第十三章動詞-ing形式(思維導(dǎo)圖+知識梳理+好題精煉)2022-2023初中英語中考語法歸納

第十三章動詞-ing形式思維導(dǎo)圖知識梳理一、動名詞的定義動詞-ing形式分為兩類:動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞.動名詞在句中起名詞作用,現(xiàn)在分詞在句中起形容詞或副詞作用.動名詞是一種動詞的非謂語形式,它兼有動詞和名詞的特征,由動詞原形加詞尾-ing而成,其構(gòu)成法與現(xiàn)在分詞一樣.動名詞有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化.(以do為例)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二、動詞-ing形式的句法作用從性質(zhì)上講,動詞的-ing形式相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞、副詞.因此,它在句中可用作主語、表語、定語、賓語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語.(一)作主語動詞-ing形式作主語通常表示一種抽象的動作概念,即泛指某種行為或動作.Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.吃得太多對身體健康有害.Isplayingbasketballafterlunchgoodorbadforyourhealth?吃完午飯就打籃球?qū)ι眢w健康有益還是有害?Travellingabroadcanwidenone'soutlook.出國旅行會擴(kuò)大人們的視野.點(diǎn)撥(1)動詞-ing形式短語作主語,通常有兩種位置:一是放在句首,如上述例句所示;一是用it作形式主語,而將-ing分詞短語移到謂語部分之后,以避免句子結(jié)構(gòu)頭重腳輕.Havinghisbrotherherewillmakehimhappier.Itwillmakehimhappierhavinghisbrotherhere.讓他的兄弟待在這里將會使他高興一些.Swimminginthisriverisdangerous.Itisdangerousswimminginthisriver.在這條河中游泳很危險.(2)動詞-ing形式作主語還可以用于“Thereisno+-ing形式”(····是不可能的)結(jié)構(gòu).Thereisnosmokinghere.這里不許吸煙.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.這件事開不得玩笑.(二)作表語動詞-ing形式(短語)作表語有時起名詞作用,泛指動作,有時起形容詞作用,指主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài).Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.他的愛好是集郵.Thenewsisexciting.這消息令人興奮.Thefoodsmellsinviting.這道菜香味怡人.Myfavouritesportisplayingtabletennis.我最喜歡的運(yùn)動是乒乓球.Theonlythingsheisinterestedinisdancing.她唯一感興趣的就是跳舞.點(diǎn)撥不要把作表語的-ing形式與進(jìn)行時態(tài)相混淆.-ing形式作表語表示主語的某種特征,而進(jìn)行時態(tài)則表示正在進(jìn)行的動作.試比較:Herjobisteaching.她的工作是教書.(teaching是表語)Sheisteachingtherenow.她正在那兒上課.(isteaching是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài))(三)作定語動詞-ing形式作定語只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等,置于被修飾詞之前.aworkingmethod工作方法adiningcar餐車aswimmingpool游泳池buildingmaterials建材(四)作賓語在某些動詞:suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can'thelp,mind(在乎),admit,advise,consider,deny,enjoy,require,postpone,delay,practise,fancy,excuse,pardon,miss(錯過)等后面不能用不定式,而必須用動名詞作為賓語.Ican'thelplaughing.我禁不住笑了起來.Returnthebooktothelibraryassoonasyoufinishreadingit.你一看完這本書就還回圖書館.HeenjoyswatchingTVplays.他喜歡看電視劇.點(diǎn)撥有些動詞后既可用動名詞,也可用不定式.在動詞love,like,begin,start,continue等后,既可用動名詞作賓語,也可用不定式作賓語,有時兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的意義差別不大.(五)作賓語補(bǔ)足語動詞的-ing形式用作賓語補(bǔ)足語,常用在:see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,feel,get,have等動詞之后,與一個名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語;其中賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語是主謂關(guān)系.Isawhimwalkingacrossthestreet.我看見他穿過街道.Hekeptmewaitingforalongtime.他讓我等了很長時間.Wewatchedthearmymarchingdownthestreettowardsthepark.我們觀看部隊(duì)沿街道朝公園行走.Iheardherplayingthepiano.我聽見她在彈鋼琴.點(diǎn)撥在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等動詞之后,既可用動詞-ing形式也可用(不帶to的)動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語:如用動詞-ing形式,通常表示動作正在進(jìn)行;用動詞不定式,則表示(或強(qiáng)調(diào))動作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程.