第一講句子成分與分析

**第一講句子成分與分析一、句子成分英語(yǔ)的句子成分主要有六種：即主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。（可以熟記為：主謂賓，定狀補(bǔ)）除了這六種主要成分之外，還有“表語(yǔ)”和“同位語(yǔ)”的說(shuō)法。但表語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)，因此劃分成分時(shí)，劃分在謂語(yǔ)上。同位語(yǔ)分為主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)，屬于主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的一部分。1、主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)表示的是句子中說(shuō)的是“什么人”或“什么事”，通常放在句首。充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等。WestudyinNO.1MiddleSchool（我們?cè)谝恢袑W(xué)習(xí)）感謝閱讀（講述“誰(shuí)”）Theclassroomisveryclean.（這間教室非常干凈感謝閱讀（講述“什么”））Threewereabsent.（三個(gè)人缺席。）（數(shù)詞做主語(yǔ)）感謝閱讀ToteachthemEnglishismyjob.（教他們英語(yǔ)是精品文檔放心下載我的工作。）（不定式做主語(yǔ)）不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用形式主語(yǔ)it引出的句型，因此上句可以變?yōu)椋壕肺臋n放心下載**ItismyjobtoteachthemEnglish.其真正的主語(yǔ)感謝閱讀toteachthemEnglish.操練1：請(qǐng)指出下列句中的主語(yǔ)。Theteacherwithtwoofherstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.感謝閱讀Thereisabirdflyinginthesky.精品文檔放心下載Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.謝謝閱讀2、謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。精品文檔放心下載謂語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)部分里主要的詞）必須用動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)兩方面必須保持一致。它的位置一般在主語(yǔ)之后。Heisagoodstudent(他是一名好學(xué)生。)（系動(dòng)感謝閱讀詞和表語(yǔ)一起做謂語(yǔ)）Hisparentsaredoctors.(他的父母親都是醫(yī)生。)感謝閱讀（系動(dòng)詞和表語(yǔ)一起做謂語(yǔ)）Shelookswell(她看起來(lái)氣色很好。)（系動(dòng)詞和表謝謝閱讀語(yǔ)一起做謂語(yǔ)）.Westudyhard（.我們努力學(xué)習(xí)。）（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）謝謝閱讀**JustinhasbeentoChinatwice.(賈斯汀去過(guò)中國(guó)兩謝謝閱讀次。)（助動(dòng)詞和be動(dòng)詞一起做謂語(yǔ)）Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.(我們已經(jīng)看精品文檔放心下載完了這本書(shū)。)（助動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)）Youmustgotobedearlier.(你必須早一點(diǎn)兒睡覺(jué)。)感謝閱讀（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)）操練2： 請(qǐng)選出下列句中的謂語(yǔ)。Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.感謝閱讀Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?感謝閱讀WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.精品文檔放心下載3、賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象。它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”，位于謂語(yǔ)之后。賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。賓語(yǔ)也分為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)。Sheisplayingthepianonow（她正在彈鋼琴。）（名感謝閱讀詞作賓語(yǔ)）Heoftenhelpsme(他經(jīng)常幫助我)（代詞作賓語(yǔ)）謝謝閱讀Helikestosleepintheopenair（.他喜歡在露天睡精品文檔放心下載覺(jué)）（不定式作賓語(yǔ)）**WeenjoylivinginChina（.我們喜歡住在中國(guó)。）（動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)）感謝閱讀操練3：請(qǐng)?zhí)舫鱿铝芯渲械馁e語(yǔ)。Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.精品文檔放心下載PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.謝謝閱讀Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlast謝謝閱讀class?②分析句子：Thesungivesuslightandwarmth.（us為間接賓語(yǔ)，lightandwarmth為直接賓語(yǔ)）精品文檔放心下載1、間接賓語(yǔ)多指人，直接賓語(yǔ)多指物?？梢詭蓚€(gè)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。間接賓語(yǔ)一般放在直接賓語(yǔ)的前面。精品文檔放心下載2、如果強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語(yǔ)，可把直接賓語(yǔ)放在間接賓語(yǔ)的前面，但間接賓語(yǔ)前須加介詞“to”或“for”。接to的動(dòng)詞有：give,bring,pass,lend,sell,send,show,tell,write等。謝謝閱讀Giveyourmothertheletter.＝Givetheletter（直接賓語(yǔ)）toyourmother（間接賓語(yǔ).）感謝閱讀（接for的動(dòng)詞有：buy,find,cook,draw,get,sing感謝閱讀**等。）Canyoufindmemybag?＝Canyoufind my謝謝閱讀bag（直接賓語(yǔ)）for me（間接賓語(yǔ)）?(這正是：人前物后看清楚，換位要加for或to。)精品文檔放心下載操練4：請(qǐng)劃出下列句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewcomputerformelast感謝閱讀week.Mr.Brownisgoingtoteachuschemistrynext謝謝閱讀term.4、定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用“……的”表示。定語(yǔ)通常位于被修飾的成分前。謝謝閱讀Heisacleverboy.（形容詞作定語(yǔ)）感謝閱讀Hisfatherworksinasteelwork（.名詞作定語(yǔ)）精品文檔放心下載Thereare54studentsinourclass.（數(shù)詞）謝謝閱讀Doyouknownbetty’ssister?（名詞所有格）精品文檔放心下載Heboughtsomesleepingpills.（現(xiàn)代分詞）謝謝閱讀**Hisspokenlanguageisgood.（過(guò)去分詞）謝謝閱讀操練5：請(qǐng)劃出下列句中的定語(yǔ)。Whatisyourfamilyname?TheboyinblueisTom.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.精品文檔放心下載Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.精品文檔放心下載5、狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫作狀語(yǔ)。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義。謝謝閱讀Hewritescarefully.Hewalksslowly.(認(rèn)真地寫(xiě)，慢慢地走，修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞，作狀語(yǔ))Thismaterialisenvironmentallyfriendly.（修飾形容詞用副詞，作狀語(yǔ)）Herunsveryslowly.