2022-2023學(xué)年上海市名校高二（下）期中英語試卷（含解析）

2022-2023學(xué)年上海市名校高二（下）期中英語試卷

1.

TheRealCostofTravel

Masstourismisarelativelyrecentphenomenon.Thetourismindustry(1)(take)offin

themiddleofthelastcenturyandit'sbeengrowingeversince.Inthelasttenyearsespecially,more

andmorepeoplehavebeentravelingtoplaces(2)wehadpreviouslyonlyreadaboutor

seenontelevision.Butwhatkindofimpactdoestourismhaveontheplanet?

Avoyagetotheendoftheearth?

Alargecruiseship(郵輪)cancarryasmanyas6,000passengersandthereareupwardsof50such

shipscurrently(3)(sail)theseas.Cruiseshipsdumpabout90,000tonsofwasteinto

theoceanseveryyear.Anyharmfuleffectsofthisaremadeevenworsebythefact(4)

cruisestendtovisitthesameplacesoverandoveragain,thusconcentratingthewasteinspecific

places.

Trashontopoftheworld

Fromremoteoceanhabitatstotheworld'shighestmountain,ourtrashiseverywhere.Thoughfar

fewerpeoplegoclimbingtheHimalayasthanonacruise,theirimpact(5)(still

feel).TourismisvitaltotheeconomyofNepal,(6)itistomanynon-industrial

countries.Butfordecades,climbershavebeenabandoningtheirunwantedequipmentonEverest.For

thelastfewyears,clean-upteamsoflocalandinternationalclimbershavebeenorganizinghiking

tripsjust(7)(pick)upthewaste.Onegrouphasbroughtovereighttonsofwastedown

fromthemountain!

Whenmoreisnotbetter

TourismofadifferentkindiscausingproblemsinEurope.ConstructionontheMediterraneancoast

hasbeen(8)controlforyears.BeachresortsformanalmostunbrokenlinefromGibraltar

toGreece,andnaturalhabitatshavedisappearedundermilesofconcrete.Andsowepollutethesea,

theland,andtheair.Low-costairtravelisbooming,inspiteof(orperhaps(9)(help)

by)economicproblems.FormanyEuropeans,low-costflightsallowthemtotakeseveralshort

vacationsayear.Yetcuriously,shortflightsactuallyhaveamuchbiggereffectonclimatechange

thanlongflights.So,arethere(10)(damaging)waysofseeingtheworld?Traveling

bytrain,forexample,isamuchgreenerwayofgettingaround.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

2.

A.buildB.preciselyC.reasonD.reinventE.relativeF.social

G.surviveH.theoreticallyI.tracesJ.transmissionK.works

Threethingsthatmakeushuman

AllspeciesonEarth,includinghumans,areunique.Yetourintelligenceandcreativitygowell

beyondthoseofanyotheranimal.Humanshavelongcommunicatedthroughlanguage,andinvented

evermorecomplextoolsthathaveenabledourspeciesto(1)anddevelop.

>Ourbrains

Withoutdoubt,thehumantrait(特征)thatsetsusapartthemostfromtheanimalkingdomisour

extraordinarybrain.Humansdon'thavethelargestbrainsintheworld—thosebelongtosperm

whales.Wedon'tevenhavethelargestbrains(2)tobodysize-manybirdshavebrainsthat

makeupmorethan8%oftheirbodyweight,comparedtoonly2.5%forhumans.Yetthehumanbrain,

whichweighsaboutthreepoundswhenfullygrown,givesustheabilityto(3)andthink

onourfeetbeyondthecapabilitiesoftherestoftheanimalkingdom.ltgaveusthe(4)of

Einstein,Mozartandmanyothergeniuses.

>Language

Manyspeciescommunicatewithvocalsounds.Butlanguageisaspecialformofcommunication.Full

language,withrulesforcombiningsoundsintowords,andwordsintosentences,probablyoriginated

atsomepointabout50,000yearsago.Butwewillprobablyneverknow(5)whenand

wherelanguageoriginated.Fossils,DNAevidence,comparisonswithotheranimals,andstudiesof

howlanguageschangeovertimeallprovideclues,butspokenlanguageitselfleavesfew(6)

.Itmostlikelyevolvedfromasimplerformofcommunication.Chimpanzeesuseboth

gesturesandvocalcallstocommunicatestatusandothercomplex(7)information.ltis

possiblethatourancestorsalsoexpressedthemselvesfirstwithgesturesorsimplewords,then

developedrulesforlinkingthemintosentences.