(六)作狀語動詞的-ing形式短語作狀語時,通常都表示主語正在進(jìn)行的另一動作,用來對謂語動詞表示的動作加以修飾或作為陪襯,它可表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨動作,相當(dāng)于相對應(yīng)的狀語從句.Seeingtheteacherenteringtheroom,thestudentsstoodup.=Whenthestudentssawtheteacherenteringtheroom,theystoodup.學(xué)生(們)看見老師進(jìn)房間,都站了起來.(兩個動作同時發(fā)生)Beingill,Iwenthome.=BecauseIwasill,Iwenthome.由于生病,我回家了.Thesnowlastedaweek,resultinginaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea.=Thesnowlastedaweek,soitresultedinaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea.雪下了一個星期,造成整個地方的嚴(yán)重交通混亂.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.過馬路時,要小心.Thestudentswalkedoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.學(xué)生們有說有笑走出教室.點(diǎn)撥動名詞也可以和about,against,at,before,after,by,besides,for,from,in,on,upon,without等介詞構(gòu)成短語,作狀語用.Withoutsayinggood-bye,shelefthim.未告別,她就離開了他.Afterreadingthepassagetwice,hebegantodotheexercises.這段文章看了兩遍后,他就開始做練習(xí)了.UponreturningfromBeijing,hewenttovisithisfriend.從北京一回來,他馬上就去拜訪朋友.三、-ing分詞的否定式-ing分詞是動詞的一種非限定形式,其否定式是一律在其前面加否定詞“not”或“never”構(gòu)成.如:Ithinkitwilldoyoualotofgoodnotgoing.我覺得不去對你會有好處的.Ileftatnoon,notstayingforlunch.我是中午走的,沒有留下來吃午飯.I'msorryfornothavinginformedyouofthemeeting.抱歉沒通知你開會.Iregretnothavinggonetogetherwithher.我后悔沒有跟她一起去.四、-ing分詞常用于下列句型中It'snouse...It'snogood...Havingdifficulty/trouble...Thereisno...It'snousedoingexperimentsbutnotconsideringtheresults.不考慮結(jié)果做實(shí)驗(yàn)沒有用.It'snogoodnotcombiningtheorywithpractice.不把理論和實(shí)踐結(jié)合就沒有用.Ihavetroublerunningalongdistance.我跑長跑有困難.Thereisnodenyingthefactthatwearestillbackward.不容否認(rèn),我們?nèi)匀宦浜?五、動名詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)-ing分詞也可以用于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),由“主格名詞或代詞＋-ing分詞”構(gòu)成,表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨情況等.Theclockstrikingeight,theybeganworking.時鐘敲了8響,他們就開始工作了.(表示時間)Theweatherbeingfine,wewentforawalk.由于天氣好,我們出去散散步.(表示原因)Timepermitting,we'llcometoseeyou.如果時間允許,我們就來看你.(表示條件)也可由“with/without+賓語＋-ing分詞”構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),表示伴隨情況.如:Youmustnotsitwithyourfeetpointingatanotherperson.坐著時不要把腳朝著別人.六、動名詞作賓語和動詞不定式作賓語含義不同部分動詞可加動名詞作賓語,也可加動詞不定式作賓語,但意思不同,如:(一)rememberdoingsth.表示“記得過去做過的一件事”,remembertodosth.表示“記得要去做某事”Irememberseeinghimoncesomewhere.我記得在哪里見過他一次.Remembertoseehimbeforehegoesaway.記住在他離開之前看他.(二)regretdoingsth.表示“對過去做過的事情后悔”,regrettodosth.表示“對還沒做或?qū)⒁龅氖虑楸硎具z憾”Iregrettellingyouthebadnews.我后悔把這個壞消息告訴你.IregrettosayI'munabletohelpyou.很抱歉我不能幫助你.(三)stopdoingsth.表示“停止正在做的事情”,stoptodosth.表示“停止什么,然后去做另一件事情”Let'sstoptalkingaboutit.咱們停止談?wù)撨@件事情吧.Westoppedtoseewhathappened.我們停下來去看發(fā)生了什么事情.(四)forgetdoingsth.表示“忘記曾做過某事”,forgettodosth.表示“忘記去做某事”Iforgotgivingthelettertoher.我忘了,已經(jīng)把信給她了.Iforgottoposttheletter.我忘記發(fā)信了.(五)trydoingsth.表示“嘗試著做某事”,trytodosth.表示“設(shè)法做某事”Let'strydoingtheworksomeotherway.我們用別的方法做這工作試試.Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.我們必須設(shè)法及時把一切搞好.(六)meandoingsth.表示“意味著,意思是”,meantodosth.表示“打算、想要”Thismeanshelpingyou.這意味著幫助你.Imeantohelphimwithit.我打算幫助他做這件事情.七、一些與動詞-ing形式有關(guān)的短語(一)表示有目的、有意識地進(jìn)行練習(xí)或訓(xùn)練某項(xiàng)技能:do+(some)+v.-ingdosomereading讀讀書dosomerunning跑跑步dosomewriting練練字ThisyearIamgoingtodomorespeaking.