謝謝閱讀（修飾副詞slowly,因此very是副詞，作狀語(yǔ)）精品文檔放心下載Unfortunately,helostallofhismoney.感謝閱讀（修飾整個(gè)句子用副詞，作狀語(yǔ)）操練6：請(qǐng)劃出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)。**Everynighthepracticesplayingthepiano.感謝閱讀Wemustworkhardtopasstheexam.謝謝閱讀Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.精品文檔放心下載6、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在一般認(rèn)為，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主要與英語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞有關(guān)。這個(gè)問(wèn)題分兩點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)明。1、英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，不但會(huì)涉及到一個(gè)對(duì)象(賓語(yǔ))，還會(huì)使賓語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生一種結(jié)果。動(dòng)詞引發(fā)賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)果就是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。精品文檔放心下載例如：①WecallhimLittleTom.(稱(chēng)呼的對(duì)象是him,稱(chēng)呼的結(jié)果是LittleTom.LittleTom就是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。)謝謝閱讀Ifindsmokingbadforhealth.(find的對(duì)象是smoking,結(jié)論是badforhealth.)謝謝閱讀2、英語(yǔ)中表示看、聽(tīng)之類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞，不僅看到一個(gè)人(賓語(yǔ))，還會(huì)看到他在做什么事。賓語(yǔ)所做的事也是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：謝謝閱讀Isawabirdinacage.(看到小鳥(niǎo)在籠子里，“在謝謝閱讀**籠子里”是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。)Weheardhersingingasong.(聽(tīng)到她在唱歌，謝謝閱讀“在唱歌”是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。)（這一類(lèi)帶賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有：see,hear,notice,watch,feel,observe等。）感謝閱讀操練7：請(qǐng)找出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。WecallherLilysometimes.謝謝閱讀IsawJerrygetonthebus.感謝閱讀7、表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。一般由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。表語(yǔ)多是形容詞，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。謝謝閱讀Eg：Iamateacher.(系動(dòng)詞am+表語(yǔ)ateacher)Theyareontheplaygroundnow.(系動(dòng)詞are+表感謝閱讀ontheplayground.)Itsoundsinteresting.(sound為系動(dòng)詞，interesting為表語(yǔ))精品文檔放心下載操練8：請(qǐng)劃出下列句中的表語(yǔ)。1.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.謝謝閱讀**Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.謝謝閱讀Theoldmanisfeelingbetternow.精品文檔放心下載Thekidsarereallyinterestedinjoiningthechessclub.精品文檔放心下載8、同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)是在名詞或代詞之后,對(duì)其作進(jìn)一步解釋或說(shuō)明，在語(yǔ)法上處于同等地位。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、和從句等均可作同位語(yǔ)。如：謝謝閱讀Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(students是we的同位語(yǔ)，都是指同一批‘學(xué)生’）感謝閱讀Weallarestudents.(all是we的同位語(yǔ)，都指同樣的‘我們’）感謝閱讀Thenewsthatwe’rehavingaholidaytomorrowistrue.（從句作同位語(yǔ)）精品文檔放心下載**隨堂測(cè)驗(yàn)(一).指出下列句子中主語(yǔ)的中心詞Thestudentwithabookiswalkingintotheclassroom.精品文檔放心下載Thereisanoldmancominghere.感謝閱讀Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlast謝謝閱讀year.Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.精品文檔放心下載(二)選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.精品文檔放心下載A.don'tB.likeC.picturewall精品文檔放心下載

D.**Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.精品文檔放心下載A.get B.longer C.days D.感謝閱讀summerDoyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?謝謝閱讀A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus精品文檔放心下載Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.感謝閱讀A.willbe B.meeting C.thelibrary D.感謝閱讀afternoonTomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.感謝閱讀A.Tom B.didn't C.do D.his感謝閱讀homework(三)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)Mymotherisdoinghousework.感謝閱讀②Ilikeplayingfootballwithyou.謝謝閱讀Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.感謝閱讀Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?精品文檔放心下載Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?謝謝閱讀(四)劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.感謝閱讀**MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.感謝閱讀Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.謝謝閱讀Didheleaveanymessageforme?感謝閱讀(五)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.謝謝閱讀Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.感謝閱讀IsawMrWanggetonthebus.精品文檔放心下載DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?感謝閱讀(六)挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.感謝閱讀Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.精品文檔放心下載SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.精品文檔放心下載(七)挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.