四年級(jí)語(yǔ)法講解

四、五年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)〔6月〕語(yǔ)法分塊1.a,an,the的用法a,an,the的用法〔一〕a,

an的用法

1.a：用于輔音音素〔不是輔音字母〕開(kāi)頭的詞前，表示單數(shù)的數(shù)量：“一〞。但小學(xué)階段學(xué)生一般理解為：?jiǎn)卧~開(kāi)頭第一個(gè)不是元音用a

a

book

一本書

a

desk一張書桌

an：用于元音音素〔不是元音字母〕開(kāi)頭的詞前，表示單詞的數(shù)量“一〞。但小學(xué)階段學(xué)生一般理解為：?jiǎn)卧~第一個(gè)字母是元音字母用an

an

apple

一個(gè)蘋果

a

big

apple一個(gè)大蘋果

an

old

man一位老人

3.元音字母：Aa,

Ee,

Ii,

Oo,

Uu

4.特殊情況：an

hour〔h是輔音字母，但它不發(fā)音〕

5.輔音字母：26個(gè)字母中，除了5個(gè)元音字母，其他是輔音字母練習(xí)一：用a,

an填空

_____book

book

book

book

hour

teacher

idea

egg

〔二〕the的用法

1.一般用于特指：The

girl

is

my

sister.

那個(gè)女孩是我的妹妹。

2.第二次出現(xiàn)：There

is

a

book

on

the

desk.

The

book

is

mine.

書桌上有一本書，那本書是我的。

3.世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二：the

moon月亮

the

earth地球

the

Great

Wall長(zhǎng)城

the

sun太陽(yáng)

4.固定的詞組：on

the

desk在書桌上

練習(xí)二：選擇

(

)1.I

have

___

new

book.

Jenny

has

___

old

book.

an

a

an

(

)2.This

is

___

orange.

That’s

____big

orange.

an

a

an

(

)3.Yesterday

I

studied

English

for

____

hour.

(

)4.This

is

a

bag.

____

bag

is

Tom’s.

(

)5.___

man

is

Lisa’s

father.

(

)6.____

Great

Wall

is

in

China.

(

)7.My

English

book

is

in

___

desk.

C./

(

)8.She

has

___

idea.

It’s

a

good

idea.

名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)那么首先你來(lái)連連線catscat

如bag-bags,book-books,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾加-es如bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches以“輔音字母+y〞結(jié)尾變y為i,再加-es如family-families,strawberry-strawberries“f或fe〞結(jié)尾變f或fe為v,再加-es如knife-knives不規(guī)那么名詞復(fù)數(shù)man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,tooth-teethfish-fish,dear-dear,sheep-sheep;people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變)bread,rice,water,juiceetc.名詞復(fù)數(shù)變位口訣(一)規(guī)那么變化名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，直接加-s占多數(shù)；s,x,z,ch,sh來(lái)結(jié)尾，直接加上-es；詞尾是f或fe，加-s之前先變ve；輔母+y在詞尾，把y變i再加-es；詞尾字母假設(shè)是o，常用三個(gè)已足夠，要加-es請(qǐng)記好，hero,tomato,potato?！灿⑿蹛?ài)吃西紅柿和土豆〕(二)不規(guī)那么變化男人女人a變e，鵝足牙oo變ee；老鼠單詞也好記，ous變ic；孩子加上ren，魚(yú)鹿綿羊不用變。練習(xí)題一、用所給的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)的正確形式填空：1>Therearethree_________(chair)intheclassroom.2>These__________(tomato)arered.3>Mybrotherlooksaftertwo________(baby)4>Myfatherlikestoeat_________(potato).5>Chinese________(people)liketoeatnoodles.6>Ihavealotof__________(toy)inmybedroom.7>Ihavetwo_________(pencil-box).8>Therearesome_________(bus)inthestreet.9>Peterhaseight_________(foot).10>Therearesomany___________(child)inthepark.二、選擇填空()1．Icanseethree________inthezoo.AmonkeysBmonkeyesCmonkey(pighasfour______.A.footB.feetC.foots(twobrothersareboth______.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen(canseeten_____inthepicture.A.sheepB.dogC.pig(_____hasthree__.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watches(yousee_______ontheplate?A.breadB.BreadsC.breades(girloftenbrushesher_____beforeshegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth(Blackoftendrinksome_________.A.milkB.milks(aresome_____onthefloor.A.childB.waterC.bookswillshowussomenew____ofhers.A.photoB.photosC.photoes(cateatstwo_____lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouse人稱代詞〔一〕主格