ALearningfromeachother

Ouruniquebrainsanddexterity(靈巧)ofourhandsuseoftoolspossible,butwealsorelyonthe

cultural(8)ofideas.Cultureisattheheartofbeinghuman.Weputourheadstogether,

weshareideas,andlearnfromeachother,recognizingapast,apresent,andafuture.Welearnfrom

thepast,(9)onthisinthepresent,andexpectthefuture.Withoutculture,eachnew

generationwouldbeforcedto(10)thewheel.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

OneofthepresentsinmyhousethisChristmaswasalate18th-centuryvolumeoftheEncyclopaedia

Britannica(大英百科全書).Itisawindowintothediscoveriesandthinkingofthetime.The

encyclopaediaisanentertainingreminderofhow(1)someofourcunenttruthsareboundto

be.Certaintiesinareaswehaven'tyetunderstoodwilllookjustasridiculousassomeoftheseincenturies

tocome.Andoneofthosewearestillremarkably(2)istheeffectoffoodandexerciseonour

bodies.WeYesurroundedbyconfident(3)onhowtoeat,howtoavoidorreverseobesity(月巴

胖),andyettheadviceseemspointlesswhiletheworldgetsfatter.Muchofwhatwethinkweknowisa

pileofassumptionsratherthan(4).

OurconfusionisthethemeofSpoon-Fed,abookbyoneofBritain'sleadingnutritionresearchers,Tim

SpectorofKing'sCollegeLondon.Itssubtitleis："Whyalmosteverythingwe'vebeentoldaboutfoodis

wrong."Itisacallfbrusto(5)more.

OnebyoneSpectoroffersanswerstorecentfood(6).Coffeecansaveourlives,hesays.Three

tofourcupsadayreducestheriskofheartdiseaseandmaycuttheriskofdeathby8percent.Butterdoes

notdamageourhearts,Spectorargues,andsaltisvital.Eggshavegone"fromheroestovillainsandback

again".Don'tsaynotoallredmeaton(7)grounds；occasionalsmallquantitiesofhigh-quality

unprocessedmeatprovideimportantvitaminsandironandare"probablygoodforyou".Exerciseisso

goodforlongevityandhappinessthatitshouldbeconsideredourNo1drug,buttheonethingfbrwhich

it's(8)uselessislosingweight.Vitaminpillsareamultibillion-poundindustrywithalmostno

proven(9)butwhichcancauserealharm.EvenvitaminD,whichSpectorusedtostudyand

believein,henow(10).

Spectoralsooffersmorethanasetofcurrently(11)tips.Thescienceofnutritionhasnotbeen

solvedbyhim,ashewouldbethefirsttoadmit.Hismost(12)pointisthatthereisnoonesize

thatfitsall.Ourbodiesarecomplex,andourreactionsare(13)：yetnobodywantstopayfor

theresearchthatmightexplainwhy.

Somecombinationoffoodchoices,genes,environmentandthechemicalreactionsgeneratedbyour

microbiome一theuniquemicrobe(微生物的)combinationsinourbody—yesdifferent(14)

foreachofus,leavingsomeleanandtwothirdsofustoofat.ThisistheterritorySpectorwantstoexplore

furtherandwhichmightjustallowusto(15)theglobaltrendtoobesity,withalltheriskswe've

witnessedthisyear.

1)A.well-knownB.aim-orientedC.ill-foundedD.long-lived

3.A.certainaboutB.ignorantofC.capableofD.worriedabout

4,A.decisionsB.coursesC.focusesD.suggestions

5.A.factsB.chancesC.reasonsD.features

6.A.investigateB.demandC.concentrateD.spend

7.A.suppliesB.shortagesC.standardsD.myths

8.A.cultureB.historyC.economyD.health

9.A.equallyB.practicallyC.sociallyD.impossibly

10.A.effectivenessB.consciousness

C.competitivenessD.emptiness

11.A.servesB.sharesC.recognizesD.dismisses

12.A.pointlessB.topicalC.defensibleD.additional

13.A.emotionalB.significantC.questionableD.forgivable

14.A.individualB.unpredictableC.importantD.available

15.A.changesB.outcomesC.profitsD.addicts

16.A.startB.analyzeC.stopD.reflect

D

Thelasttimethehorseseriouslycompetedwithman-madetransportforspeedwas1830,whena

stagecoachwonaraceagainstAmerica'sfirstdomesticallymanufacturedsteamlocomotive（蒸汽機車）.