感謝閱讀Whatisyourgivenname?Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.精品文檔放心下載(八)挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)**Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.謝謝閱讀HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.謝謝閱讀③Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurried精品文檔放心下載off.④ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheother精品文檔放心下載machine.（九）指出下列句子中劃線(xiàn)部分的句子成分：1.Whetherwe’llgodependontheweather.謝謝閱讀People’sstandardsoflivingaregoingupsteadily.精品文檔放心下載Thatwashowtheyweredefeated.感謝閱讀4.Thenurserytakesgoodcareofourchildren.感謝閱讀5.I’llreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.精品文檔放心下載6.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishisother.感謝閱讀7.TherearemanyfilmthatI’dliketosee.感謝閱讀（十）單項(xiàng)填空1___sixyearssinceIbegantostudyEnglish.A.ItisB.IhavebeenC.ThereareD.Itwas2It’sverynoisyoutside.___isgoingon?A.WhoB.WhatC.WhichD.Where3Theremustbe____nearthefactory.A.abookstoreB.bookstoreC.booksstoreD.**booksstoresThedoctoraswellasthenurses___greatconcernforthepatients.精品文檔放心下載A.show B.shows C.haveshown D.謝謝閱讀areshowing5 Yoursonmustbeacleverboy,___he?謝謝閱讀A.is B.isn't C.must D.mustn't6 Thecomputercenter,___lastyear,isverypopular謝謝閱讀amongstudentsin thisschool.謝謝閱讀A.open B.opening C.opened D.精品文檔放心下載beingopened7I___gototheshoptoday,forthereisalotoffoodat精品文檔放心下載home.A.mustn't B.hadto C.can't D.謝謝閱讀needn't8Thisroom___everymorning.精品文檔放心下載A.iscleaning B.iscleaned C.cleans D.謝謝閱讀cleaning9 Gladtomeetyou!___isyourfullname?謝謝閱讀A.What B.Where C.How D.謝謝閱讀Who**10Heis___tolifttheheavybox.A.tooweakB.weaktooC.enoughweakD.weakenough11Thedaysare___warmerandwarmerinspring.A.gettingB.lookingC.seemingD.going12Hisjobis____English.A.teachB.toteachC.taughtD.teaches13Weshouldgetready___others.A.helpingB.tohelpC.helpD.helpwith14Let____doitagain.A.IB.meC.heD.she15 Ifound___difficulttoworktogetherwithhim.謝謝閱讀A.it B.its C.that D.those答案操練1：請(qǐng)指出下列句中的主語(yǔ)。**Theteacherwithtwoofherstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.精品文檔放心下載Thereisabirdflyinginthesky.謝謝閱讀Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.謝謝閱讀操練2： 請(qǐng)選出下列句中的謂語(yǔ)。Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.感謝閱讀Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?謝謝閱讀WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.謝謝閱讀操練3：請(qǐng)?zhí)舫鱿铝芯渲械馁e語(yǔ)。1.Mymotherisdoinghousework.感謝閱讀2.Ilikeplayingfootballwithyou.精品文檔放心下載3.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?感謝閱讀操練4：請(qǐng)劃出下列句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewcomputerformelastweek.精品文檔放心下載Mr.Brownisgoingtoteachuschemistrynextterm.感謝閱讀操練5：請(qǐng)劃出下列句中的定語(yǔ)。Whatisyourfamilyname?TheboyinblueisTom.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.感謝閱讀Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.謝謝閱讀操練6：請(qǐng)劃出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)。**Everynighthepracticesplayingthepiano.感謝閱讀Wemustworkhardtopasstheexam.感謝閱讀Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.謝謝閱讀操練7：請(qǐng)找出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。WecallherLilysometimes.精品文檔放心下載IsawJerrygetonthebus.感謝閱讀操練8：請(qǐng)劃出下列句中的表語(yǔ)。1.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.謝謝閱讀Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.精品文檔放心下載Theoldmanisfeelingbetternow.感謝閱讀Thekidsarereallyinterestedinjoiningthechessclub.精品文檔放心下載當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)(一).指出下列句子中主語(yǔ)的中心詞Thestudentwithabookiswalkingintotheclassroom.謝謝閱讀Thereisanoldmancominghere.感謝閱讀Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.精品文檔放心下載Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.謝謝閱讀(二)選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞 BACAC(三)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.謝謝閱讀PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.謝謝閱讀**Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.精品文檔放心下載Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?精品文檔放心下載Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?(四)劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)謝謝閱讀Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.精品文檔放心下載MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.感謝閱讀Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.精品文檔放心下載Didheleaveanymessageforme?(五)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)精品文檔放心下載Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapers