2023屆高考英語閱讀理解話題分類-語言學(xué)習(xí)（含答案）

2023屆閱讀理解話題分類專練:語言學(xué)習(xí)

（共4題）

一、閱讀理解題（共4題）

1.Thecloserelationshipbetweenspeakersandtheirspeechhasledsomescholarstosuggestthat

languagedeterminestheviewwehaveoftheworldaroundus.Differentlanguagessegmentnatural

phenomenadifferently.Wenamesevencolorsintherainbow:violet,indigo,blue,green,yellow,orange

andred.Speakersofotherlanguagesmayseeonlyfour;asdidTurkishbeforeoursystemwasintroduced,

orevenasfewastwo,roughlythelightershadesversusthedarker.Thereisnothinginnatureto

demonstratehowweshouldchopupthespectrumoftherainbow,butwhenwehavelearnedagiven

language,wedistinguishtheshadesitdesignates,bothintherainbowandelsewherestudentsof

languageassumefromsuchasituationthatlanguagedeterminesmuchoftheandpatternsweseeinthe

worldaroundus,andthatitdirectsourconceptsandactions.

Changesinthechoiceoflanguage,then,mightmodifybehavior.Todaygasolinetrucksaregenerally

labeled"flammable（易燃的）Thein-prefixwastakenasequivalenttothatofwordslike"inactive",

wherein-meansnot".Itisactuallythein-ofwordslike"intense",whereitstrengthensthemeaning.The

word"inflammable",then,means"highlyflammable".Thefaultyinterpretationoflanguage,however;

determinedtheattitudesofmanyspeakers,whothenadjustedtheirbehaviorinrelationtothelanguage.

Prudenttruckownershavetakennoticeandchangedthewarningto"flammable*'.

SuchobservationsledWhorftoaconceptwithdeeperpatternsoflanguage,suchastheuseof

tensesinthelanguageofEurope.Tenseisthelinguisticexpressionortime.EnglishandotherEuropean

languagesgenerallyrequiretheirspeakerstoidentifythetimeofanevent,whetherpresent:Itisraining;

past:Itrained;orfuture:Itwillrain.Bycontrast,manylanguages,suchastheHopilanguageofNew

Mexico,lackexpressionfortense.Nordosuchlanguagesobjectifytime.InHopionecannotcountdays,

minutes,yearsasthoughtheywereobjectslikestones.Everydayexpressionslike"Threeyearswentby"

areimpossibleinHopi.

Comparingsuchlanguages,Whorfproposedthat"ouruseoftenseorourobjectifiedviewoftimeis

favorabletohistoricitysetandtoeverythingconnectedwiththekeepingofrecords."Thatistosay,

becauseofthepatternsforreferringtotimeinEnglishandotherlanguages,theirspeakersmaintain

recordsandemphasizebookkeeping,accounting,andthelike.Inaccordancewithit,onesconceptionof

theworldisrelativetothelanguageonelearns.

Whiletherelativityhypothesis（假設(shè)）hasattractedconsiderableattention,ithasneverbeen

experimentallydemonstratedtothevalid.AlargescaleattempttotesttheoutlookofHopi-speaking

childrenversusEnglishspeakingchildrenturnedouttobeinconclusive.Itremainsataskoffuture

scholarstodeterminewhetherthehypothesisisvalidandalsowhetheroneshouldassumeaweakor

strongpositionwithregardtoit.Clearlywearedeeplytiedtoournativelanguage.Butwhetherit

regulatesourperceptionsorourviewoftheworldisstillanopenquestion.

(1)Thecaseofthelabel"flammable"ismentionedtoprovethat.

A.languagescanaffectourchoicesofaction

B.prefixescanleadtodisastersifusedimproperly

C.sometruckdriverscanadjusttheirbehavior

D.misunderstandingcanhappenamongspeakers

(2)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheuseoftense.

A.reflectsdeeperpatternsofEuropeanlanguages

B.transformsabstractideasintoobjects

C.helpsavoidcertainambiguityinconceptsorideas

D.makesitpossibletomodernetheHopilanguage

(3)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Differentlanguagesoftenhavedifferentmethodsofkeepinghistoricalrecords.

