人教版（2019）選擇性必修 第二冊(cè)Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land期末復(fù)習(xí)敲重點(diǎn)學(xué)案（含答案）

Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand—2023-2024學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)期末復(fù)習(xí)敲重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)整合1learnsomenewwordsandexpressions2haveafurtherunderstandingoftheunit3learnandmasterpastparticiple思維導(dǎo)圖回顧知識(shí)重難知識(shí)易混易錯(cuò)過(guò)去分詞一、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與動(dòng)詞-ing形式的比較1.過(guò)去分詞和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而動(dòng)詞-ing形式則表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系。如：Wewereamazedtofindthatnoonewashurt.我們很驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)竟沒(méi)有人受傷。Bytheway,themachineissimplyamazing.順便提一句，這臺(tái)機(jī)器簡(jiǎn)直太了不起了。Doyoufeelfrightenedwhenwalkinghomealoneinthedark?你在黑夜單獨(dú)走路回家會(huì)感到害怕嗎？Walkinghomealoneinthedarkcanbefrightening.在黑夜單獨(dú)走路回家可能是很可怕的。2.過(guò)去分詞和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般在句子中表示時(shí)間、原因或伴隨狀態(tài)等。過(guò)去分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，往往含有完成義，而動(dòng)詞-ing形式則表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系。如：Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.從山上看時(shí)，這座城市非常美。Seeingthepolice,hemadearunfortheexit.一看到警察他就向出口奔去。.Influencedbyhisexample,theyperformedcountlessgooddeeds.在他事跡的影響下，他們做了無(wú)數(shù)的好事。Hesatatthetable,readingamagazine.他坐在桌子旁看雜志。二、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)1.過(guò)去分詞可放在連系動(dòng)詞be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等之后作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)所處的情緒或狀態(tài)。Heseemedquitedelightedatthenews.聽(tīng)到那個(gè)消息他似乎很高興。Thedoorremainedlocked.門(mén)仍然鎖著。2.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別“be+過(guò)去分詞”表示狀態(tài)時(shí)，是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)的過(guò)去分詞通常已形容詞化；表示動(dòng)作時(shí)，是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且絕大多數(shù)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者由介詞by引出。Thebookiswellwritten.這本書(shū)寫(xiě)得很好。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)）ThebookwaswrittenbyMoYan.這本書(shū)是莫言寫(xiě)的。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)所承受的動(dòng)作）3.英語(yǔ)中有很多與感覺(jué)有關(guān)的使令動(dòng)詞，其現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，即“令人……的”，多用來(lái)修飾物；其過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義，即“感到……的”，多用來(lái)修飾人、人的聲音或表情等。常用的這類詞有：amazing令人驚訝的amazed驚訝的surprising令人吃驚的surprised吃驚的exciting令人激動(dòng)的excited激動(dòng)的astonishing令人驚訝的astonished感到驚訝的inspiring鼓舞人心的inspired受鼓舞的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged受鼓舞的interesting有趣的interested感興趣的frightening令人害怕的frightened受驚的moving感人的moved感動(dòng)的pleasing令人高興的pleased高興的shocking令人震驚的shocked感到震驚的tiring令人疲憊的tired疲憊的worrying令人擔(dān)心的worried擔(dān)心的satisfying令人滿意的satisfied感到滿意的puzzling令人迷惑的puzzled困惑的注意：有些使令動(dòng)詞，如dress，seat，absorb等，其過(guò)去分詞無(wú)論作定語(yǔ)還是表語(yǔ)，都無(wú)被動(dòng)的意味。因?yàn)閐ressoneselfin等于bedressedin；seatoneselfon等于beseatedon；absorboneselfin等于beabsorbedin。這種現(xiàn)象緣于反身代詞的用法：主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)為同一人，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，又是動(dòng)作的承受者，這就出現(xiàn)了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或過(guò)去分詞不表示“被動(dòng)”的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。三、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）在句中作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨等。1.表示時(shí)間過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Askedabouthisimpressionoftheapartment,hemadenoanswer.=Whenhewasaskedabouthisimpressionoftheapartment,hemadenoanswer.當(dāng)被問(wèn)到他對(duì)公寓的印象時(shí)，他沒(méi)有回答。2.表示原因過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。Seriouslyinjured,hehadtobetakentothehospital.=Becausehewasseriouslyinjured,hehadtobetakentothehospital.由于他傷得很嚴(yán)重，只能把他送到醫(yī)院。Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.=Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.由于被這個(gè)故事深深地感動(dòng)了，孩子們哭了起來(lái)。3.表示條件過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作條件狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。United,westand;divided,wefall.=Ifweareunited,westand;ifwearedivided,wefall.團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。4.表示讓步過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作讓步狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Rejectedmanytimes,hedidn'tloseheart.=Thoughhewasrejectedmanytimes,hedidn'tloseheart.他雖然被拒絕了多次，但并沒(méi)有失去信心。5.表示方式或伴隨過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)并列句。Theboyslidoutofhisroom,followedbyhispetdog.=Theboyslidoutofhisroomandwasfollowedbyhispetdog.那個(gè)男孩溜出了房間，后面跟著他的寵物狗。注意：（1）過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)，前面可以帶有相應(yīng)的連詞（詞組），如when，until，though，although，asif，asthough，if，unless等，表時(shí)間、讓步、方式、條件等。When（theyare）exposedtolight,potatoeswillturngreen.馬鈴薯在光的照射下會(huì)變綠。（2）句子主語(yǔ)和過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，和現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)）之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。試比較：Caughtinaheavyrain,hewaslatefortheinterview.由于碰上了一場(chǎng)大雨，所以他面試遲到了。Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawsomestudentssweepingupthebitsofpaper.朝窗外望去，我看見(jiàn)一些學(xué)生正在清掃紙屑。（3）過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)要一致。如果主語(yǔ)不一致，要在分詞前加上邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.（×）Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice（√）小偷如果被抓，會(huì)受到警方的懲罰。Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.（hisface是分詞covered的邏輯主語(yǔ)）那個(gè)男孩跑進(jìn)教室，臉上全是汗。（4）有些過(guò)去分詞已形容詞化，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的某種情緒或狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的這類形容詞化的過(guò)去分詞有satisfied，surprised，interested，moved，worried，pleased，disappointed等。Disappointedattheexaminationresult,thegirlstoodtherewithoutsayingaword.因?yàn)閷?duì)考試成績(jī)很失望，那個(gè)女孩站在那兒一句話也沒(méi)說(shuō)。練習(xí)：1.Onceyou've__________(break)thecapofabottlethere'snowayyoucanputitbacktogetheragain.2.__________(dress)inawhiteuniform,helookslikeacook.3."TalkandTalk"isanewprogramme________(aim)atopeningadoortotheoutsideworldforstudents.4.________(occupy)inthepreparationsforthepressconferenceallday,shecouldn’taffordanymoretimefortheparty.5.Attheroutineofficemeeting,theheadmasterinsistedthattheproblems________(refer)tobepaidspecialattentionto.6.Hestoodinshame,hisheaddownandeyes_________(lower).7.Inmanycountries,packetsofcigarettescomewithagovernmenthealthwarning______(attach)tothem.8.______(base)ondifferentconditions,differentruleshavebeenmadeinthisschool.9.Withtheireyes_____(focus)ontheblackboard,thestudentsdidn’tknowwhathappenedoutsidetheclassroom.10.Thepoorwomanhadallhermoney______(steal).Shecouldn'taffordtoseethedoctor.答案：1.答案：broken解析：一旦你打破了瓶蓋,就不可能再把它裝回去了。break"打破",在狀語(yǔ)從句中強(qiáng)調(diào)從句的動(dòng)作業(yè)已發(fā)生,要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故填broken。2.答案：Dressed解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他穿著白色制服，看上去像個(gè)廚師。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知dress在句中應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，與邏輯主語(yǔ)he構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。句首單詞首字母要大寫(xiě)。故填Dressed。3.答案：aimed解析：考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：“TalkandTalk”是一項(xiàng)旨在為學(xué)生打開(kāi)外部世界大門(mén)的新節(jié)目。動(dòng)詞aim和programme之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)作后置定語(yǔ)。故填aimed。4.答案：occupied解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:一整天忙于新聞發(fā)布會(huì)的準(zhǔn)備工作,她沒(méi)有時(shí)間參加派對(duì)了。sb.beoccupiedinsth.表示"某人忙于做某事"，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)填occupied,首字母大寫(xiě)。故填occupied。5.答案：referred解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在日常辦公會(huì)議上，校長(zhǎng)堅(jiān)稱提到的問(wèn)題應(yīng)該特別關(guān)注。此處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)，problem和referto(提到)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填referred。