SAT模擬考試試題8(含答案)

SAT?PracticeTest#8(This(Thiscoverisrepresentativeofwhatyou’llseeontestRequeststocancelscoresmustbeinwritingbytheWednesdayfollowingthetestdate.SharinganyquestionswithanyoneisaoftheSecurityandFairnesspoliciesandmayresultinyourbeingcanceled.A2pencilisrequiredforthetest.Donotuseamechanicalpencilor321REMINDERS:THISTESTBOOKMUSTNOTBEFROMTHEROOM.UNAUTHORIZEDREPRODUCTIONORUSEOFANYOFTHISTESTBOOKISPROHIBITED.?2015TheCollegeBoard.CollegeBoard,SAT,andtheacornlogoareregisteredtrademarksoftheCollegeBoard.Testbeginsonthenextpage.11111111CONTINUE3UnauthorizedCONTINUE3UnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegalCONTINUE10UnauthorizedCONTINUE10Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.Reading65MINUTES,52QUESTIONSTurntoSection1ofyouranswersheettoanswerthequestionsinthissection.DIRECTIONSEachpassageorpairofpassagesbelowisfollowedbyanumberofquestions.Afterreadingeachpassageorchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassageorpassagesandinanyaccompanyinggraphics(suchasatableorgraph).line5

Questions1-10arebasedonthepassage.ThispassageisadaptedfromElsieSingmaster,BasilEverman.Copyright1920byElsieSingmaster.RichardmotherstoodattheheadofthestairsandcalledalittleWhen,abovethesoundofatinklingayoungvoiceanswered,coming!”shereturnedtoherroom,withoutexpecting,thatRichardwouldkeephispromiseatonce.Mrs.ListerlivedonthecampusofCollege,ofwhichherhusbandwaspresident,andfromwhichheronlysonwasbeinggraduatedTheoldhouse,inwhoseexactcenterMrs.ListerstoodwhenshecalledRichard,hadbeenbuiltsixtyyearsearlierforherPresidentRichardEverman,andhaddescendedtohisson-in-lawandsuccessor.Itwasabroad,pleasanthousewithhighceilingsandwithwoodworkofsolidoak.Onesideofthefirstfloorwasdividedintolibraryandsitting-roomandtheotherintodim,longdoubleparlors.Dining-roomandkitchenwereinawingattheback.OnalevelwithMrs.thebedroomsopened,diminthepleasantlightwhichfilteredinthroughbowedshutters.inthethirdstorywereotherbedroomsandalarge,otherwiseemptyatticinwhichstoodthereservoirwhichheldthesupplyofwaterforthehouse.Asalittlegirl,shehadcomewithhertwocompanions,herbrotherBasilandThomasinaDavis,tostealshortpeepsatthetankinwhichtheycouldeasilyhavebeendrowned.Shewastheonlyoneofthethreewhowasreallyafraid.ThomasinainsisteduponrunningboldlyintotheroomandlittleBasilwasfound

afterwardstherealone.desiretoinvestigatewas30alwayskeenerthanhisfearofdanger.Havingwaitedfortenminutes,Mrs.Listernowraisedhervoiceinthreesuccessivecalls.thelastimpatientsummons,thepianoceaseditsmother!”Richardtookthestairwayinfourgreatleaps,35thelastofwhichhismothersteppedasidetoavoid.capandgownarethereonbed,andyoumustchangeyourtieanddoitquickly.”“Theprocessionwillforminonehalf-hour,andtheypossiblybegintillIturnIhavehalfa40mindtobelatesoIcanseeRichardtookthetiefromhishandandstationedhimselfbeforethemirrorinherbedroom.goodbye,alittlemorefaithinmethanyoulook,orImayrushtoyourshoulderalight45touchoflipsonhisbroad,smoothcheek,hewasgone,downthepolishedWhenthescreendoorhadslammed,Mrs.Listersatforawhilequietlybyherbed.wasatsuchtimesasthis,uponholidays,anniversaries,andothergreat50days,thatshethoughtmostofthepast—ofherofherandmostofallofherbrotherBasil.Shethoughtofthemallsittinginherroom.Shecouldhearthelaughterofthefacultyandtheboysandgirlsgatheringfortheprocession;sheknewthatitwastime55forhertobutshecouldnotmove.longagoitallwas!howclosetheywere,especiallyBasil,whohadbeenofallmostvivid,mostbright.movedbyanirresistibleimpulse,sheleftherchairbythewindowandclimbedthestairsinto60thelow-pitchedthirdThereshelaidherhanduponaShedesiredintenselytogoin;thetouchoftheknobrestoredtoheranoldmoodofgrief,thephaseinwhichonefeelsthatseeking,importuning,onemustfind.Basilwashere;hiswide,brightgaze65soughthereyes,assheoftenfancied,withreproach.AlldeadpersonsseemedtoMrs.Listertolooklikethat;herfatherdid,assherememberedsomelittleserviceuntendered,somecommandforgotten.gazewaslikehisyetdifferent.seemedto70reproach,nothisbuthisCreatorforhavinglaidhimbanishinghimfromthesunshinewhenhiscontemporariesstillhadyearsoflifebeforethem.Mrs.Listertookherhandfromtheknobandwentdownthesteps.ThiswasCommencement75Day;itwaswrongtogivehermindfreecourseintheregionwhichinvited.Basilwasatpeace;mustbeatpeace,nothingcoulddisturbhim.wasgonealmostentirelyfromhumanrecollection.She,too,mustforgethim;thatwastheonlywaytolive.Basilwasdeadand80forgotten.

22TheauthorimpliesthatBasilblamedhissisterforhisdeath.wasanoverlycautiouschild.wasadistantmemoryforMrs.experiencedaprematuredeath.33Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines29-30desire…ofLines43-44(“Have…shoulderLines69-72seemed…beforeLines77-78was…recollection.”)11Asusedinline30,“keener”isclosestinmeaningtomoreinsightful.moreintense.morediscerning.

44Inrelationtothepassageasawhole,thedescriptionofthehouseinthefirsttwoparagraphsprimarilyservestodemonstratethemoodbetweenMrs.ListerandRichard.explainthesuccessionoftitleandpropertybetweenfamilymembers.illustratetheextenttowhichMrs.pastandpresentareintertwined.enablethereadertovisualizethemagnificenceandCONTINUEPAGE5UnauthorizedCONTINUEPAGE5UnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegalCONTINUEPAGE6UnauthorizedCONTINUEPAGE6Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.5 858Mrs.attitudetowardsherpastisprimarilyoneresignation.regret.resolve.

ThepassagestronglysuggeststhatMrs.Listerfullycametotermswithdeath.resentedherhusbandforassumingherrole.nolongerwantedtoresideatCollege.feltcriticizedbyher996Asusedinline75,cedure.range.

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines8-12(“TheoldLines23-26aLines64-68(“BasilwasLines78-80(“She,too…and10107Mrs.Listerbelieves7sheisresponsibleforherdeath.forgettingBasilisimperativetohershewastoocautiousasachild.memorymustbekeptalive.

Thenarratorofthispassageismostsimilartosomeonewhoblamesherparentsforherpresentcircumstances.isreinventingheridentityinanewisconfessingtocommittingacrime.istryingtodiscontinueabadhabit.11111111line5101520253035

Questions11-21arebasedonthepassage.Passage1isadaptedfrom“WildfireDrivesCarbonLevelsinNorthernCopyright2007bytheNationalScienceFoundation.Passage2isadaptedfrom“FireisanImportantandUnder-AppreciatedPartofGlobalClimateCopyright2009bytheNationalScienceFoundation.Passage1removedfromstreamsofgas-thirstycarsandpollution-belchingfactoriesliesanotherkeyplayeringlobalclimatechange.Circlingthenorthernhemisphere,theconifer-dominatedborealforests—oneofthelargestecosystemsonearth—actasavastnaturalregulatorofatmosphericcarbonlevels.Forestecologistsarestudyinghowenvironmentalfactorssuchasforestfiresandclimateinfluencecarbonlevelsinthisforestsystem.Theirmostrecentfindingsofferinsightsintothebalanceofcarbonuptakeandreleasethatcontributetoatmosphericcarbondioxidelevelsworldwide.Increasedatmosphericcarbondioxideisamajorcauseofglobalclimatechange.Secondinsizeamongforestsonlytothetropicalrainforests,theborealforestsformamassivegreenbandspanningthehigherlatitudesofCanada,Alaska,Siberia,China,andScandinavia.Theirsheersize,coupledwiththefactthattheyareexpectedtoexperiencethegreatestwarmingofforestbiomeasglobaltemperaturesrise,meansthatclimate-relatedchangesherearelikelytoresonatewellbeyondtheforestboundaries.Researchersbelievethatfiresshiftthecarbonbalanceinmultipleways.Burningorganicmatterquicklyreleaseslargeamountsofcarbondioxide.Afterafire,lossoftheforestcanopycanallowmoresuntoreachandwarmtheground,whichmayspeeddecompositionandcarbondioxideemissionfromthesoil.Ifthesoilwarmsenoughtomeltunderlyingpermafrost,evenmorestoredcarbonmaybeunleashed.Atrendtowardhotteranddrierconditionsislikelytoexacerbatetheeffectsoffirebyincreasingthefrequency,andsizeofburns.ittakesisalowsnowpackyearandadryafewlightningstrikes,asaysforestecologistS.Historically,scientistsbelievetheborealforesthasactedasacarbonsink,absorbingmoreatmospheric