B.Weneedmorestudiestofindoutifwearecloselyrelatedtoournativetongues.

C.Ourmothertongueshaveagreatinfluenceonourworldviewsandbehavior.

D.It'snoeasytasktoconfirmthelinkbetweenmothertonguesandourconcepts.

2.It'saprovenfactthatthewayinwhichwerememberthingschangesaswegetolder.Justlookatthe

differentwaysinwhichkidsandadultslearnlanguages.

____Theylearnbestbysingingsongs,mimicking(模仿)othersandplayinggames.Theycanlearn

torepeatwordsafteronlyhearingthemacoupleoftimes.

Adultsprefertoanalysealanguageandfindouthowitworksbeforetheystartspeaking.____It

alsoreflectsaningrained(根深蒂固的)learningstrategydevelopedthroughyearsoflifeexperience.

Onthesurface,itseemsthatkidslearnfaster.Theystartspeakinganewlanguagemorequicklyand

finditeasiertoremembernewvocabulary.____

Adultsaregenerallyabletoconcentrateforlongerperiodsoftime.Theyaren'tdistractedbyfriends

wantingtoplayfootballorthinkingaboutwhattheywantforChristmasnextyear.

Maturelearnersalsohavetheirownlearningstrategy.____

Peoplehavemoretroublelearningnewvocabularyastheygetolder.However;withthecorrect

training,anadultlearner'sbrainwilladapt.____

So,insummary,byadaptingyourlearningstyleandplayingtoyourstrengths,it'snevertoolateto

learnalanguage!

(1)

A.Kidsliketobeactiveandinvolved.

B.Languagelearningcanpreventmemorylossinolderpeople.

C.Theyknowwhatworksforthemandareabletoplantheirstudiesaccordingly.

D.Motivationisanotherfactorthatcanbeanadvantageforolderlearners.

E.Thisisofteninfluencedbyfearoffailure.

F.Tolearnaforeignlanguagereallyopensopportunitiesbothlocallyandabroad.

G.However;adultshavecertainadvantages,too.

⑵

A.Kidsliketobeactiveandinvolved.

B.Languagelearningcanpreventmemorylossinolderpeople.

C.Theyknowwhatworksforthemandareabletoplantheirstudiesaccordingly.

D.Motivationisanotherfactorthatcanbeanadvantageforolderlearners.

E.Thisisofteninfluencedbyfearoffailure.

F.Tolearnaforeignlanguagereallyopensopportunitiesbothlocallyandabroad.

G.However,adultshavecertainadvantages.too.

⑶

A.Kidsliketobeactiveandinvolved.

B.Languagelearningcanpreventmemorylossinolderpeople.

C.Theyknowwhatworksforthemandareabletoplantheirstudiesaccordingly.

D.Motivationisanotherfactorthatcanbeanadvantageforolderlearners.

E.Thisisofteninfluencedbyfearoffailure.

F.Tolearnaforeignlanguagereallyopensopportunitiesbothlocallyandabroad.

G.However;adultshavecertainadvantages.too.

(4)

A.Kidsliketobeactiveandinvolved.

B.Languagelearningcanpreventmemorylossinolderpeople.

C.Theyknowwhatworksforthemandareabletoplantheirstudiesaccordingly.

D.Motivationisanotherfactorthatcanbeanadvantageforolderlearners.

E.Thisisofteninfluencedbyfearoffailure.

F.Tolearnaforeignlanguagereallyopensopportunitiesbothlocallyandabroad.

G.However;adultshavecertainadvantages.too.

⑸

A.Kidsliketobeactiveandinvolved.

B.Languagelearningcanpreventmemorylossinolderpeople.

C.Theyknowwhatworksforthemandareabletoplantheirstudiesaccordingly.

D.Motivationisanotherfactorthatcanbeanadvantageforolderlearners.

E.Thisisofteninfluencedbyfearoffailure.

F.Tolearnaforeignlanguagereallyopensopportunitiesbothlocallyandabroad.

G.However;adultshavecertainadvantages.too.