今年我要多練口語.(二)表示做一些籠統(tǒng)、不具體指明的事:do+(some)+v.-ingdosomeshopping去商店買東西(不指明買哪樣具體的東西)dosomewashing洗東西dosomecooking做飯dosomecleaning掃除dosomesewing縫紉(三)“go+v.-ing形式”大部分表示從事運(yùn)動、消遣或娛樂活動godancing去跳舞goswimming去游泳goskating去滑冰goskiing去滑雪goshooting去射擊goboating去劃船gofishing去釣魚gohunting去打獵goriding去騎馬gowalking去散步gorunning去跑步gosailing去航海八、-ing分詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)(一)-ing分詞的特點(diǎn):-ing分詞的時態(tài)分為一般式和完成式.一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作往往同時發(fā)生.完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前.Heinsistedonfinishingtheworkbeforegoinghome.他堅持在回家前一定要先完成工作.Hedidn'tmentionhavingmetme.他沒提及已見到了我.Istillrememberhavingeverworkedtogetherwithhim.我還記得曾經(jīng)與他一起共過事.(二)-ing分詞的語態(tài)-ing分詞的被動語態(tài)也有一般式和完成式兩種.Thelargehousebeingbuiltnearthefactoryisanewhospital.工廠附近正在施工的大樓是一座新的醫(yī)院.Havingbeensenttothewrongaddress,theletterdidnotreachher.那封信投錯了地址,她沒有收到.好題精練選擇填空1.Takingpictures_________veryinteresting.A.isB.areC.tobeD.be2._________thebadnewsmadehimcry.A.HearB.HeardC.HearingD.Ishearing3._________adeserthadalwaysbeenariskadventure.A.beingcrossed.HavingcrossedC.CrossingD.Tohavecrossed4.Beforehecame,I'dfinished_________thewholebook.A.toreadB.tohavereadC.readingD.read5.Ialwaysenjoy_________topopularmusicatnight.A.tolistenB.listeningC.thatIcanlistenD.ifIcanlisten6.Weareconsidering_________atriparoundtheisland.A.takeB.totakeC.tobetakingD.taking7.Ihopeyoudon'tmind_________atyournewspaper.A.IlookB.mylookingC.IlookingD.mytolook8.Whenaman'sheartstops_________,hedies.A.tobeatB.beatingC.beatD.beaten9.Ican'thelp_________heisstillalive.A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thoughtof10.SofarasIamconcerned,IpreferreadingA.thanmeatB.forjoyC.insteadofsleepingDtodrinking11.Itgoeswithout_________thatknowledgeisimportant.A.talkingB.tellingC.sayingD.mentioning12.wearelookingforward_________ourfriendsnextweek.A.toseeB.toseeingC.tobeseeingD.shallsee13.Hespentalotofmoney_________booksandmagazines.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.bought14.Thesilkwormisaninsectworth_________.A.toknowB.knowingC.tobeknownD.beingknown15.Shewentoutwithout_________good-byetous.A.sayB.tosayC.sayingD.beingsaid16.Thecuriousstudentkepton_________questions.A.asksB.askingC.toaskD.asked17.Heissuchastrangeperson;there's_________whathe'lldonext.A.noknowingB.nottoknowC.notknownD.beingunknown18.Whensheheardthebadnews,sheburst_________.A.intocryingB.outtotearsC.cryingD.outcrying19.Youmustnevercrossthestreetwithout_________thelighttoturngreen.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitingforD.towaitfor20.Scientistssucceed_________proteinoutofoldnewspapers.A.tomakeB.atmakingC.makingD.inmaking21.Ibecame_________afterwatchingtoomuchtelevision.A.boredB.boringC.boreD.bores22.Ifelt_________byhisinterestinmynewinvention.A.encourageBtoencourageC.wasencouragedD.encouraged23.Hesatthere_________anovel.A.readB.readingC.readsD.hadread24.Don'twakeupthe_________child.A.sleepB.sleptC.sleepingD.sleepy25.Aproverbgoes:"A_________stonegathersnomoss”.A.rollB.rollingC.rolledD.rolls26.Theheavyrainkeptus_________fortwohours.A.wai