Iweyousheheitthey賓格

meusyouherhimitthem人稱代詞里的：主格放在句首做主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),賓格放在句末或句中做動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ).打個(gè)比方,主人邀請(qǐng)賓客,主格就像主人,賓格就像賓客.主格在動(dòng)詞前面,賓格在動(dòng)詞或介詞后面.小熱身1、I和me.我是一名學(xué)生。_____amastudent.媽媽喜歡我。Motherlikes______.2、We和us.我們是中國(guó)人。_______areChinese.父母愛(ài)我們。Parentslove______.3、you人稱代詞最容易記住的。〔你能翻譯以下句子嗎？試一試！〕你是一名學(xué)生。我喜歡你。你們是學(xué)生。我愛(ài)你們。4、你能推出she和her的位置嗎？她是一名護(hù)士。______isanurse.你能幫助她。Youcanhelp______.5、He和him他是我的朋友。______ismyfriends.(想想用he還是him呢？)我想和他一起玩。Iwanttoplaywith______.6、it的用法。-Whereismycar?-_____isoverthere.指天氣Itisrainingoutside.指氣候ItiscoldinHarbin.指時(shí)間-Whattimeisit?-It’ssixo’clock.7、they和them._______arelisteningtotheradio.Therearesomecats,Ilike_____verymuch.運(yùn)動(dòng)小練1、_____〔我〕amateacher.2、Myfatheristalkingwith______〔我〕3、_______areChinese.〔我們〕4、Hersisterishelping______.〔我們〕5、_____areabeautifulgirl.〔你〕6、_____arestudents.〔你們〕7、____isacat.〔它〕8、______areplayingfootball.〔他們〕9、______oftengoestotheparkafterschool.〔他〕10、Mydoglikes_____.〔她〕〔二〕物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞：我的_my_你的_your_他的_his_她的her_它的__its__我們的__our__你們的__your__他們的__their_名詞性物主代詞：我的_mine_你的_your_他的_his_她的_hers_它的_its_我們的_ours_你們的_yours_他們的_theirs_你知道形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別嗎？1、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，用在名詞前。Thisismybook.這是我的書。Weloveourmotherland.我們熱愛(ài)我們的祖國(guó)。2、名詞性物主代詞起名詞的作用。Lookatthetwopencils.Theredoneisyoursandtheblueoneismine.看那兩支鉛筆，紅的是你的，藍(lán)的是我的。Helikesmypen.Hedoesn'tlikehers.他喜歡我的鋼筆。不喜歡她的。3、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞小試牛刀：用形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞填空Iateall____sandwichesyesterday.(I)CanIhaveoneof____?(you)JackhasadogandsohaveI.____(he)dogand____(I)hadafight(打架).Thisisn’t________knife.(she)綜合檢測(cè)〔看看你的掌握情況，加油！〕一、選出括號(hào)中正確的詞，在正確的詞上打勾。1.Thisis〔my/I〕mother.2.Nicetomeet〔your/you〕.3.〔He/His〕nameisMark.4.What’s〔she/her〕name?5.Excuse〔me/my/I〕.6.Are〔your/you〕MissLi?7.〔I/My〕amBen.8.〔She/Her〕ismysister.9.Fine,thank〔your/you〕.10.Howoldis〔he/his〕be動(dòng)詞一、考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回憶be動(dòng)詞用法歌：Be有am,is,are我(I)用am你(you)用areis連著他(he)她(she)它(it)我們(we)你們(you)他們(they)要用are單數(shù)名詞用is復(fù)數(shù)形式要用are變否認(rèn)真容易be后not為標(biāo)記變問(wèn)句be提前，句尾問(wèn)號(hào)要配全〔？〕二、實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練(一〕.選擇正確的be〔am,isare)動(dòng)詞填空。1.I________Kitty.2.She_______astudent.3.JaneandTom_________myfriends.4.Mysisters_______tall.5._______thereatableintheroom?6.There_____someglassesonit.7.There________manymonkeysinthezoo.8.I_______atschoolnow.9.We________students.10.They________inthezoo.11.YangLing________tenyearsold.12.Thecat_______onthechair.13.There_________somewaterintheglass.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句根本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.3．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否認(rèn)句在be后加not。4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。5．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的根本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞ing?但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞+be+動(dòng)詞ing?二、動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)那么1．一般情況下，直接加ing如：cook-cooking2．以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing如：make-making,taste-tasting3．如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing如：run-running,stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一、寫出以下動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play________run________swim________make________go________like________write________skate________read________have________sing________dance________put________see________buy________love________live________take________come________get________stop________sit________begin________shop________二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1.Theboy________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What________you________(do)now?5.Look.They________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They________(notwater)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She________(listen)tomusic.9.It’s5o’clocknow.We________(have)suppernow.10.-________Helen________(wash)clothes?-Yes,sheis.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分別改成一般疑問(wèn)句和否認(rèn)句)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定和否認(rèn)答復(fù))__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．I’mplayingthefootballintheplayground.(對(duì)劃線局部進(jìn)行提問(wèn))_________________________________________________________4．Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(對(duì)劃線局部進(jìn)行提問(wèn))_________________________________________________________一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：Theskyisblue.天空是藍(lán)色的。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成1.be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一個(gè)男孩。2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。【注意】當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he,she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化1.be動(dòng)詞的變化。