2023年人教版中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)課件

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

ThePassiveVoice@Cayla一、被動(dòng)的定義震驚！兔子咬約翰牛啦！BREAKINGNEWS!主動(dòng)“震驚！兔子咬約翰牛啦！”在描述這個(gè)“兔咬牛”事件時(shí)，這連個(gè)角色帶出了兩種可能，主語(yǔ)跟動(dòng)詞之間也因此形成了兩種關(guān)系：TherabbitbitJohnCow.被動(dòng)JohnCowwasbit

bytherabbit.咬bite-bit-bit/bitten當(dāng)句子以[被動(dòng)]的一方作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞之間存在的就是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。對(duì)于英文來(lái)說(shuō)。主要是[被動(dòng)關(guān)系]就一定要用[被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)]來(lái)標(biāo)記，即“be+done(過(guò)去分詞)”一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)JohnCowisbit

bytherabbit.過(guò)去式的被動(dòng)JohnCowwasbit

bytherabbit.將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)JohnCowwillbebit

bytherabbit.進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)JohnCowis/wasbeingbitbytherabbit.完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)JohnCowhas/hadbeenbit

bytherabbit.被動(dòng)是將[主題焦點(diǎn)]放在[被處置、受影響]的一方主動(dòng)/被動(dòng)的選擇，基本上是對(duì)于[主題焦點(diǎn)]的考量。一般說(shuō)話或?qū)懽?，大多使用主?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因人很自然會(huì)以[主動(dòng)做事]的一方為切入點(diǎn)來(lái)描述事件的發(fā)生。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)=動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Johnbrokethewindow.Jerrybuiltthehouse.Thepolicesentthethieftothejail.Tomateanapple.被動(dòng)是將[主題焦點(diǎn)]放在[被處置、受影響]的一方被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)將焦點(diǎn)放在[被處置、受影響]的一方。在此情況下，[動(dòng)作的承受者]的重要性高于[動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者]，且[動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者]可以省略。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)=動(dòng)作的承受者Thewindowwasbroken.Thehousewasbuiltin1990.Thethiefwassenttothejail.Anapplewaseaten.語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者)(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作承受者)二、被動(dòng)的結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：

“be”+done(過(guò)去分詞)

be有時(shí)態(tài)的變化一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)am/is/arebedoneam/is/aredone巧記“公式”：一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)was/werebedonewas/weredone一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)willbebedonebegoingtobe bedonewillbedonebegoingtobedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)am/isaredoingbedoneam/is/arebeingdone過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)was/weredoingbedonewas/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)have/hasdonebedonehave/hasbeendone過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)haddone bedonehadbeendone含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)can/should/will/must/may+dobedone情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedone被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(bedone)的時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞am/is/are＋donewas/were＋donewill＋bedone/begoingtobedoneam/is/are＋beingdonewas/were＋beingdonehave/has＋beendonecan/may/must＋bedoneSnowballeatsacarrot.AcarrotiseatenbySnowball.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)：am/is/are+done.說(shuō)出以下情景的被動(dòng)句*eat-ate-eatenSnowballateacarrotjustnow.AcarrotwaseatenjustnowbySnowball.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)：was/were+done.*eat-ate-eatenSnowballwilleatacarrot2hourslater.Acarrotwillbeeaten2hourslaterbySnowball.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)：will+bedone. /begoingto+bedone*eat-ate-eatenSnowballiseatingacarrotnow.AcarrotisbeingeatennowbySnowball.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)：am/is/are+beingdone.*eat-ate-eatenSnowballhaseatenacarrot.AcarrothasbeeneatenbySnowball.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)：have/has+beendone.*eat-ate-eatenSnowballcaneatacarrot.AcarrotcanbeeatenbySnowball.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedone.*eat-ate-eaten三、被動(dòng)的用法1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主要用法：(1)不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)Hewaskilledinanaccident.→只知道發(fā)生了這件事，但不知道確切的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。(2)沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Thebookwaspublishedin2005.→如果沒(méi)有特殊情況，書必然是出版社出版的。1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主要用法：(3)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)和突出動(dòng)作的承受者Thewindowisbroken.→強(qiáng)調(diào)窗戶壞了。亦可用于推卸責(zé)任，事情的真相有可能是：[窗戶被Zip打破了]，但這個(gè)句子做出部分描述，另一部分信息被隱藏了。(4)主語(yǔ)是物Manyflowersarewatered.Basketballisplayed.2.不用被動(dòng)的情況練一練：()①StinkyTofu(臭豆腐)smellsterrible,butit

good.A.

