中小學(xué)英文寫作

中小學(xué)英文寫作Why?1.綜合能力考查。2.重頭戲也是重災(zāi)區(qū)。它是詞匯、語(yǔ)法、閱讀、遣詞、造句、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯思維的全面反映。考試分值占10—18分。《英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》對(duì)寫作的五級(jí)要求：能根據(jù)寫作要求，收集、準(zhǔn)備素材。能獨(dú)立起草短文、書信等，并在教師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行修改。3.能使用常見的連接詞和邏輯關(guān)系。4.能簡(jiǎn)單描述人物或事件。5.能根據(jù)所給圖示或表格寫出簡(jiǎn)單的段落或操作說明。寫作的五大文體1.記敘文2.說明文3.描寫文4.議論文5.應(yīng)用文記敘文（Narrative)三個(gè)特性強(qiáng)調(diào)“寫實(shí)”，記述人的經(jīng)歷和事物的發(fā)展過程。1.真實(shí)性2.有序性3.過程性（6要素）人，時(shí)，地，因，過，結(jié)Lastyear,IvisitedBeijing.Ialwayslookedforwardtovisitingthere.SoIwassoexcitedthatIcouldn’tfallasleeponthenightbeforeIstarted.Igotupearlyandpackedmybackpackforthejourney.Inmypack,Iputacamera,someclothes,acellphoneandsoon.Ittookme35hourstogotherebytrain.IvisitedsomeplacesofinterestinBeijing,suchastheGreatWall,theMingTombsandsoon.Theyareverybeautiful?Ienjoyedmyself.IfelttiredbutexcitedbecauseIhavelearnedalotaboutthehistoryofthecity.AssoonasIarrivedhome,Iphonedmyclassmatesandtoldthemaboutme.說明文(Expositive)說明一個(gè)事物的本質(zhì)特征、構(gòu)造、性質(zhì)、功能、方位、空間及用途等。四大特性1.科學(xué)性2.客觀性（如實(shí)）3.知識(shí)性（言簡(jiǎn)意賅）4.有序性（邏輯順序）

Iliveinaflat.Whenyougoinyoucomeintothehall.Thetoiletisontheleftandthebathroomisontheright.Therearetwodoorsinfrontofyou.Thedoorontheleftleadstoabedroom.Thedoorontherightleadstoalivingroom.Whenyougointothelivingroomtherearetwodoorsontheright.Thefirstdoorleadstothekitchen.Theseconddoorleadstothediningroom.Thereisalsoanotherdoorontheleftneartheendofthelivingroom.Thisdoorleadstothesecondbedroom.Thereisabalconyinfrontofthelivingroomandthesecondbedroom.

描寫文(Descriptive)描寫人、事、景物的特征和心理活動(dòng)。四大特性1.生動(dòng)性2.夸張性3.邏輯性4.文學(xué)性

MyHomeTown

Myhometownisabeautifulplace,butitisnotverybig.Itstandsbesideawideriveratthefootoflowgreenhills.Thereareabouteleventhousandpeopleinit.Thestreetsarewideandstraight,andtherearemanynewhousesandshopsalongthem.Thereisamodernhospitalandsomefineschools.Youcanseetreesandflowerseverywhere.

Butwhatwerethingslikeinthetownintheolddays?Itissaidthatitwasasad,dirtylittletown.Therewereonlyaboutseveralthousandpeopleinit.Lifewasgoodforthefewrichfamilies.Buttherestofthepeoplewerepoor.

Theirlifewasmiserable.Theylivedindark,unhealthyroomsinoldbuildingsandhutsonnarrowmuddystreets.Manyhadnoworkandtheirchildrenoftenwenthungry.

Everythinghaschangednow.Thepeoplehavegotridofthemudanddirt.Theyhaveputupschools,theaters,shopsandflats.Theyhaveanassemblyhallwhichcanseattwothousandpeople.Alongtherivertheyhavebuiltoffices,hotelsandabigpark.Factorieswithtallchimneyshavesprungup.Ontheriversteamersandboatscomeandgobusily,dayandnight.Theycarryproductsofourindustriestoallpartsoftheprovince.

Ilovemyhometown,andloveitspeople,too.議論文(Argument)對(duì)人、事進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)論的文體。三大要素1.論點(diǎn)(argument)2.論據(jù)(groundsofargument)3.論證(demonstration)明確充分呼應(yīng)

I

don'tthinkfollowingfashionisgoodforstudents.Asweallknow,fashionisalwayschangable.Therefore,followingfashionmeansyouhavetospendlotsoftimefocusingonwhatitisgoingtowards.Besides,fashionisupdateallthetime.Onsomeaspect,itmeansnewclosesandwearings.However,studentsdon‘thavetheabilitytomakemoneyandeventhoughparentswillgivethempocketmoney,itisimpossiblethattheyhaveenoughextramoneytofollowfashion.What’sworse,followingfashionmusthaveabadinfluenceontheirstudy.應(yīng)用文(Practicalwriting)日常生活工作中常用的、短小的文體。如廣告、通知、日記、信件等。三個(gè)特性1.應(yīng)用性2.簡(jiǎn)潔性3.時(shí)間性

NOTICE

We‘regoingtohaveinterestingactivitiesintheschoollibraryat8:00a.monNovember20,2002.Bythen,someofuswillreadpoemsandsomewilltellstories.Youcanalsohearwonderfulsingingandwatchbeautifuldancingthere.Wehopealltheseniorstudentscancomeandjoinintheactivities.Alltheheadmasterswillbeinvitedtoouractivitiesasrepresentativesofteachers.Pleasegetoneperformancereadybecausesomeofyouwillprobablybeaskedtogiveusone．

StudentsofClass3,Senior2.