3.Considerthesefivewords:island,honour,siun,tongue,climb.Atfirstglance,youprobablydon't

thinktheyhaveanythingincommon.Then,youmightfindsomeofthemcontainthemostcommon

letterintheEnglishlanguage.Andyoumightneedtogobacktoyourgrade-schoolgrammarlessonsto

seetheconnection.Ifyou'restillconfused,sayeachwordslowly.Didyounoticeamissingsyllable(音節(jié))

ortwo?Actually,allfivewordshaveoneormoresilentletters—andthat'sjustasmallsampleofthem.

It'snosecretthattheEnglishlanguagehaslotsofcrazygrammarrules,andthewaywepronounce

wordsisnoexception.Whilethereare26lettersinthealphabet,theyshareatleast44different

pronunciationsamongthem.TheletterA,forexample,hassevendifferentEnglishpronunciationsalone.

Atleastyoucansafelyignorethesecommongrammarrules.

Ontopofthat,almosteveryletterinthealphabethasasilentusage,too.Thinkaboutit:FromtheC

inscissorstotheUinbuild,theEnglishlanguagehasabadhabitofdroppinglettersincertainwords.

EvenunusualletterslikeZandJaresilentinwordsthatwehaveadoptedfromforeignlanguages,suchas

marijuana(originallyaSpanishword)andlaissezfaire(French).

ButasMerriam-WebsterDictionarypointsout,oneunusualletterisneversilent:theletterV.While

itmakesanappearanceinwordslikequiverandvivid,youcanbesureitalwaysbehavestheexactsame

way.Thatmightchangesoon,though.Lastyear;PresidentDonaldTrumptweetedtheword"covfefe",

whichcausedheateddebateabouthow,exactly,oneshouldsaythismade-upterm.Somesuggestedthat

itispronouncedwithasilentV.

(1)WhatdotheunderlinedwordsinParagraphhaveincommon?

A.Theycontaintheexactlysameletters.

B.Theyhaveoneormoresilentletters.

C.Theyaredifficulttopronounce.

D.Theyallrefertoaplace.

(2)WhyistheletterAmentionedinParagraph2?

A.Toshowthatithasmanypronunciations.

B.TotellthatEnglishhasmanygrammarrules.

C.Toexplainthatwordshavesimilarpronunciations.

D.ToproveEnglishlettershavevariouspronunciations.

(3)WhichletterisseldomsilentintheEnglishlanguage?

A.TheletterA.B.TheletterJ.C.TheletterV.D.TheletterZ.

(4)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Englishpronunciations.B.Englishdictionaries.

C.Englishgrammar.D.Englishvocabulary.

4.AstudentislearningtospeakBritishEnglish.Hewonders:CanIcommunicatewithAmericans?Can

theyunderstandme?LearnersofEnglishoftenask:WhatarethedifferencesbetweenBritishand

AmericanEnglish?Howimportantarethesedifferences?

Certainly,therearesomedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.Thereareafew

differencesingrammar.Forexample,speakersofBritishEnglishsay"inhospital"and"Haveyouapen?",

Americanssay"inthehospital"and"Doyouhaveapen?".Pronunciationissometimesdifferent.

Americansusuallysoundtheirsinwordslike"bird"and"hurt".SpeakersofBritishEnglishdonotsound

theirsinthesewords.TherearedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishinspellingand

vocabulary.Forexample,"colour"and"honour"areBritish,"color*'and"honor"areAmerican.

Thesedifferencesingrammar;pronunciation,spellingandvocabularyarenotimportant,however.

Forthemostpart,BritishandAmericanEnglisharethesamelanguage.

(1)Accordingtothispassage,astudentwhoislearningtospeakAmericanEnglishmightbeafraidthat

A.thegrammaristoohardforhim

B.Americanpeoplecannotunderstandhim

C.Britishpeoplecannotunderstandhim

D.thespellingistoohardforhim

(2)WhatisNOTmentioned(提及)inthepassage?

A.Howimportantthedifferencesare

B.WhetherBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishareonelanguageortwo.

C.WhethertherearedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.

D.HowthedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishcameabout.

(3)Mostsay"Doyouhaveawatch?"

