公共點(diǎn),∴A,B,D三點(diǎn)共線(xiàn),故B正確;對(duì)于C,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,若A,C,D三點(diǎn)共線(xiàn),則存在實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0使得SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,無(wú)解,所以A,C,D三點(diǎn)不共線(xiàn),故C錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于D,若B,C,D三點(diǎn)共線(xiàn),則存在實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0使得SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,無(wú)解,所以B,C,D三點(diǎn)不共線(xiàn),故D錯(cuò)誤;故選:B.2.在SKIPIF1<0中,已知SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0邊上一點(diǎn),若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.2 B.1C.-2 D.-1答案C解析解:如圖所示:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為線(xiàn)段SKIPIF1<0的三等分點(diǎn)中靠近SKIPIF1<0的點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.3.已知SKIPIF1<0中,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為邊SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0所在平面內(nèi)一點(diǎn),則“SKIPIF1<0”為“點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0重心”(

)條件A.充分不必要 B.必要不充分 C.充要 D.既不充分也不必要答案C解析充分性:SKIPIF1<0等價(jià)于:SKIPIF1<0等價(jià)于:SKIPIF1<0等價(jià)于:SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的靠近SKIPIF1<0的三等分點(diǎn),所以點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0重心;必要性:若點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0重心,由重心性質(zhì)知SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0故選:C4.已知向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0不共線(xiàn),且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0反向共線(xiàn),則實(shí)數(shù)λ的值為()A.1 B.SKIPIF1<0C.1或SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0答案B解析由于SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0反向共線(xiàn),則存在實(shí)數(shù)k,使得SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,又向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0不共線(xiàn),所以SKIPIF1<0,整理得SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.故選:B5.已知SKIPIF1<0是平面上的4個(gè)定點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0不共線(xiàn),若點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的軌跡一定經(jīng)過(guò)SKIPIF1<0的(

)A.重心 B.外心 C.內(nèi)心 D.垂心答案A解析解:根據(jù)題意,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0邊的中點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)辄c(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0所以,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的軌跡為SKIPIF1<0的中線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0,所以,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的軌跡一定經(jīng)過(guò)SKIPIF1<0的重心.故選:A6.設(shè)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0所在平面內(nèi)一點(diǎn),且滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0答案A解析∵SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0三點(diǎn)共線(xiàn)且SKIPIF1<0.如圖所示:∴SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0故選:A.7.已知向量SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0不共線(xiàn),且SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0共線(xiàn),則SKIPIF1<0___________.答案SKIPIF1<0解析因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0共線(xiàn),所以存在唯一實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,使SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)橄蛄縎KIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0不共線(xiàn),所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<08.在△ABC中,點(diǎn)D是線(xiàn)段BC的中點(diǎn),點(diǎn)E在線(xiàn)段AD上,且滿(mǎn)足AE=2ED,若SKIPIF1<0,則λ+μ=_________.答案SKIPIF1<0解析由題意,可作圖如下:解:SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.9.P是梯形ABCD外一點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0_____.答案SKIPIF1<0##0.5解析法一:設(shè)SKIPIF1<0因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,同理SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,由于SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0法二:由題意可知SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<010.(1)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是兩個(gè)不共線(xiàn)的向量,向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0(用SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0表示).(2)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是不共線(xiàn)的兩個(gè)非零向量.若SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0共線(xiàn),求實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值.答案(1)SKIPIF1<0;(2)SKIPIF1<0.解析(1)∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0;(2)由SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0不共線(xiàn)可知SKIPIF1<0為非零向量,而SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0共線(xiàn),所以存在唯一實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0不共線(xiàn),所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0題組C培優(yōu)拔尖練1.點(diǎn)P是SKIPIF1<0所在平面上一點(diǎn),若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的面積之比是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.3 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0答案D解析如圖,延長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0共線(xiàn),所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.2.已知SKIPIF1<0為△ABC內(nèi)任意一點(diǎn),若滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0答案D解析分別取AC、BC的中點(diǎn)E、F,連接PF,PE,F(xiàn)E.則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即點(diǎn)P為線(xiàn)段EF靠近F的一個(gè)三等分點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0故選:D3.已知SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的平分線(xiàn)上一點(diǎn),且SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)(不包含邊界)的一點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0答案A解析解:設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,由等和線(xiàn)性質(zhì)得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.4.設(shè)O是SKIPIF1<0的外心,滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的面積是A.4 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.8 D.6答案B解析取AC中點(diǎn)D,因?yàn)镺是SKIPIF1<0的外心,所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0故選:B5.在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0為邊SKIPIF1<0上任意一點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),且滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為_(kāi)_______.答案SKIPIF1<0##SKIPIF1<0解析由SKIPIF1<0為邊SKIPIF1<0上任意一點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF

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