Nowhorsekindhasemergedvictoriousoverwhatisintheoryafarmorepowerfulopponent一the

broadbandinternetconnection.

ThecontestoverthegentlyrollinghillsoftheSauerland,aprettydistrictinwesternGermany,startedas

ajoke.

Klaus-PeterKappest,aphotographerfromOberkirchen,hadbeenfrustratedforyearsbytheslowpaceof

hisuploads.At15megabits（比特，一種信息量單位）persecond,itsometimestakeshimseveralhours

tosendabatchofhigh-resolutionimagestohisclients.OnedayMrKappest,52,waschattingtohis

colleaguesatWoll,alocalmagazine.Hesuggestedthathewouldbebetteroffdeliveringhisphotographs

byhorse.nThatwasthemostreliablecommunicationstechnologyintheMiddleAges,"hesaid."Andthe

editorsaid,'Welllet'sdoitthen,let'sseewhichistrulyfaster."

MrKappestturnedtoJakobSchutte,ariderwholivesinthesamevillage,andFavo,hishorse.The

photographerburnt4.2GBofimagesontoaDVD,packeditintoabagandsentitoffwithFavoandMr

Schutteonthe10kmridetotheprinter'sofficeinSchmallenberg.

AtthesametimeheuploadedthedatathroughWeTransfer,apopularfile-sharingservice.Thecomputer

hada20-minuteheadstartwhileMrSchuttestartedoffdowntheroad,pastWilzenbergmountain.Favo

madethejourneyin104minutes.Thefiletransfer,however,wasnotfinisheduntilthehorsehadreturned

toOberkirchenmorethantwohourslater.Intotalittookfivehours.

Therewasaseriouspointbehindthestory.Germanyhaslongbeenknownforitspoorbroadbandand

mobileinternetcoverage,particularlyinthecountryside.Twoyearsagoareportbyanetworkregulator

foundthat29percentofinternetusersreceivedlessthanhalfthespeedtowhichtheywerecontractually

entitled.Whilethingshaveimproved,aglobalsurveycarriedoutthisyearfoundthatittookonaverage16

minutesandeightsecondstodownloada5GBfilmthroughaGermaninternetconnection-alittlebetter

thantheUKbutworsethanPuertoRicoandBarbados.

IntheSauerland,MrKappest*sarea,millionsofeuroshavebeenspentonanewnetworkbutthe

connectionshaveyettobeswitchedonindozensoftownsandvillages,includingOberkirchen.Thehorse

racediditsjob：MrKappesthassincebeenassuredthathisbroadbandwillbeupandrunningnextmonth.

17.Thestoryofastagecoachismentionedinthefirstparagraphmainlyto.

A.leadinthetopic

B.introduceanewrace

C.highlightahistoricalyear

D.correctpeople'smisunderstanding

18.WhichofthefollowingistrueofJakobSchutteandhishorse?

A.TheywerehiredbyWeTransfer.

B.TheyusedtoliveinSchmallenberg.

C.Theycompletedthetaskinlessthantwohours.

D.TheyspentfivehoursonthewaytoOberkirchen.

19.Whichofthefollowingisaconsequenceofthehorserace?

A.Germanywillrealizeitspoorbroadbandservice.

B.MrKappestwillsoonhaveabetterinternetconnection.

C.MoreeuroswillbespentonthenewnetworkintheSauerland.

D.OberkirchenwillbethefirstinGermanytostopanyhorserace,

20.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Germanyfallsbehindinwificonnection

B.Historyhardlyrepeatsitselfinnormalways

C.Uploadingphotographsinamodemworldisallthateasy

D.Horsepowerstillhasanadvantageinracewithvillagewifi

E

AChinesecoinfoundinaHampshirefieldsuggeststhatmedieval（中世名己）tradebetweenEnglandand

theFarEastwasmoreextensivethanpreviouslythought,ahistorianhassaid.

ThecoinoftheNorthernSongdynastydatesfrom1008-1016,butisofatypethatremainedinwideuse

inChinaforseveralhundredyears.

ItisthesecondChinesecoinfoundinamedievalcontextinEnglandandexpertssaidthatitsdiscovery

addedweighttotheideathatthetwocoinsweregenuinemedievallossesandnotdroppedbymodern

collectors.