40carbondioxidethanitreleases,Gowersays.Researchnowsuggeststhat,overrecentdecades,theforesthasbecomeasmallersinkandmayactuallybeshiftingtowardbecomingacarbonsource.Passage2Firemustbeaccountedforasanintegralpartof45climatechange.Intentionaldeforestationfiresalonecontributeuptoone-fifthofthehuman-causedincreaseinemissionsofcarbondioxide,aheat-trappinggasthatincreasesglobaltemperature.Increasingnumbersofwildfiresareinfluencingclimateaswell.50 Carbondioxideisthemostimportantandwell-studiedgreenhousegasthatisemittedbyburningplants.methane,aerosolparticulatesinsmoke,andthechangingreflectanceofacharredlandscapeeachcontributetochangesintheatmosphere55causedbyfire.Consequencesoflargefireshavehugeeconomic,environmental,andhealthcosts.Therearebiggerandmorefrequentfiresfromthewesterntothetropics.Thereare“fireswherewenormallyseesaidJenniferBalchofthe60NationalCenterforEcologicalAnalysisandSynthesis(NCEAS),notingthatitisinthehumidtropicsthatalotofdeforestationfiresareoccurring,usuallytoexpandagricultureorcattleranching.rainforestshavenothistoricallyexperiencedfiresatthefrequency65thattheyaretoday.”Researchersacknowledgethattheirestimateofinfluenceonclimateisjustastart,andtheyhighlightmajorresearchgapsthatmustbeaddressedinordertounderstandthecompletecontributionof70firetotheclimatesystem.Balchnotesthataholisticfirescienceisnecessary,andpointsouttrueimportance.thinkaboutfiresshesaid.“Fireisaselementalasairorliveonafireplanet.areafirespecies.thestudyoffire75hasbeenveryfragmented.knowlotsaboutthecarboncycle,thenitrogencycle,butweknowverylittleaboutthefirecycle,orhowfirecyclesthroughthe11 151115Asusedinline39,isclosestinmeaningtoabasinprimarilycomposedofwaste.systeminwhichanelementisremoved.primarysourceofcontamination.marsh-likeareafoundwithinconiferousforests.1212TheauthorofPassage1supportstheclaimthatfiresalterthecarbonbalanceinmanywaysbylistingthechangesthatfirescancauseinanecosystem.quotinganecologistwhoenumeratesthechangesfirescancause.describingtheprocessesbywhichresearchersbelievefireschangethecarbonbalance.referencingdatathatindicatesthefrequencyofforestfire-relatedchanges.1313Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines6-9(“Forestecologists…forestLines24-31(“Burningorganic…unleashed.”)Lines32-34trend…sizeofLines34-37it1414TheauthorofPassage1isprimarilyconcernedwiththeimpactofindustrialpollutiononclimatechange.relationshipbetweencarbondioxideemissionsandglobalwarming.climaticconsequencesofstrip-miningtropicalrainforests.roleofborealforestsinglobalclimatechange.