A.AmericansB.BritishpeopleC.childrenD.teachers

答案

一、閱讀理解題(共4題)

1.【答案】

(1)A

(2)C

(3)D

【解析】

(1)本文為議論文。本文假設(shè)語言決定了我們對(duì)周圍世界的看法，接著用事實(shí)來說明選擇不同的

語言可能會(huì)改變行為。通過對(duì)比歐洲語言如英語和霍皮語的對(duì)比以及對(duì)說英語的孩子和霍皮語為母

語的孩子對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們與自己的母語緊密相連，但我們的母語對(duì)我們的世界觀是否有影響還不容

易確定。

詞義猜測(cè)題。第二段全段都是在說明有關(guān)flammable標(biāo)識(shí)的問題。本段以flammable這一單詞為

例，詳細(xì)分析了語言對(duì)人的行為的影響，最后在該段倒數(shù)第二句"however,determinedtheattitudes

ofmanyspeakers,whothenadjustedtheirbehaviorinrelationtothelanguage.”得出結(jié)論，即“然而，對(duì)

于語言的錯(cuò)誤解讀決定了很多說話者的態(tài)度，他們隨即針對(duì)語言調(diào)整自己的行為"。由此可推斷，

該案例分析證明語言確實(shí)可影響我們對(duì)行為的選擇。故選A。

(2)推理判斷題。第三段后半部分?jǐn)⑹鰰r(shí)態(tài)是運(yùn)用于表達(dá)語言或時(shí)間。歐洲語言中用時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)時(shí)

間。英語和其他歐洲語言通常要求講話者弄清楚事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間，是現(xiàn)在、過去或者未來，要用到

時(shí)態(tài)。相比之下，許多語言，如新墨西哥州的霍皮語，缺乏對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的表達(dá)。這些語言也不會(huì)有具體

的時(shí)間。在霍皮語中，人們不能像數(shù)石頭一樣數(shù)日子、分鐘、年。像"三年過去了"這樣的日常用語

在霍皮語中是不可能寫清楚。以及倒數(shù)第二段是uruseoftenseorourobjectifiedviewoftimeis

favorabletohistoricitysetandtoeverythingconnectedwiththekeepingofrecords"通過比較這兩種語

言，沃爾夫提出，"我們使用時(shí)態(tài)或我們讓時(shí)間具體化，這對(duì)歷史的真實(shí)性和與記錄有關(guān)的一切都

是有利的。由此可知，時(shí)態(tài)是幫助我們來弄清事件的具體時(shí)間。如果沒有時(shí)態(tài)就像霍皮語一樣無法

說明事件發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間，也無法計(jì)算時(shí)間，這樣就會(huì)產(chǎn)生混亂或歧義。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)

(helpsavoidcertainambiguityinconceptsorideas有助于避免概念或思想上的某些歧義)符合題意。

故選Co

(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句"Inaccordancewithit,onesconceptionoftheworldis

relativetothelanguageonelearns"可知，沃爾夫的假設(shè)說一個(gè)人的世界觀與他所學(xué)的語言有關(guān)。以

及最后一段"ithasneverbeenexperimentallydemonstratedtothevalidalargescaleattempttotestthe

outlookofHopi-speakingchildrenversusEnglishspeakingchildrenturnedouttobeinconclusive.It

remainsataskoffuturescholarstodeterminewhetherthehypothesisisvalidandalsowhetherone

shouldassumeaweakorstrongpositionwithregardtoit.Clearlywearedeeplytiedtoournative

language.ButwhetheritregulatesourperceptionsorourviewoftheworldIsstillanopenquestion”表明,

"一項(xiàng)大規(guī)模的對(duì)母語是霍皮語的兒童和母語是英語的兒童進(jìn)行的未來前景測(cè)試的結(jié)果是不確定的。

未來學(xué)者的任務(wù)仍然是確定這一假設(shè)是否有效以及一個(gè)人是否應(yīng)該采取怎樣的立場(chǎng)，顯然，我們與

自己的母語緊密相連。但它是否影響我們的感知或影響我們對(duì)世界的看法仍是個(gè)懸而未決的問題，

由此可推斷出，要確認(rèn)母語與我們的觀念之間的關(guān)系實(shí)屬不易。分析選項(xiàng)，可知D項(xiàng)(It'sno

easytasktoconfirmthelinkbetweenmothertonguesandourconcepts要確認(rèn)母語和我們的觀念之間

的聯(lián)系并非容易)符合題意。故