Increasing Livestock Production through Low-Input Intervention A 增加牲畜生產(chǎn)的低投入的干預(yù)

IncreasingLivestockProductionthroughLow-InputIntervention: AParadigmShiftinthe MilkProductionSysteminSriLankaResourceallocationbyfarmers–Livestock getsthelastpriorityTraditionallyusedlow-inputanimals.Livestockoutput–MultifacetedNaturalasset–astoreofwealthDraughtOrganicfertilizerFood–highqualityproteinEmployment–incomegeneration

ConvertedtheextensivemultifacetedLow-output

ToHigh-input–Milkcentered productionsystem

Exoticbreedsselectedformilk

productionandrearedintemperate climateswereintroduced

Result:Crossbredpopulation:30% DifferentbloodlevelsIntroductionSmallherdsOnetofivecows–low-input,50%population,mostlyindigenoustypesOnetofivecows–Low/high-input,crossbred–B.indicuswithIndigenous),5-10%ofthepopulationOneto10cows–Highinput,crossbred(Over50%B.taurus),20-25%ofthepopulation.Largeherds–Low-input,Indigenoustypes,20%ofthepopulation.Farmherds–High-input,Pureandcrossbred

Introduction Contd… HighInputsforcowproducingover10litersofmilkHighqualitygrassandConcentratefeedWater:500literswater/dayDrinking Washing Grassproduction GrainproductionLand

Grassandgrains

GUIDETOFEEDINGCONCENTRATES(350-400kgCow)IntroductionIntroduction Contd… High-inputmilkproductiondemandsbetterqualitygrasses,concentratefeed,moredrugsandbettermanagementskillsLandlimitation–conflictsWaterlimitation–conflictsImportedinputpricesFertilizerDrugsandchemicalsDiseasecontrolBreedingandselectionprogramsIntroduction Contd…Inthecontextofcurrentcrisissituation,profitmarginsfromsuchmilkproductionmaydeclineHighinputcost,staticyieldsandlowturnoverhasresultedinreducedcapitalinflowintodairyindustryButthissituationisonlytruetothehigh-inputsystemofcattleindustryObjectivesToincreaseproductionthroughlow-inputinterventioninlargeandsmallherdsystemMaterialsandmethodsPopulationsSmallherds,High-input,1to5cows,crossbred(20-25%ofpopulation),Madatugama-KekirawaLargeherds,Low-input,indigenoustype–(20%ofpopulation),Lunugamwehera-HambantotaNumberSmallherd–71cowsfrom47farmersLargeherd–45cowsfrom12farmersMaterialsandmethods

Contd…

Intervention-SmallherdExistingsystemMorningmilking,feedandwaterofferedTetheringLunchtimewateroffered,mayormaynotchangeplaceEveningtakenhome,waterprovided,majoritycasesnonightfeedingMaterialsandmethods

Contd…Intervention-SmallherdLow-inputinterventions–InadditiontotheexistingsystemWaterofferedaround10.00am,changeofplaceExtraonemeteraddedtotheropeWaterofferedaround2.30pm,changeofplaceEveningmilkingNightfeedingwithwaterMaterialsandmethods

Contd…Intervention-LargeherdExistingsystemMilkedinthemorningataround7.00amWholeherdtakenouttograzingaround5kmperday–aftermilkingisoverHerdedbackintheevening–4to5pmMaterialsandmethods

Contd…Intervention-LargeherdLow-inputinterventions–inadditiontotheexistingsystemRetainpregnantandmilkingcowsandstallfeedRetaincalvesbelowoneyearandstallfeedUsedungforgrasscultivation.Watersupplytoretainedanimals.EveningmilkingMethodology

DescriptiveStatisticsRegressionAnalysis

RegressionModel

Yi=β0+β1Xi1+β2Xi2+β3Xi3+β4Xi4

+Ui

Y =ChangingMilkProduction(Liters)

X1

=ChangingFeedArea(m2)

X2 = 1Intensive 0Extensive X3 =WaterTreatment(Liters)X4 =BodyWeightResults

DescriptiveStatistics

Results Contd…

Results Contd…

RegressionAnalysis

Smallherd

R20.572F-Statistics21.758***VariableCoefficientStd.Errort-Statistics0.040*0.02171.8550.325**0.13802.3580.012**0.00552.2530.0020.00710.627

C0.4820.33741.430X1X2X3X4*10%significantlevel**5%significantlevel***1%significantlevelResults Contd…

RegressionAnalysis

Largeherd

R20.645F-Statistics18.152***VariableCoefficientStd.Errort-Statistics6.456**

2.6362.44869.758*40.5161.7214.753**2.1822.178-0.0830.164-0.508C-128.79109.70-1.174X1X2X3X4*10%significantlevel**5%significantlevel***1%significantlevelResults Contd…

RegressionResultWatertreatmentandincreasingfeedareabeingtheimportantvariablewithPositivelyandsignificantlyaffectingmilkproductioninbothformsTherearePositivelyandsignificantlyrelationshipbetweenmilkproductionandincreasingfeedareaandwatertreatmentWhenincreasefeedareain1m2,thentheaveragemilkproductionincreaseby0.4%insmallherdsand6.45%inlargeherdsTheseindependentvariablesexplained57%and64%oftheoverallchangesinthemilkproductionofsmallandlargeherdsrespectivelyDiscussionThisinterventionwillresultinIncreaseinthenumberofmilkingcowsduetolongerlactationperiodsIncreaseinmilkproductionduetoenhancednutritionReductionofreplacementpopulationduetofastergrowthincalvesandattainingearliersexualmaturityReductionofnon-producingpopulationwillincreaseavailabilityofgrasstoproducinganimals.Discussion

Contd…Censusandstatistics(2003)indicated

only238,610cowsor19.5%ofthetotalpopulationisinmilkInthispopulation295,380cowsor24.2%aredrycowsand220,550cowsor18.0%notmilked.Nationalaveragemilkproductionpercowis1.975liters,producing471,255litersperday.Discussion

Contd…Milkingpopulationincreasedto25%or305,747,andMilkproductionpercowperdayto2.390litersThroughsuchinterventionscanincreasemilkproducti