ThecoinwasfoundbyadetectoristnearPetersfieldandabout20milesfromtheonlyotherChinesework

ofartfrommedievalEngland：apieceofblueandwhiteporcelain（瓷器）fromasmallcuporbowl,

whichcouldbeplacedinWinchesterinthe14thcentury.

CaitlinGreen,ahistorianattheUniversityofCambridge,suggestedinablogthatthecoinmighthave

beenbroughttoEnglandataboutthesametimeastheporcelain.

ShesaidthefindsofthiscoinandanotherNorthernSongdynastycoinof1066-77,unearthedinCheshire,

suggesttheWinchesterporcelainmayhavebeenpartoftheobjectsfromtheFarEastinthe14thcentury

ratherthanaone-off.ThiswascenturiesbeforeimportsofChinesegoodsbecamewidespreadinthe1600s,

butaboutthesametimeasChinesepotteryisknowntohavebeenownedbyroyalsinFranceandItaly.

ThehistoryofChinesegoodsinBritaingoesbackfurther,however,withrichRomanBritonsknownto

haveboughtChinesesilk.

DrGreensaidthatgoodsfromChinawouldhavereachedEnglandoverseveralstagesbywayofthe

MiddleEastandItaly.

21.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthetwoChinesecoinsmentionedinthepassage?

A.Theywereunearthedatthesamesite.

B.TheywerebelievedtohavearrivedatEnglandinthe1300s.

C.TheywerefoundtohavebeenownedbyroyalsinFranceandItaly.

D.Theyweredroppedbymodemcollectors.

22.Theword"one-off'(paragraph6)mostprobablymeans.

A.somethingthatdoesn'thappenregularly

B.somethingthatdoesn'thappenonlyonce

C.somethingthathappensonasmallscale

D.somethingthathappensunexpected

23.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Chinesecoinhintsatvastmedievaltraderoute

B.CoinsandwhiteporcelaintracebacktoancientChina

C.ChinesesilkpointsatalastingEngland-Chinarelationship

D.HistoryofChinesegoodsinBritainhasbeenredefined

F

Ourlivesaremadeupofhuman-machineinteractions—withsmartphones,televisions,

computers-thathavethepowertodelightand,often,frustrate.Intothisareahassteppedanewclass

ofprofessional：theuser-experience,orUX,designer,whosejobistoseeaproductnotfroman

engineer's,marketer's,orlegaldepartment'sperspectivebutfromtheviewpointoftheuseralone.And

toinsistthatthecustomershouldnothavetolearntospeakthecompany*sinternallanguage.The

companyshouldlearntospeakthecustomer's.

Accordingtoarecentsurvey,theroleofUXdesignershasbecomeafixtureonthoseyear-end

"hottestjob"lists.IfyouwanttostudyUX,younowhavetheoptionatsomethreedozeninstitutions

intheUnitedStates,includingCarnegieMellonandtheUniversityofWashington.ButFordisoneof

thefewmajorindustrialcompaniesintheU.S.toputaUXexpert,JimHackett,incharge.

Atpresent,thequestionfacingthecarindustryisbasicallywhetherhigh-techgiantssuchasTeslaand

Googlecanlearncar-makingtechnologytrainsfasterthanFord,GM,andothercarmakerscanlearn

softwareandalgorithms.ButHackettreflectsFord'sbetthatthewinnerwon'tbethebestchassis。氐

盤)makerorsoftwaremaker,butthecompanythatnailstheinteractionbetweenmanandmachine.

"OneofthethingsthatdrewmetoJimwashiscommitmenttodesignthinking,whichputsthehuman

beingatthecenteroftheequation,"explainedBillFord,thecompany'sexecutivechairman.

HackettretiredfromSteelcase,afurnituremaker,in2014andin2016,BillFordhiredhimtorun

theautomaker'sSmartMobilitysubsidiary,whichwastaskedwithrethinkingfromthegroundup

howcarswouldbedriven,powered,andowned.''Thisiswhatwecallthedesigngap,'*saidHackett

inaninterview,pointingtothespacebetweentwolinesonagraphhe'ddrawnonawhiteboard.One

lineclimbsup—thisisacompany'sskillatmakingthings,whichgoesupovertime.Belowitisa

downwardline,representingacompany*sunderstandingofthecustomer'sexperience.This,hesaid,

candeclineovertime,asacompanylosessightoftheproblemsit'sinthebusinessofsolving.The

designgapmaybenoticeablewhenthejobis,say,buildingamarginallybettertailgatefortheFord

F-150.Butitbecomespositivelyyawningwhenyourindustryissothoroughlyturnedonitsheadthat

you'reforcedtoasksomebasicquestions：Dopeoplewanttoowntheircarsorsharethem?Drive

themorhavethemdriven?Thefloodofnewtechnologiesmakeseverythingpossible.