November11,2002.How?（好方法）一.長(zhǎng)線（“三大習(xí)慣”的培養(yǎng)）二.短線（應(yīng)試技巧）

三大習(xí)慣培養(yǎng)：

2.背誦3.寫日記1.造句關(guān)鍵詞：造句1.擴(kuò)詞Agirl

-----abeautifulgirl

-----abeautifulandsmartgirl

-----abeautifulandsmartgirlnamedHelen2.擴(kuò)句Aboyiseating。

----Aforeignboyiseating。

----Aforeignboy,sittingatthetable,iseating。

----Aforeignboy,sittingatthetable,iseatingabowlofnoodles。

----Aforeignboy,sittingatthetable,iseatingabowlofnoodleswithtwoforks。

----Aforeignboy,sittingatthetable,iseatingabowlofnoodleswithtwoforksthesamewayasweChineseholdchopsticks3.改寫句子，制造亮點(diǎn)

Iloveyou.----It’syouthatIlove.—It’syouthatIdolove。

Tobeornottobe,thatisaquestion(莎士比亞)

---Tostudyornottostudy,thatisaquestion

---Toloveornottolove,thatisaquestion。

---Togoornottogo,thatisaquestion

---Toplayornottoplay,thatisaquestion。關(guān)鍵詞：背誦背誦前：推薦范文“語(yǔ)言地道，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，特點(diǎn)鮮明”2.劃出背誦的重難點(diǎn)。句式和連接詞3.背課文的方法。第一種：連接詞背誦。第二種：關(guān)鍵詞背誦。

Idon'tthinkfollowingfashionisgoodforstudents.Asweallknow,fashionisalwayschangable.Therefore,followingfashionmeansyouhavetospendlotsoftimefocusingonwhatitisgoingtowards.Besides,fashionisupdateallthetime.Onsomeaspect,itmeansnewclosesandwearings.However,studentsdon‘thavetheabilitytomakemoneyandeventhoughparentswillgivethempocketmoney,itisimpossiblethattheyhaveenoughextramoneytofollowfashion.What’sworse,followingfashionmusthaveabadinfluenceontheirstudy.關(guān)鍵詞：寫日記或作文如何培養(yǎng)？1.布置作文。2.詳細(xì)批改作文。短線關(guān)鍵詞：技巧及原則1.內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)句流暢，無語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，書寫規(guī)范，給9-10分;2.內(nèi)容較完整，語(yǔ)句較流暢，基本無語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，書寫較規(guī)范，給6-8分;3.內(nèi)容不完整，語(yǔ)句欠流暢，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤較多，書寫較規(guī)范，給3-5分;4.只寫出個(gè)別要點(diǎn)，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤較多，書寫欠規(guī)范，只有個(gè)別句子可讀或不知所云，給0-2分。中考作文的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)三段五步法2.準(zhǔn)備考前針對(duì)性的資料。三段五步法“三段”議論文：論點(diǎn)---論據(jù)（論點(diǎn)支撐）---論證（總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)）五步法：1.構(gòu)思：“五審”2.遣詞：有意識(shí)的強(qiáng)化“復(fù)雜，高級(jí)”這兩個(gè)概念3.造句：可以借用一些句子，稍加修飾后變?yōu)樽约旱摹diamondlastsforever.鉆石恒久遠(yuǎn)，一顆永流傳。Friendshiplastsforever.Maternallovelastsforever.Theteachers‘lovelastsforever.4.謀篇：有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。

5.潤(rùn)色。絕招

寫作絕招一（如何寫好開頭和結(jié)尾）

一開頭萬能公式：1．開頭萬能公式一：名人名言Aproverbsays,“Youareonlyyoungonce.”（適用于已記住的名言）

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatwecannotbeyoungforever.（適用于自編名言）

更多經(jīng)典句型：

Aseveryoneknows,Noonecandenythat…2．開頭萬能公式二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計(jì)原理

Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about78.9%ofthecollegestudentswantedtofurthertheirstudyaftertheirgraduation.Honesty根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，大學(xué)生向老師請(qǐng)假的理由當(dāng)中78%都是假的。TravelbyBike

根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時(shí)候首選的交通工具是自行車。Youth

根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，在某個(gè)大學(xué)，學(xué)生的課余時(shí)間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。Five-dayWorkWeekBetterthanSix-dayWork