WhichstatementbestexpresseshowtheauthorofPassage1respondstotheclaimthatborealforestsneutralizecarbondioxideemissionsintheatmosphereviaabsorption?Borealforestsservetoregulateanddecreasecarbonlevelsintheatmosphere.Destructionoftheforestcanopybyfireacceleratescarbondioxideemissionsfromthesoil.Thecyclicalrelationshipbetweenatmosphericwarmingandforestfireshasdiminishedthiseffect.Firescientistshaveamassedsignificantunderstandingofthecarboncycle.1616Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines3-6(“Circlingthe…carbonLines14-17(“Second…andLines23-25(“Researchers…carbonLines40-431717AccordingtoPassage1,climatechangesthatoccurinborealforestswillmostlikelyhaveafar-reachingimpactprimarilyduetoincreasinglyhotandaridconditionswhichexacerbatetheeffectsofforestwildfires.significantwarmingintheforestbiome,whichencompassesvastamountsofland.elevatedlevelsofaerosolparticulatesinforestfiresmoke.increaseduseofcommercialdeforestationfirestoexpandagriculture.1111111118TheprimarypurposeofPassage2isto18explainhowfire-relatedchangesinatmosphericcarbonlevelscreateclimatechange.exposetheeconomicimpactofforestfiresrelationtoclimatechange.thesignificanceoftherolecarbondioxideemissionsplayinclimatechange.19underscoretheneedtodevelopfirescienceasameanstobetterunderstandclimatechange.19Asusedinline44,“integral”isclosestinmeaningtonecessary.quantifiable.fundamental.20requisite.20AccordingtothesecondparagraphofPassage2(lines50-56),therelationshipbetweenthefluctuatingreflectancethatoccursafterafireandatmosphericchangeisbestdescribedasoneparison.21problemandsolution.21Theauthorsofbothpassagesshareabeliefthatfiresshouldbesystematicallyreducedinordertominimizeclimatechange.fireistheprimarycauseofglobalclimatechange.preservationofborealforestsiskeytoreducingglobalwarming.forestfiresdirectlyinfluencecarbonlevels,whichleadtoclimatechange.

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Questions22-32arebasedonthepassage.ThispassageisadaptedfromVictorKlimov,“TurningWindowsintoSolarCopyright2016bytheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy.ResearchersintheCenterforAdvancedSolarPhotophysicsatLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryareseekingtotransformeverydaywindowsintosolarcollectorsbyharnessingtheuniquepropertiesofquantumdots.Theadvantagesofsolarpowerasasourceofclean,renewableenergyseemobvious.Sunlightisabundant,freeand,forallpracticalpurposes,eternal.Whilethepriceofsolarphotovoltaiccellsrecentlyhasplummetedandtheirefficiencyhasgonechallengesremainaroundsettingvastarraysofsolar-electricpanelsandfindingwaystointegratethemintobuildingsandotherapplications.ThesechallengesajointresearchteamfromLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryandtheUniversityofMilano-BicoccainItalytotryafreshapproachtosolarwithquantumdots,theteamachievedabreakthroughinsolar-concentratingtechnologythatcanturnwindowsintoelectricgeneratorsandrevolutionizethewaywethinkaboutwhereandhowwegenerateenergy.Thinkaboutit:Ifwindowscangenerateelectricityforuseonsite,theconsumerwouldgaintheadvantagesoffree,non-pollutingpowerandatleastpartialgridindependence.Thegridwouldreduceitsrelianceonfossilfuels,gainresilienceandgetrelieffrompeak-usedemands,whichwouldslashgreenhousegasemissions.Solarwindowswouldalsobepracticallyunnoticeable,meaningyoucouldreapthebenefitsofsolarpowerathomewithaminimumofimpactonyouorcommunityaroundyou.Quantumdotsfashionedfromalight-emittingmaterialmakeitwork.Roughlyone-billionthofameteracross,orjust10to50wide,quantumdotshavepropertiesthatcanbemanipulatedintheQuantumdotscanabsorblightatonewavelength,efficientlyconvertitandre-emititatanotherwavelength.Abiggerquantumdotemitsontheredendofthespectrum,asmallerdotonthegreen-blueend.Byadjustingthesize,wecanpreciselytunethosewavelengthstosuitourpurposes.ThequantumCONTINUEPAGE11CONTINUEPAGE11UnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegalCONTINUEPAGE10UnauthorizedCONTINUEPAGE10Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.dotsabsorbsunlightandconvertittoawavelengthbestsuitedforsolarcells.Thenthewaveguidedirectslighttowardthesolarcellsinstalledatitsedges,whichmakeelectricity.45 Thatsoundsfineintheory,buttheteamhadtofixafewdeal-breakingproblemsthatplaguedearliertechnologies,includingtheuseofmaterialscontainingenvironmentallyharmfulmetals.Theteamsolvedtheseproblemsbycreatingquantumdotsofindium,50seleniumandsulfur,acompositionwithouttoxicmetals.Thequantumdotsre-emitinfraredlight,whichisidealforthemostcommonsolarcells,yetinvisibletothehumaneye—occupantsintheroomwillnoticeonlyaslight,neutral-coloredtintingeffect.