24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesaUXdesigner'sresponsibility?

A.Heisdevotedtodesigninginnovativeproducts.

B.Heisdevotedtomakingaproductsatisfyusers1needs.

C.Heisdevotedtoimprovingacompany'sinternallanguage.

D.Heisdevotedtounderstandinghuman-machineinteractions.

25.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.UXdesignersareregardedasoneofthosebest-paidjobs.

B.High-techgiantshavetakentheleadincarmanufacturing.

C.Companiesarelayinggreateremphasisoncustomers1feelings.

D.TheUXcoursesprovidedbytheUSinstitutionsarefarfromenough,

26.FordhiresJimHackettbecausethecompanybelievesthat.

A.itiscurrentlyfacingthebiggestchallengethatneedsanewperspective

B.Hackett'sdesignthinkingisquitedifferentfromotherUXprofessionals

C.customers1experienceplaysadecisiveroleinthecar-makingcompetition

D.SteelcasegaveHackettenoughtimeandexperiencetogrowupintoanexpert

27.WhatisJimHackettmostlikelytoagreewith?

A.Fordshouldpaylessattentiontonewtechnologies.

B.Fordhaslongbeenignoringcustomers'experience.

C.Fordisnolongeraleadingcompanyinautomakingskills.

D.FordhasmadeawrongdecisiontobuildatailgatefortheF-150.

A.ButthecontentoftheCubeissowidethatitcanbeasymboloflogicalthinking,a

wayoflife.

B.Eventuallyhecameupwithasix-sidedstructurewithnineinterlockingcubesoneach

side.

C.Hismomentofinspii'ationcameinthespringof1974.

D.IamforcedtoadmitthatIhaven*tsolvedityet.

E.RubikwasbomtowardstheendoftheSecondWorldWartoanaircraftengineer

fatherandapoetmother.

F.ThefollowingyearhewasofferedthechancetotakehisinventiontoatoyfairinNew

York.

TheCubehashisownvoice1

IarriveattheSzepilonaBisztro,onaleafyroadonthe"Buda"sideofBudapest,holdingaRubik's

Cubeandsearchingforthemanwhohadcreateditalmost50yearsago.Ifeelunworthytohavelunch

withEmoRubik,nottheleastreasonofwhichisbecausetheCubeIamholdinghasneverbeen

solved.

Rubikanivespunctually.He'sbeencomingtothisrestaurantsincethelate1960s,whenhewasa

graduatestudent,beforehehadinventedoneoftheworld'smostsuccessfulpuzzles-acubewith43

quintillioncombinations,onlyoneofwhichiscoiTect.

(1)Atthattime,Rubikwaslivinginhisfamily'sapartmentonagrandavenueonthe

"Pest1'sideofthecity.Hewasaprofessorofarchitecture,buthisroomwas"likeachild'spocket,

fullofmarblesandtreasures11.

Inanattempttohelpstudentsunderstandthree-dimensionalproblems,hetriedtobuildasetofcubes

thatstayedtogetherbutcouldalsomoveindependently.(2)Hepaintedeachsideadifferent

colour.Butafterhehadtwistedit,herealisedthathecouldnoteasilyreturnittoitsoriginalstate.

"Itwasamoredifficulttasktofindasystemtosolveitthanithadbeentocreatethethingitself71he

says.Intheend,ittookhimamonth.Andsolvingitgavehima"happyfeelingoffreedom'1,hesaid

atthetiine.TheRubik'sCubewasborn,andtodatemorethan450millionhavebeensold,thecraze

reachingitspeakintheearly1980s.

Rubikwas29whenhe"discovered"theCubein1974.By1979,Rubikhadsold300,000.(3)

Fromthere,itspreadacrosstheworld,withsome100Rubik'sCubesbeingsoldinonlythree

years.