tastes

B.

istastedC.

tasted

D.

wastasted()②ThisEnglishbook,togetherwithitslisteningmaterial,______well.A.sells B.issold C.sell D.aresold③Somemoney_____________(give)tohimbyhismotheryesterday.④

Aterribleaccident

_____________(happen)tohimyesterday.AwasgivenhappenedA3.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)give,send,take,get,offer等加介詞to；buy,make,find,get,provide等加介詞for.(1)雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)：如果變指物體的賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)，那指人的賓語(yǔ)前要加介詞to/for。練一練：1.Wegavehimsomeflowers.（變被動(dòng)句）2.Mickyboughtagiftforme.（變被動(dòng)句）→____________________________________.（物賓作主語(yǔ)）→____________________________________.（人賓作主語(yǔ)）SomeflowersweregiventohimHewasgivensomeflowersbyus.→____________________________________.（物賓作主語(yǔ)）→____________________________________.（人賓作主語(yǔ)）AgiftwasboughtformebyMickyIwasboughtagiftbyMicky3.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)hear/see

sb.dosth.→beheard/seentodosth.make/let/findsb.dosth.→bemade/let/foundtodosth.(2)省略to的不定式，在被動(dòng)中要還原to。常見(jiàn)的詞組有hear/seesb.dosth.,

make/let/findsb.dosth.等。經(jīng)典例句：TheysawCaylaplaytheviolinjustnow.→Caylawasseentoplaytheviolinjustnow(bythem).練一練：1.Thebossmakestheworkersworkforalongtime.（變被動(dòng)句）2.Welettheboystandoutside.（變被動(dòng)句）→Theboy__________________outside(byus).→Theworkers__________________foralongtime.aremadetoworkis/waslettostand3.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)e.gTheytakegoodcareofthesechildren.→Thesechildrenaretakengoodcareof(bythem).(3)短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，其后的介詞與副詞不可丟掉。練習(xí)：Weshouldmakefulluseofthegoodchance.→Thegoodchanceshouldbemade___________________.fulluseof4.Itbe+過(guò)去分詞+that從句綜合練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇(

)1.(2019·廣東)ItissaidthatoneGreaterBayAreauniversity_____inGuangdonginthefuture.A.willbebuilt

B.build C.willbuild

D.isbuilt(

)2.(2018·廣東)ManyshopsinChina_____toshutdownasanewlawagainstivory

tradecameintoeffectonJanuary1st,2018.A.willbebuilt

B.didn’torder

C.wereordered

D.weren’tordered(

)3.(2017·廣東)Thewaitertoldmethatfreeparking_____forthehotelguests.

B.provided C.willbeprovided

D.wasprovided(

)4.(2016·廣東)HeJing_____togiveaspeechatthegraduationceremonyatHarvardUniversitylastmonth.A.invites B.invited C.isinvited D.wasinvited(

)5.(2015·廣東)---HaveyouheardofthesongLittleApple?---Yes.It_____everymorningwhenagedpeopledosquaredancingdownstairs.A.isplayed B.plays C.wasplayed D.playedACDDA(

)6.(2014·廣東)AlthoughFlightMH370hasbeenmissingformonths,Idobelieveit_____somedayinthefuture.A.willfind

B.won’tfind C.willbefound

D.won’tbefound(

)7.(2014·廣東)It_____lastweekthatthehaze(霧霾)inBeijingcausedmanyproblems.A.reports B.reported C.isreported D.wasreported(

)8.(2012·廣東)Hotwater_____inthestudents’flatsfrom5p.m.to7p.m.now.A.supplies B.issupplied C.supplied D.wassupplied(

)9.(2011·廣東)Peoplewhodrinkwine_____todrive.A.don’tallow B.isn’tallowed C.mustn’tallow D.mustn’tbeallowed(

)10.(2010·廣東)The16thAsianGames_____inGuangzhouinNovember,2010.A.holds B.willhold C.washeld D.willbeheldCDBDD二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1.It’ssaidthatthelongbridge___________(build)intwomonths.2.Wh