國際貿易實務部分重點

重點單詞：Demurrage滯期費ImportLicense進口許可證MoreorlessClause溢短裝條款LeasingTrade租賃貿易ContainerYard(CY)集裝箱堆場ContainerFreightStation(CFS)集裝箱貨運站TradeDeficit貿易赤字SealedSample封樣OrderB/L指示提單CounterSample對等樣品TelegraphicTransfer(T/T)電匯PartialShipment分批裝運UsanceL/C遠期信用證TimeCharter定期租船AdvisingBank通知行ReceivedforShipmentB/L備運提單Cross-borderE-Commerce跨境電子商務OnBoardB/L已裝船提單FullContainerLoad(FCL)整箱裝Lessthanacontainerload(LCL)拼箱裝DispatchMoney速遣費TradeTerm貿易術語FavourableBalanceofTrade貿易順差StaleB/L過期提單AdvancedB/L預借提單Transshipment轉運DemonstrativeEndorsement指示性背書C-concludedPrice含傭價ForceMajeure不可抗力Counter-offer還盤FoulB/L不清潔提單F.P.A(FreefromParticularAverage)平安險W.P.A(WithParticularAverage)水漬險A.R(AllRisk)一切險GrossforNet以毛作凈NeutralPacking中性包裝BreachofContract違反合同TheoreticalWeight理論重量ConditionedWeight公量TheInsured被保險人1、托收的優(yōu)缺點(collection)Advantages:(1)Itfacilitatestheimportertogetfinancing.(2)Theexpensesarelow.Disadvantages:Iftheimportergoesbankruptorisnotinapositiontopaythedebts,thentheexporterwillfacetheriskofnon-paymentorlatepaymentbytheimporterbecausethebankwillnothaveobligationstotakecareofthegoods.2、分批裝運的定義和理由(PartialShipment)定義:Itmeansthegoodsunderthecontractshallbeshippedatdifferenttimeordifferentlotsincaseofanexportbusinesscoveringalargeamountofgoods.原因:Itisdonebecauseofthelimitationofshippingspaceavailable,poorunloadingfacilitiesattheportofdestination,dullmarketseason,orpossibledelayintheprocessofmanufacturingofthegood.3、轉運的定義和理由（Transshipment）定義：Inoceanshipping,isthemovementofgoodsintransitfromonecarriertoanotherattheportsoftransshipmentbeforethegoodsreachtheportofdestination.理由：Transshipmentisnecessarywhenshipssailingdirecttotheportofdestinationarenotavailable,theportofdestinationdoesnottiealongthesailingrouteoftheliner,ortheamountofcargoforacertainportofdestinationissosmallthatnoshipswouldliketocallatthatport.4、提單的定義和種類（BillofLading）定義：Itisadocumentsignedbyacarrier(atransporterofgoods)orthecarrier’srepresentativeandissuedtoaconsignor(theshipperofgoods).Itisalsoareceiptfromtheshippingcompany,givingdetailofaparticularshipment.種類：1)Accordingtowhetherthegoodshavebeenloadedonboardthevessel,theB/Lisdividedinto:已裝船提單（Shipped/OnBoardB/L）備運提單（ReceivedforShippingB/L）2）Accordingtowhethertherearenotesonthebilloflading,itfallsintotwokinds:清潔提單CleanB/L不清潔提單Unclean/FoulB/LAccordingtowhethertheB/Listransferable,itisdividedinto3kinds:Straight;Bearer;OrderB/L記名提單（StraightB/L）不記名提單（BearerB/L）指示提單（OrderB/L)4)Accordingtothemodesoftransport,itcanbedividedinto3kinds:Direct;transshipment;throughB/L直達提單（DirectB/L）轉船提單（transshipmentB/L）聯(lián)運提單（throughB/L）5)AccordingtotheissuingdateofB/L,itcanbedividedinto3kinds:Stale;Anti-dated;AdvancedB/L過期提單(StaleB／L)倒簽提單(Anti-datedB／L)預借提單(AdvancedB/L)6）按提單的使用效力正本提單(originalB/L)副本提單(copyB/L)7）Accordingtothetimeforpaymentoffreight,itcanbedividedintotwotypes.FreightprepaidB/L(運費預付提單)FreighttobecollectedB/L(運費到付提單)5、海運的優(yōu)缺點Advantages:1.Easypassage2.Oceantransporthasalargecapacity3.Becauseofsuchlargecapacity,theunitdistributioncostisreduced4.Goodadaptabilitytocargoesofdifferentsize,weight,shape,etc.Disadvantages:1.Slowpassage2.Vulnerabletobadweatherandlesspunctual6、基本險和附加險的分類和定義BasicInsuranceCoverage：F.P.A,W.P.A,A.RAdditionalInsuranceCoverage：GeneralAdditionalRisks,SpecialAdditionalRisk7、發(fā)盤的撤回、撤銷和有效期的定義發(fā)盤撤回：Thewithdrawalofanofferreferstothefactthatbeforetheofferreachestheofferee,whichistosaybeforeitbeginstocomeintoeffect,theofferorwithdrawsit.發(fā)盤撤銷：Therevocationofanofferreferstothefactthatwhentheofferreachestheofferee,thatistosayitbeginstocomeintoeffect,theofferorrevokestheoffer.有效期：Thetimevalidityordurationofanofferreferstothebindingtimeoftheofferorovertheofferee,whichisthetimefortheoffereetoaccept.8、嘜頭的內容ShippingMarks：Itisusuallymadeupofgeometricaldiagrams,letters,figuresandsimplewords.Thecontentsofshippingmarksareasfollows:---Consignee’scode:---ReferenceNo.---Destination---Packagenumber9、跨境電商物流的種類1)Internationalexpress2)Postalparcel3)Overseaswarehouse4)Multinationalbusinessofdomesticexpress5)Speciallinelogistics10、發(fā)盤的有效期以及有效期發(fā)盤的條件條件：①Therewillbespecifiedofferee.②Allthecontentsintheoffershouldbeveryclear.③Intheofferthebindingsofthetransactionforbothpartiesshouldbeclearlyexpressed.④Theoffereeshouldreceivetheofferwithinitsvalidity.11、不可抗力的定義和特點定義:Forcemajeuremeansthatthefrustrationofthecontractbythepartyinquestionresultsfromnaturalorsocialforcesincludingflood,earthquake,typhoon,fire,warandgovernment,orbegivenanoptionofprolongingtheperformanceofthecontractowingtotheabove-mentionedeventorseriesofevents.特點：①Externality②Unforeseeability③Unavoidability12、質量機動幅度的定義和種類定義：QualityLatitudeflexibleallowancereferstotheflexibilityforthosespecificqualityindicationsinacertainrange.種類:QualityLatitudeA.SpecificationofrangeB.SpecificationoflimitationC.Specificationofmoreorless13、匯票的當事人出票人drawer受票人drawee收款人payee14、匯票的流程①Todraw②Presentation③Acceptance④Payment⑤Endorsement15、信用證的優(yōu)缺點優(yōu)點：Both