根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：Arecentstatisticsshowsthat…二結(jié)尾萬能公式：1.結(jié)尾萬能公式一：

Obviously（此為過渡短語(yǔ)）,wecandrawtheconclusionthatgoodmannersarisefrompolitenessandrespectforothers.更多過渡短語(yǔ)：

tosumup,inconclusion,inbrief,onaccountofthis,thus更多句型：

Thus,itcanbeconcludedthat…,Therefore,wecanfindthat…2．結(jié)尾萬能公式二：

更多句型：

Accordingly,Irecommendthatsomemeasuresbetaken.Consequently,tosolvetheproblem,somemeasuresshouldbetaken.Obviously,itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.寫作絕招二（寫作的七項(xiàng)基本原則）

一、長(zhǎng)短句原則

Asacreature,Ieat;asaman,Iread.Althoughoneactionistomeettheprimaryneedofmybodyandtheotheristosatisfytheintellectualneedofmind,theyareinawayquitesimilar.

強(qiáng)烈建議：在文章第一段（開頭）用一長(zhǎng)一短，且先長(zhǎng)后短；在文章主體部分，要先用一個(gè)短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)的時(shí)候采用先短后長(zhǎng)的句群形式，定會(huì)讓主體部分妙筆生輝！文章結(jié)尾一般用一長(zhǎng)一短就可以了。二主題句原則

Tobeginwith,youmustworkhardatyourlessonsandbefullypreparedbeforetheexam（主題句）.Withoutsufficientpreparation,youcanhardlyexpecttoanswerallthequestionscorrectly.特別提示：隱藏主題句可是要冒險(xiǎn)的！

三、一二三原則

1）first,second,third,last（不推薦，原因：俗）

2）firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally

（不推薦，原因：俗）

3）thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast

（不推薦，原因：俗）

4）inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthethirdplace,lastly

（不推薦，原因：俗）

5）tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally

（強(qiáng)烈推薦）

6）tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally

（強(qiáng)烈推薦）

7）firstandforemost,besides,lastbutnotleast

（強(qiáng)烈推薦）

8）mostimportantofall,moreover,finally

9）ontheonehand,ontheotherhand

（適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況）

10）foronething,foranotherthing

（適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況）

四、短語(yǔ)優(yōu)先原則

用短語(yǔ)會(huì)使文章增加亮點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻思維短路，湊字?jǐn)?shù)很管用

Icannotbearit.Icannotputupwithit.Iwantit.Iamlookingforwardtoit.五、多實(shí)少虛原則

nicegenerous,humorous,interesting,smart,gentle,warm-hearted,hospitalwalkoutoftheroomslipoutoftheroom小偷

sailoutoftheroom小姐

danceoutoftheroom小孩

staggeroutoftheroom老人六、多變句式原則

1）加法（串聯(lián)）

IenjoymusicandheisfondofplayingguitarNotonlythefurcoatissoft,butitisalsowarm.其它的短語(yǔ)可以用：

besides,furthermore,otherwise,moreover2）轉(zhuǎn)折（拐彎抹角）

Thecarwasquiteold,yetitwasinexcellentcondition.Thecoatwasthin,butitwaswarm.

更多的短語(yǔ)：

despitethat,still,however,nevertheless,inspiteof,despite,notwithstanding3）因果（so,so,so）

Thesnowbegantofall,sowewenthome.

更多短語(yǔ)：

then,therefore,consequently,accordingly,hence,asaresult,forthis4）失衡句（頭重腳輕，或者頭輕腳重）

主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句的變形ThisiswhatIcando.Whetherhecangowithusornotisnotsure.Whentogo,Whyhegoesaway…5）附加（多此一舉）

Themanwhomyoumetyesterdayisafriendofmine.Idon’tenjoythatbookyouarereading.Mrliu,ouroralEnglishteacher,iseasy-going.6）排比（排山倒海句）

Whetheryourtastesaremodernortraditional,sophisticatedorsimple,thereisplentyinLondonforyou.Nowadays,energycanbeobtainedthroughvarioussourcessuchasoil,coal,naturalgas,solarheat,thewindandoceantides.Wehavegottostudyhard,toenlargeourscopeofknowledge,torealizeourpotentialsandtopayforourlife.

（氣勢(shì)恢宏）七、挑戰(zhàn)極限原則

寫作絕招三

（文章主體段落三大殺手锏）

一、舉實(shí)例思維短路，舉實(shí)例！提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，舉實(shí)例！提出一個(gè)方案，舉實(shí)例！

更多句型：

Totake…asanexample,Oneexampleis…,Anotherexampleis…,forexample

二、做比較方法：寫完一個(gè)要點(diǎn)，比較與之相似的；又寫完一個(gè)要點(diǎn)，再比較與之相反的；

相似的比較：

incomparison,otherwise,similarly,inthesamemanner

相反的比較：

ontheotherhand,conversely,whereas,while,instead,nevertheless,incontrast,onthecontrary,comparedwith…,…

三、換言之,沒話說了，可以換一句話再說，讓你的文章在多一些字，或者文鄒鄒地