"Ican'timaginetherebeingahighertypeforitthantherehadbeeninthe’80s,"hesays.Hemotions

tomyCube.(4)RubikcomfortsmewithaJapanesesloganfromthe1980s,coinedfora

game："aminutetolearnandalifetimetomaster".

28.A.AB.BC.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

29.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

30.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

31.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

32.Smalltalk

Smalltalkisoftenthoughtofasunimportant,orperhapsworse,asubstituteforrealspeechand

thoughtincommonopinion.Nevertheless,researchsuggeststheywillbenefit.

Onereasonforsmalltalk'sbadreputationisthatittends,forobviousreasons,toaimforthelowest

commondenominator(分母).Inritualizeddialogue,littleinformationisexchanged.uHello"signals

nothingatall."Howareyou?”rarelygetsafullyhonestanswer.

However,linguistscallthatcrucialhello,talkphatic(交流情感的)BronislawMalinowski,

whocoinedtheterminthe1920s；explainedthatinphatictalktiesofunionarecreatedbyamere

exchangeofwords."Ifyouknowliterallynothingaboutsomeoneyoucanstillsafelypresumethey

prefersuntorain,andbegintoestablishaconnectiononthatbasis.Ifyourbusortrainissuddenly

stuck,anevenbetteropportunityarises.Youcanbesureyourfellowpassengersarenothappyabout

it,andasharedgrousingsessionmakesthem-andyou-feellessalonewithyourinconvenience.

Atwork,smalltalkmayseemadistractionfromwhatemployeesarepaidtodo.Butthereisa

spectrumbetweenemptytalk("Hello1'),socialtalk("Howwasyourholiday?”),socialtalk

relevanttowork("IsSarahstillonholiday?")andpurebusinesstalk("HasSarahfinishedthat

report?"）.AstudyofgovernmentdepartmentsinNewZealandbyJanetHolmesshowshow

frequentlypeopleswitchbetweenthosemodes,eveninbriefconversations.Thatsuggestsafunction

beyondfillingawkwardgaps.Amongotherthings,suchchattercanbondequalstogetherinashared

task.Shealsofindsthatbossesaremorelikelytoinitiatesmalltalkswithsubordinatesthantheother

round（aswellastocutitoff）.Thisisbecause,evenwithoutbeingtold,agoodmanagerrealises

thatitcansoftenafollowinginstruction.

33.這家咖啡館讓我想起了二十世紀(jì)五六十年代的茶館。（remind）（漢譯英）

34.最大挑戰(zhàn)可能在于如何重塑員工對公司的信心。（lie）（漢譯英）

35.這位教練既對孩子們要求嚴(yán)格，也不遺余力地呵護(hù)著他們對足球的熱愛。（effort）（漢

譯英）______

36.50年前，這里還是人跡罕至的海灘，與今天的游人如織迥然不同。（contrast）（漢譯

英）______

37.假設(shè)你是明啟中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李明，最近收到英國筆友Mike的郵件。在郵件中，他提到

自己因為剛來上海讀大學(xué)，生活（如飲食和同學(xué)交流）和學(xué)習(xí)（如中文授課）上都不太習(xí)慣。

回復(fù)一封郵件，內(nèi)容須包括：

1）你的建議；

2）你的理由。

（1）

⑵

答案和解析

1.【答案】【小題1】took

【小題2】which/that

【小題3】sailing

【小題4]that

【小題5]isstillfelt

【小題6]as

【小題7]topick

【小題8】outof

【小題9]helped

【小題10]lessdamaging

【解析】(1)考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：旅游業(yè)從上個世紀(jì)中葉開始騰飛，此后一直在增長。根據(jù)

inthemiddleofthelastcenlury可知，本句的時態(tài)應(yīng)該用一般過去時，所以謂語動詞用過去式。故

填tooko

(2)考查定語從句。句意：特別是在過去的十年里，越來越多的人去了我們以前只在電視上讀到

或看到的地方旅行。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是定語從句，先行詞是places指物，且從句中缺少

賓語，所以用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。

(3)考直現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：一艘大型游輪可以搭載多達(dá)6000名乘客，目前有超過50艘這樣的船

在海上航行。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用非謂語動詞作后置定語，又因為sail和ships之間是主動

關(guān)系，所以用非謂語動詞中的現(xiàn)在分詞。故填sailing。

(4)考查同位語從句。句意：由于郵輪往往一遍又一遍地訪問相同的地方，從而將廢物集中在特

定的地方，這一事實使任何有害影響變得更加嚴(yán)重。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)再根據(jù)抽象名詞fact可知，空