55 windowsintosolarcollectorsisthekindofdisruptivetechnologythatcanrevolutionizeenergygenerationandconsumptionandcontributetoalow-carbonenergyfuture.buildingsrangingfromyourownhousetourbanskyscrapersmightgenerate60muchoftheirownelectricitythroughinnocuousluminescentsolarconcentratingwindows.IfthistechnologyreplacedalltheglazingontheOneCenterbuildinginNewthewindowscouldpowermorethan350apartments.thatfor65megascaleimpactfromnanotechnology?ThegraphaboveisbasedondatafromBloombergNewEnergyFinance,2013.1111111122 262226Asignificantchallengeearlyresearchershadtoaddressinquantumdottechnologywasthefactthatquantumdotsweredifficulttomanipulateinlaboratoryconditions.requiredsignificantgriddependence.weretraditionallycomposedoftoxicmaterials.werenoteasilyintegratedintobuildingsandotherapplications.

Theauthormostlikelyincludeslines61-64(“Ifthis…inordertosolarwindowsareagreeneralternativetoelectricgenerators.refutetheclaimthatquantumdottechnologyisstillinearlystagesofdevelopment.illustratethevastpotentialofsolarconcentratingwindows.reiteratetheneedforenvironmentally-friendlypowersources.2323Asusedinline4,“harnessing”isclosestinmeaningtoutilizing.coupling.capturing.exploiting.2424Therelationshipbetweenparagraphs1&2isprimarilyoneblem/solution.confirmation.2525Asusedinline56,isclosestinmeaningtodisturbing.wild.unsettling.innovative.

27Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthethirdparagraph(lines21-30)?27Solarwindowtechnologyisminimallyinvasivetohomesandcommunities.Solarwindowtechnologyishighlycost-effectiveforconsumers.Theuseofsolarwindowtechnologywouldresultinmoreefficientpowergridoperations.Solarwindowswouldprovideconsumersbotheconomicandenvironmentaladvantages.2828Theauthorofthispassagewouldmostlikelyagreethatelectricgeneratorsarecurrentlypreferabletosolarwindowsasaprimarypowersource.quantumdotresearchisonlyapplicabletosolartechnologyapplications.theuseoftraditionalelectricgridsisnotanenvironmentallysoundpractice.thecostofsolarcelltechnologydevelopmentoutweighsconsumerbenefits.29Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?29Lines5-8(“TheLines21-26(“ThinkaboutLines45-48(“Thatsounds…h(huán)armful30Lines55-58(“Turning30Theauthorofthepassagewouldmostlikelycontendthatwhichofthefollowingismostlikelytooccurasaresultofthechangesshowninthegraph?Overallenergyconsumptionwillincrease.Consumergriddependencewillrise.Solarcellconsumptionwilldecline.31Fundingforquantumdottechnologywillincrease.31Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingchangessimultaneouslyoccurredwiththeshiftdisplayedinthegraph?Electricgeneratorusedeclined.Carbonemissionsdeclined.Consumergriddependenceincreased.32Solarcellefficiencyincreased.32Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines8-12(“WhiletheLines16-20with…generateLines21-24(“Thinkaboutit…independence.”)Lines55-58(“Turning

