高考閱讀理解解題指導

高考閱讀理解解題指導

高考考綱規(guī)定，閱讀理解部分要求考生能讀懂公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段?？忌鷳埽海?）理解主旨和要義；（2）理解文中具體信息；（3）根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；（4）作出簡單判斷和推理；（5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；（6）理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。下面主要講我們在最后階段應如何快速提高解答閱讀理解題的準確率和速度。一、先題后文，忌一概精讀先看題目，再讀文章——這種方法看似簡單，卻可以給考生節(jié)約很多寶貴的時間。該方法適用于所有體裁的閱讀理解文章，尤其適用于應用文。因為閱讀理解測試不僅考查受試者的精讀能力，還考查略讀和跳讀能力，而應用文是最適合考查略讀和跳讀能力的體裁。例：（2017全國I卷A篇，保留原題題號，下同）PacificScienceCenterGuide◆VisitPacificScienceCenter'sStoreDon'tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter'sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.◆Hungry?Ourexhibits...◆RentalInformationLockersareavailable...◆SupportPacificScienceCenterSince...bringsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.It'sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.VisittofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.21.WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?A.InBuilding1.B.InBuilding3.C.AttheLaserDome.D.AttheDennyWayentrance.22.WhatdoesPacificScienceCenterdoforschools? A.Trainscienceteachers. B.Distributesciencebooks. C.Inspirescientificresearch. D.Takesciencetotheclassroom.23.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext? A.Toencouragedonations. B.Toadvertisecomingevents. C.Tointroducespecialexhibits. D.TotellabouttheCenter'shistory.

本文是應用文。文章是太平洋科學中心的參觀指南。答案依次是B、D、A。通過瀏覽題目不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，三道題均為細節(jié)理解題。再閱讀文章可知，三道題都是只需要閱讀小標題及個別信息就可以找到答案。也就是通過先看題目，再讀文章，利用跳讀的方法，只需讀幾十詞（而不是全文220余詞）就可以快速且正確作答。二、順序?qū)ふ掖鸢妇€索，特殊情況除外通常一篇閱讀理解的數(shù)個題目的答案線索在文中是按先后順序出現(xiàn)的，特殊情況除外。例如，主旨大意題、標題歸納題、文章出處題、寫作目的題等題目是建立在文章全部內(nèi)容之上的，通常放在最后或最前面，解答這些題目的明顯依據(jù)視文章具體情況而定。因此，答題時要避免做每一道題都盲目地從頭到尾找線索，而應在上一道題的答案線索下面找本道題的答案線索。這樣在做題過程中可以節(jié)約不少時間。

從上文所舉的例子（2017全國I卷A篇）來看，三道題的答案線索依次出現(xiàn)在第一段、最后一段前半部分、最后一段后半部分。我們再舉一個例子。例：（2017全國I卷B篇）

IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife...Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(貓頭鷹)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl...Iexaminedthechick(雛鳥)anditseemedfine...Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound...Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents...toseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall...Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall—LUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.24.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor'srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Efforts

made

in

vain. B.Getting

injured

in

his

work. C.Feeling

uncertain

about

his

future. D.Creatures

forced

out

of

their

homes.25.Why

was

the

author

called

to

Muttontown? A.To

rescue

a

woman. B.To

take

care

of

a

woman. C.To

look

at

a

baby

owl. D.To

cure

a

young

owl.26.What

made

the

chick

calm

down?A.A

new

nest. B.Some

food.C.A

recording. D.Its

parents.27.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent? A.It's

unexpected. B.

It's

beautiful. C.

It's

humorous. D.

It's

discouraging.

本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了作者救助一只貓頭鷹幼雛的經(jīng)歷。選文是文章每段中的部分內(nèi)容。答案依次是A、C、A、B。第24、25、26題是細節(jié)理解題；第27題是推理判斷題。四道題的答案線索依次出現(xiàn)在第一、二、四、六段。三、仔細閱讀題干，排除干擾項通常閱讀理解的選項均與文章中的信息相關(guān)：正確選項是對原文部分內(nèi)容的同義重復或者總結(jié)引申；干擾項有的會在原文中全部或部分出現(xiàn)，有的是對文章部分信息斷章取義的結(jié)果，有的則是對原文信息的錯誤聯(lián)想。很多同學不仔細閱讀題干，僅憑某一選項在文章中出現(xiàn)過就選為答案的做法往往使自己中了命題人的圈套，是非常不可取的。例：（2017全國II卷B篇）

IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon'tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers....24.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst? A.PaulNewmanwantedit. B.Thestudiopowersdidn'tlikehisagent. C.Hewasn'tfamousenough. D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.

本文是記敘文。文章講述了作者和一位名演員PaulNewman之間的友誼。選文是文章第一段的內(nèi)容。答案是