否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ)+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑問(wèn)句：Be+主語(yǔ)+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Whereismybike?2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ)+don't(doesn't)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：Idon'tlikebread.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否認(rèn)句。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑問(wèn)句：Do(Does)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?3.動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)那么1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2．以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3．以“輔音字母+y〞結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練:一、寫出以下動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)drink________go________stay________make________look________have________pass________carry________come________watch________plant________fly________study________brush________do________teach________二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike_______(like)cooking.12.They_______(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.16.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20.－Whatday_______(be)ittoday?－It’sSaturday.三、按照要求改寫句子1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改為否認(rèn)句)___________________________________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否認(rèn)答復(fù))___________________________________________________3.Shelikesmilk.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作肯定答復(fù))___________________________________________________4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否認(rèn)答復(fù))___________________________________________________5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改為否認(rèn)句)___________________________________________________6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改為否認(rèn)句)___________________________________________________7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(對(duì)劃線局部提問(wèn))___________________________________________________8.JohncomesfromCanada.(對(duì)劃線局部提問(wèn))___________________________________________________9.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否認(rèn)答復(fù))___________________________________________________10.SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改為否認(rèn)句)___________________________________________________一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的概念一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：lastyear,yesterday等；也可表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和often,always等頻率副詞連用。例如：①Isawhiminthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上看見(jiàn)他了。②LiMeialwayswenttoschoolonfootlastyear.去年李梅總是步行上學(xué)。II.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成：(1)規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成有四條規(guī)那么：①一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。②以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。③末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。④末尾是輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。(2)不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式需特殊記憶。如：am(is)-was,are-were,go-went,come-came,take-took,have(has)-had等。III.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的幾種句型肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式+其它。如：Hewenttothetoystoreyesterday.他昨天去玩具店了。否認(rèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+didnot(didn't)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：Hedidn'tgotothetoystoreyesterday.他昨天沒(méi)去玩具店。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成：Did+主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其它？如：1)-DidyougotoBeijinglastweek?-Yes,wedid.(No,wedidn't.)2)-Didyoumeetthebusinessmanbefore?-No,Ididn't.(Yes,Idid.)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成：疑問(wèn)詞＋did+主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其它？如：1)-Whatdidyoudolastnight?-Ididmyhomework.2)-Wheredidyougolastweek?-IwenttoShanghaiwithmyparents.一般過(guò)去時(shí)口訣一般過(guò)去時(shí)并不難，表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)記心間。動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)句末站。否認(rèn)句很簡(jiǎn)單，didn't站在動(dòng)詞原形前，其它局部不要變。一般疑問(wèn)句也好變，did放在句子前，主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞原形、其它局部依次站。特殊疑問(wèn)句也簡(jiǎn)單，疑問(wèn)詞加一般疑問(wèn)句記心間。最后一條請(qǐng)注意，動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式要牢記。小朋友們口訣記，學(xué)會(huì)一般過(guò)去時(shí)沒(méi)問(wèn)題。小學(xué)階段要掌握的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式:watchedTV,washedclothes,playedfootball,cleanedtheroom,visitedgrandparents,wenttoapark,wentswimming,readabook,wentfishing,wenthiking,learnedChinese,sanganddanced,tookpictures,climbedamountain,ategoodfood,boughtpresents,rowedaboat,sawelephants,wentskating.同學(xué)們，關(guān)于一般過(guò)去時(shí)我們就簡(jiǎn)單地學(xué)這些，你們都掌握了嗎？加油呀！一般過(guò)去時(shí)的練習(xí)I.用所給的動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。⒈He_____(visit)theGreatWalllastyear.2.We________(have)agoodtimeyesterday.3.Weoften_______(go)toschoolbybuslastyear.4.I________(live)inthevillagewhenIwasachild.5.Mike______(see)abigtigerinthenatureparklastyear.6.Sam_____(do)thehouseworkyesterday.7.______(do)you_______(enjoy)yourselfyesterday?8.______(do)you_________(play)theviolinintheartroomyesterday?No,Ididn't.I_____(draw)somepicturesthere.9.I