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Questions33-42arebasedonthepassage.ThepassagebelowcomesfromRightsofMan,publishedinbyThomasPaine.Intheexcerptbelow,theauthorprovidesanargumentonthesubjectoftitlesinsociety.TheFrenchConstitutionsays,Thereshallbenotitles;and,ofconsequence,allthatclassofequivocalgenerationwhichinsomecountriesiscalled“aristocracy”andinothersisdoneandthepeerisexaltedintotheMAN.Titlesarebutnicknames,andeverynicknameisatitle.Thethingisperfectlyharmlessinitself,butitmarksasortoffopperyinthehumancharacter,whichdegradesit.reducesmanintothediminutiveofmaninthingswhicharegreat,andthecounterfeitofwomeninthingswhicharelittle.talksaboutitsfineblueribbonlikeagirl,andshowsitsnewgarterlikeachild.Acertainofsomesays:“WhenIwasachild,Ithoughtasachild;butwhenIbecameaman,Iputawaychildishis,fromtheelevatedmindofFrancethatthefollyoftitleshasfallen.hasoutgrownthebabyclothesofCountandDuke,andbreecheditselfinmanhood.Francehasnotlevelled,ithasexalted.hasputdownthedwarf,tosetuptheman.ThepunyismofasenselesswordlikeDuke,CountorEarlhasceasedtoplease.Eventhosewhopossessedthemhavedisownedthegibberish,andastheyoutgrewtherickets,havedespisedtherattle.Thegenuinemindofman,thirstingforitsnativehome,society,condemnsthegewgawsthatseparatehimfromit.Titlesarelikecirclesdrawnbythewand,tocontractthesphereoflivesimmuredwithintheBastilleofaword,andsurveysatadistancetheenviedlifeofman.it,then,wonderthattitlesshouldfallinFrance?itnotagreaterwonderthattheyshouldbekeptupanywhere?Whatarethey?Whatistheirworth,and“whatistheiramount?”WhenwethinkorspeakofaJudgeoraGeneral,weassociatewithittheideasofofficeandcharacter;wethinkofgravityinoneandbraveryintheother;butwhenweusethewordmerelyasatitle,noideasassociatewithit.ThroughallthevocabularyofAdamthereisnotsuchananimalasaDukeoraCount;neithercanweconnectcertainideaswiththewords.Whethertheymeanstrengthorweakness,wisdomorachildoraman,ortheriderorthehorse,isallequivocal.Whatrespectthencanbepaidtothatwhichdescribesnothing,andwhichmeansnothing?Imaginationhasgivenfigureand45charactertocentaurs,satyrs,anddowntoallthefairytribe;buttitlesbaffleeventhepowersofandareachimericalnondescript.Butthisisnotall.Ifawholecountryisdisposedtoholdthemincontempt,alltheirvalueisgone,andnone50willownthem.iscommonopiniononlythatmakesthemanything,ornothing,orworsethannothing.Thereisnooccasiontotaketitlesfortheytakethemselvesawaywhensocietyconcurstoridiculethem.Thisspeciesofimaginaryconsequencehasvisibly55declinedineverypartofEurope,andithastenstoitsexitastheworldofreasoncontinuestorise.TherewasatimewhenthelowestclassofwhatarecallednobilitywasmorethoughtofthanthehighestisandwhenamaninarmorridingthroughoutChristendomin60questofadventureswasmorestaredatthanamodernDuke.Theworldhasseenthisfollyfall,andithasfallenbybeinglaughedat,andthefarceoftitleswillfollowitsfate.ThepatriotsofFrancehavediscoveredingoodtimethatrankanddignityinsocietymusttakeanew65ground.Theoldonehasfallenthrough.mustnowtakethesubstantialgroundofcharacter,insteadofthechimericalgroundoftitles;andtheyhavebroughttheirtitlestotheandmadeofthemaburnt-offeringtoReason.3333Themainpurposeofthepassageistoadvocateforthecompleteeradicationofasocialconcept.challengeanancientsystembyproposingabetteralternative.explainwhyatraditionalstandardnolongercontrolsasociety.chroniclethehistoricdevelopmentofaparticularculture.

3434Theauthorcomparestitlestonicknamesinlines6-7inordertoillustratehowharmlessandordinarytitlesaretopeople.indicatethedeceitfulnatureoftitleswhenusedinsociety.demonstratethattitleshavenopowerandvalueinthemselves.describehowtitlescanbeeasilygivenandtaken3535Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines1-5(“Thereshallbe…intotheMAN”)Lines9-11reducesman…whichareLines24-26(“Thegenuine…h(huán)imfromLines33-37(“Whenwethink…associatewith3636Thequoteattheendofthesecondparagraph(lines13-15)bestservestoridiculeaconceptthattheauthorconsidersoutdated.implythattitlesareonlytakenseriouslybychildren.showhowthereareotherswhosupporttheemphasizethechangethatarisesaspeoplemature.11111111CONTINUEPAGE23UnauthorizedCONTINUEPAGE23UnauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegalCONTINUEPAGE14UnauthorizedCONTINUEPAGE14Unauthorizedcopyingorreuseofanypartofthispageisillegal.37 403740Asusedinline17,“folly”mostnearlymeansirresponsibility.senselessness.3838Basedonthediscussionabouttitlesandcharacter,whichpersonwouldtheauthorconsidermostrespectable?AprincesswhoiswellrespectedbecauseofherpowerfulfamilyApresidentwhoexhibitscourageandhonestyduringacrisisAchildprodigybornwithanIQthatexceedsthatofhisparentsApoorartistwhotravelstheworldandlivesbyhisprinciples3939Accordingtothepassage,societyridsitselfoftitleswhenpopularopinionoftitlesbecomesunfavorable.peoplerealizethattitlesareafictitiousconcept.peoplegrowupandbecomematureandreasonable.themajorityofpeoplejudgeothersbytheircharacter.