6.答案：lowered解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:他羞愧地站在那里低著頭,低著限睛。本句為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),邏輯主語(yǔ)eyes與lower之間被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填lowered。7.答案:attached解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。句意:在很多國(guó)家,香煙盒上都附有政府健康警告。因?yàn)閣arning和attach之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填attached。8.答案：Based解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:根據(jù)不同的情況,這所學(xué)校制訂了不同的規(guī)則。base與differentrules之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ed形式。故填Based。9.答案：focused解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主句的主語(yǔ)是thestudents,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞didn'tknow,thestudentsdidn'tknowwhathappenedoutsidetheclassroom與前一句之間沒(méi)有連詞,而且是逗號(hào),因此逗號(hào)前一句是with+名詞+分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ),focus應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)形式,根據(jù)focus與邏輯主語(yǔ)eyes之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故要用過(guò)去分詞focused。故填focused。10.答案：stolen解析：考查過(guò)去分詞。句意:這個(gè)可憐的女人的所有的錢(qián)都被偷了。她請(qǐng)不起醫(yī)生。havesth.done使某件事/某物被……。故填stolen。核心素養(yǎng)對(duì)接高考1.SimoneBilesisthemostdecoratedAmericangymnast,withmorethantwodozenOlympicandWorldChampionshipmedalstohername.BornonMarch14,1997,inColumbus,Ohio,SimoneBileshasemergedasachampioninhersport.Sheandhersister,Adrina,①________(raise)bytheirgrandfatherRonandgrandmotherNellieaftertheirmother'sstrugglewithsubstanceabuse.RonandNellieeventually②_________(official)adoptedthetwogirls,andBilescallshergrandmother"Mom."NelliehasbeenaconstantsourceofsupportthroughBiles'riseintheworldof③_________(compete)athletics.SimoneBilesdemonstratedherabilitiesasagymnasticstalentatayoungage.④________(attract)bygymnasticsattheageofsixduringaday-carefieldtriptoBannonsGymnastix,sheremainedtherefor11yearsunderthe⑤_________(direct)ofhercoach,AimeeBoorman.Atthe2016OlympicsinRiodeJaneiro,shebecamethe⑥__________(one)AmericanfemalegymnasttowinfourgoldmedalsatasingleGames.ShewasgiventhehonorofbeingtheTeamUSAflagbearerduring⑦_(dá)__________Olympics'closingceremony.Therewerehigh⑧__________(expectation)forBilesassheenteredthe2020TokyoGames,⑨_________weredelayeduntil2021.However,shewithdrew⑩__________mosteventsduetoamedicalcondition.2.Atthe①_______(begin)ofthe21stcenturyChinahadnohigh-speedrailways.Slowandoftenuncomfortabletrainsranslowlyacrossthishugecountry,②_______(make)journeyssuchasShanghai—Beijing③_______testoftravelendurance.Today,it'sa④_______(total)differentpicture.Theworld'smostpopulousnationhastheworld's⑤_______(large)networkofhigh-speedrailways.Since2008nofewerthan37,900kilometersoflineshavecriss-crossed(縱橫交錯(cuò))thecountry,linkingallofitsmajor⑥_______(city).Halfofthetotal⑦_(dá)______(complete)inthelastfiveyearsalone,withafurther3,700kilometersduetoopeninthecomingmonthsof2021.Thenetworkisexpectedtoincreaseinlength⑧_______morethan70,000kilometers,by2035.Withmaximumspeedsof350kphonmanylines,intercitytravelhasbeenchangedandtherulingpositionofairlineshasbeenbrokenonthebusiestroutes.Spain,⑨_______hasthemosthigh-speednetworksinEuropeandsitsinsecondplaceinthegloballeaguetable,isalittlefish⑩_______(compare)withjustover2,000milesoflinesbuiltforoperationatover250kph.Incontrast,theUKpresentlyhasjust107kilometerswhiletheUnitedStateshasonlyonerailroutethat(justabout)qualifiesforhigh-speedstatus.3.LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall①_____(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda②_____(shine)object.Yes,therebeneaththeleafytopofonetinycarrotwasherlong-lostweddingring.Pahlssonscreamed③_____loudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse."ShethoughtIhadhurt④_____(I),"saysPahlsson.Sixteenyears⑤_____(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring⑥_____(cook)ameal.Whenshewantedtoputtheringbackonlater,itwasgone.Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten,eight,andsix—hadpickeditup,butthegirlssaidtheyhadn't.Pahlssonandherhusband⑦_(dá)____(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing."Igaveuphopeoffindingmyringagain,"shesays.Sheneverreplacedit.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot⑧_____(sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,⑨_____itremaineduntilthecarrot'sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生長(zhǎng))throughit.ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas⑩_____wonder.答案：1.答案：1.wereraised2.officially3.competitive4.Attracted5.direction6.first7.the8.expectations9.which10.from解析：這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了美國(guó)體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員SimoneBiles的相關(guān)事跡。①考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:她和妹妹阿德麗娜在母親與藥物濫用作斗爭(zhēng)后,由祖父羅恩和祖母內(nèi)莉撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大。講述的過(guò)去的事,時(shí)態(tài)上是一般過(guò)去時(shí),主語(yǔ)Sheandhersister和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞raise是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填wereraised。②考查副詞。句意:羅恩和內(nèi)莉最終正式收養(yǎng)了這兩個(gè)女孩,Biles稱她的祖母為"媽媽"。副詞officially(正式地)作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞adopt。故填officially。③考查形容詞。句意:通過(guò)Biles在競(jìng)技體育界的崛起,內(nèi)莉一直是她的忠實(shí)支持者。形容詞competitive(有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞athletics。故填competitive。④考查過(guò)去分詞。句意:六歲時(shí),她在去BannonsGymnastix的托兒所實(shí)地旅行中被體操所吸引,在教練艾美?布爾曼的指導(dǎo)下,她在那里呆了11年。本句已有謂語(yǔ)remained且無(wú)連詞,動(dòng)詞attract用非謂語(yǔ)形式,邏輯主語(yǔ)she與動(dòng)詞attract是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng),作狀語(yǔ),首字母大寫(xiě)。故填A(yù)ttracted。⑤考查名詞。句意:六歲時(shí),她在BannonsGymnastix的托兒所實(shí)地考察中被體操所吸引,在教練艾美布爾曼的指導(dǎo)下,她在那里呆了Il年。underthedirectionofsb.表示"在某人的帶領(lǐng)下",這里指在她的教練的帶領(lǐng)下",名詞作介詞under的賓語(yǔ)。故填direction。⑥考查序數(shù)詞。句意:在2016年里約熱內(nèi)盧奧運(yùn)會(huì)上,她成為第一位在一屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得四枚金牌的美國(guó)女子體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員。the+序數(shù)詞+(名詞)+todosth.(第幾個(gè)做某事的人物),用序數(shù)詞first。故填first。⑦考查冠詞。句意:她被授予在奧運(yùn)會(huì)閉幕式上擔(dān)任美國(guó)隊(duì)旗手的榮譽(yù)。特指在奧運(yùn)會(huì)的閉幕式期間,用定冠詞the。故填the。⑧考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:當(dāng)Biles進(jìn)入2020屆東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)時(shí),人們對(duì)她的期望很高,東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)被推遲到了2021年。therebet句型中的be動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于be后面接的名詞的數(shù),這里be動(dòng)詞用的were,可知此處應(yīng)該填名詞expectation的復(fù)數(shù)形式expectations。故填expectations。⑨考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。句意:當(dāng)Biles進(jìn)入2020屆東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)時(shí),人們對(duì)她的期望很高,東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)被推遲到了2021年。此處是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是"the2020TokyoGames"指物,在從句中作主語(yǔ),用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。⑩考查介詞。句意:然而,由于身體狀況,她退出了大多數(shù)賽項(xiàng)。固定搭配withdrawfrom.(從…退出)。故填from。2.答案：1.beginning2.making3.a4.totally5.largest6.cities7.havebeencompleted8.to9.which10.compared解析：這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)的鐵路運(yùn)輸發(fā)展情況,如今這個(gè)世界上人口最多的國(guó)家擁有世界上最大的高速鐵路網(wǎng)。①考查名詞。句意:在21世紀(jì)初,中國(guó)還沒(méi)有高鐵。結(jié)合句意表示"在……的開(kāi)始"可知短語(yǔ)為atthebeginningof。故填beginning。②考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在這個(gè)幅員遼闊的國(guó)家里,緩慢且常常不舒服的火車行駛緩慢,使像上海到北京這樣的旅行成為對(duì)旅行耐力的考驗(yàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知make在句中應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,與上文句子構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故填making。③考查冠詞。句意:在這個(gè)幅員遼闊的國(guó)家里,緩慢且常常不舒服的火車行駛緩慢,使像上海到北京這樣的旅行成為對(duì)旅行耐力的考驗(yàn)。test為可數(shù)名詞,此處表泛指應(yīng)用不定冠詞,且test是發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞,應(yīng)用a。故填a。④考查副詞。句意:今天,情況完全不同了。修飾形容詞different應(yīng)用副詞totally,作狀語(yǔ)。故填totally。⑤考查最高級(jí)。句意:這個(gè)世界上人口最多的國(guó)家擁有世界上最大的高