格后是同位語從句來解釋說明fact的具體內(nèi)容，且從句中不缺成分，所以用that來引導(dǎo)。故填that。

(5)考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：盡管攀登喜馬拉雅山的人遠(yuǎn)少于乘船游覽的人，但人們?nèi)阅?/p>

感受到它們的影響。分析句意可知，主句謂語動詞feel和主句主語impact之間是被動關(guān)系，且時

態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，所以此處用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，主語抽象概念，所以be動詞用is。故填

isstillfelto

(6)考查連詞。句意：旅游業(yè)對尼泊爾的經(jīng)濟(jì)至關(guān)重要，就像它對許多非工業(yè)國家一樣。分析句

意可知，此處用連詞as表示"正如、像……一樣”符合語境，引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。故填as。

（7）考查動詞不定式。句意：在過去的幾年里，當(dāng)?shù)睾蛧H登山者組成的清理小組一直在組織徒

步旅行，只是為了收集垃圾。分析句意可知，此處用動詞不定式表目的。故填topick。

（8）考查固定短語。句意：多年來，地中海沿岸的建設(shè)已經(jīng)失去控制。分析句意可知，此處用固

定短語outofconlrol表示"失控"符合語境。故填outof。

（9）考查過去分詞。句意：低成本航空旅行正在蓬勃發(fā)展，盡管有經(jīng)濟(jì)問題，或者可能受到經(jīng)濟(jì)

問題的幫助。help非謂語動詞，分析句意再根據(jù)空格后表被動的by可知，此處用過去分詞表被動。

故填helped,

（10）考查比較級。句意：那么，有沒有不那么有害的看待世界的方式呢？分析句意可知，此處

應(yīng)該用形容詞的比較級形式表示“危害較小"，又因為damaging是多音節(jié)形容詞，所以用less構(gòu)成

比較級，lessdamaging作定語，修飾名詞ways。故填lessdamaging.

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了旅游業(yè)對地球環(huán)境的影響。

語法填空考查學(xué)生英語綜合知識的運用，做題時要首先明確短文大意，從詞語搭配，固定句型，

語法，時態(tài)等方面綜合考慮，結(jié)合上下文語境找出正確答案。

2.【答案】【小題1】G

【小題2】E

【小題3】C

【小題4】K

【小題5】B

【小題6]I

【小題7】F

【小題8]J

【小題9】A

[小題10]D

【解析】（1）考查動詞不定式。句意：長期以來，人類一直通過語言進(jìn)行交流，并發(fā)明了更復(fù)雜

的工具，使我們的物種得以生存和發(fā)展。結(jié)合句意表示"生存”應(yīng)用動詞survive,此處為短語enable

sb.todosth.故填surviveo故選G。

（2）考查形容詞。句意：我們的大腦與身體的比例甚至不是最大的一許多鳥類的大腦占其體重的

8%以上，而人類的這一比例僅為2.5%。結(jié)合句意表示"相對于"可知短語為relativeto。故填relative。

故選E。

（3）考查動詞不定式。句意：然而，人類的大腦在完全發(fā)育時重約3磅，它賦予我們推理和思考

的能力，這是動物界其他動物所無法比擬的。結(jié)合句意表示"推理”可知應(yīng)填動詞reason,此處為

不定式作后置定語修飾名詞ability。故填reason。故選C。

（4）考查可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意：它給了我們愛因斯坦、莫扎特和許多其他天才的作品。作賓語，

表示"作品"，結(jié)合后文ofEinstein,Mozartandmanyothergeniuses可知應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)名詞works。故填

workso故選K?

（5）考查副詞。句意：但我們可能永遠(yuǎn)無法確切地知道語言起源于何時何地。修飾動詞know,

結(jié)合句意表示“確切地"應(yīng)用副詞precisely,故填precisely。故選B。

（6）考查可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意：化石、DNA證據(jù)、與其他動物的比較以及對語言如何隨時間

變化的研究都提供了線索，但口語本身幾乎沒有留下痕跡。作賓語，結(jié)合句意表示"痕跡"應(yīng)用名

詞trace,few修飾應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填traces。故選I。

（7）考查形容詞。句意：黑猩猩用手勢和聲音來交流地位和其他復(fù)雜的社會信息。作定語，結(jié)合

句意表示“社會"應(yīng)用