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?Lines13-15certainwriter…childishthings”)Lines22-24(“Eventhose…despisedtheLines52-53(“Thereisno…ridiculeLines65-69must4141Asusedinline42,“equivocal”mostnearlymeansindecisive.unconventional.doubtful.4242Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichchoicecanbemostreasonablyinferred?Knightswerehighlydisrespectedduringthetimethattheauthorwrotethepassage.Europeansviewtheideaoftitleswithmorecontemptthantherestoftheworld.Theauthorityoftitlesfluctuatesthroughoutdifferenttimeperiods.Peoplewithtitleswouldnotberespectedinthepresentsociety.line510152025303540

Questions43-52arebasedonthepassage.Thispassageisadaptedfrom“MiseryNotMiserly.”Copyright2008bytheNationalScienceFoundation.Offtobuyanewhandbagandfabulousredshoes,orhowaboutoverallsandaridinglawnmower?Beforegoing,amoodcheckforsignsofdespairandgloommightbeinorderbecausehowapersonfeelscanimpactroutineeconomictransactions,whetherheorsheisawareofitornot.Sosaysateamofbehavioralscientistsfromfourmajoruniversities,whoseresearchstudyfindsthatsadnessimpactsspending.Specifically,peoplewhofeelsadandself-focusedpaymoremoneyforgoodsthanthoseinneutralstates,evenwhenpurchasingthesameitem.“ThetendencyistofocusononeselfwhensaddrivesthissaystheleadauthorCynthiaE.Cryder,adoctoralstudentatCarnegieMellonPittsburgh,“Ourstudiesrevealedthemoreself-focusedpeoplewereinthesadcondition,themoremoneytheyresearchisneededtodeterminewhetherparticipantsaredeliberatelytryingtotheirsenseofselfbyacquiringaddsstudyco-authorJenniferLerner,anexperimentalsocialpsychologistatHarvardKennedySchoolofGovernmentinCambridge,Mass.The“MiseryisnotMiserly:SadandSelf-FocusedIndividualsSpendwasfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundation.Inoneexperiment,primarilyconductedbyresearchersatCarnegieMellonandHarvardtestsubjectsviewedeitherasadvideocliporonedevoidofhumanemotion.Thevideoclipsincludedeitherasadscenefromthe1979movie“TheorneutralscenesfromaNationalGeographicdocumentaryoncoralreefs.Afterward,participantscouldpurchaseanordinarysuchasawaterbottle,atvariousprices.Participants,randomlyassignedtoviewthesadvideoofferedalmost300percentmorethanthe“neutral”participantstobuythesameproduct.inasimilarstudyledbyLerner,participantswhoviewedthesadvideocliptypicallyandincorrectlyinsistedtheemotionalcontentofthefilmclipdidnotaffecttheirspending.The

findingshowedthatpeoplecanlackawarenessofhowfeelingsimpacttheirowneconomicdecisions.Researchteammembersspeculatethatself-focuscoupledwithsadnesscausespeopletodevalueboth45themselvesandtheircurrentpossessions.Theresult,theybelieve,isincreasedwillingnesstopaymorefornewmaterialgoods,presumablytoenhancethesenseofself.“Self-focushelpsexplainthespendingdifferencesbetweenthe‘sad’and‘neutral’groups,”says50Lerner.“Sadnesstendstoincreaseself-focus,makingtheincreasedspendingbythecombinationofsadnessandself-focusdifficulttoThe“miseryisnotmiserly”effectmaybeevenmoredramaticinreallife,asthelow-intensitysadness55evokedintheexperimentlikelyunderestimatesthepowerofintensesadnessonspendingsayresearchers,theeffectcouldextendtodomainsbeyondpurchasingdecisions.maycausepeopletoengageinincreasedstocktradingortoseek60newrelationshipswithoutconsciousawarenessthattheyarebeingdrivenbytheiremotions.AccordingtoLerner,theresearchcouldalsobetofa