新人教高中英語必修三unit4-space-exploration-知識點-教師

必修三unit4知識點1．determinevt.查明；確定；決定[P40教材原文]However,somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.然而，一些科學家決心幫助人類實現(xiàn)探索太空的夢想。(1)determineon/upon(doing)sth.決定(做)某事determinetodosth.決定做某事(表示動作)(2)determinedadj.堅決的；有決心的bedeterminedtodosth.決定做某事(表示狀態(tài))(3)determinationn.決心I'msogladtoknowthatyouhavedeterminedon/uponstudyingfurtherinBeijinginyourlastletter.從你的上一封信中我很高興得知你已決定在北京進一步學習。ThoughTomwasstubborn,theydeterminedtopersuadehimtotraveltogether.雖然湯姆很固執(zhí)，但他們決定說服他一起去旅行。Determinedtostudyhard,heboredaholeinthewallto“steal”lightfromhisneighbortoreadatnight.決心努力學習，他在墻上鑿了個洞從鄰居家“偷”光，以便于晚上讀書。①ThismadeHannahverysadandevenmoredetermined(determine)todosomething.②Thedetermined(determine)lookonhisfaceshowedthathehadenoughconfidenceinhimself.③I'mdeterminedtoperformwellinthefinalexam,soI'moccupiedinpreparingforit.→Determined_to_perform_wellinthefinalexam,I'moccupiedinpreparingforit.(分詞作狀語)2．desiren．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望[P41教材原文]Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.這些災難讓每個人都感到悲傷和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望從未消失。(1)desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.想要某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth.渴望……(應該)做某事(2)haveastrongdesiretodosth./forsth.迫切要做某事/急于得到某物Shehasastrongdesireforknowledgeandwantstogotocollegeverymuch.她對知識有強烈的渴望，很想上大學。Thedesiretohelpothersmustcomefromthedeepheart.幫助別人的愿望必須發(fā)自內心深處。①Wealwaysdesireto_live(live)inpeacewithalltheothers.②Heexpressedastrongdesirethatmeasuresbe(be)takentostoppollution.一句多譯：在場的所有學生都渴望上重點大學。Allthestudentspresenthave_a_strong_desire_to_go_to_a_key_university.(desiren．)Allthestudentspresentdesire_to_go_to_a_key_university.(desirev．)Allthestudentspresentdesirethatthey(should)_go_to_a_key_university.3．carryon繼續(xù)做，堅持干[P41教材原文]Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.這是因為盡管有巨大的風險，人們還是相信繼續(xù)進行太空探索的重要性。carryout執(zhí)行；實施carryonwithsth.繼續(xù)某事carryondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事Herbraveryhasgivenhimthewilltocarryonwithhislifeandhiswork.她的勇敢給予了他繼續(xù)生活和工作的意志(力)。Imyselfwillfirmlycarryoutthisplan.我本人將堅決執(zhí)行這個計劃。①Ifyoucarryonworking(work)likethat,youwillbreakdownsoonerorlater.②Firstofall,themostsignificantthingistosetagoal,workoutaplanandcarryoutyourplanstepbystep.4．signalvt.&vi.標志著；標明；發(fā)信號n.信號；標志[P41教材原文]ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina'splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.這標志著中國未來建立空間站的計劃又向前邁進了一步。(1)signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signal[(to)sb.]that...示意(某人)……(2)asignalforsb.todosth.某人做某事的信號Whenhecloseshisbook,it'sasignalforeveryonetostandup.當他把書合上時，這就表示該全體起立了。①Thepolicesignaledtothedriverto_stop(stop)hiscar.②Therewasasignalforhimto_continue(continue)．Thebellrang,andsignaledthatschoolwasover.→Thebellrang,which_signaled_that_school_was_over.(非限制性定語從句)→Thebellrang,signaling_that_school_was_over.(分詞作狀語)5．[P40教材原文]Lookingupatthestars,peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace,andscientistsworkhardtofindanswers.仰望星空，人們總是想更多地了解太空，科學家們努力地去尋找答案。[句式分析]Lookingupatthestars為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的主謂關系。過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的動賓關系。Orderedoveraweekago，thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.這些書是一個多星期以前訂購的，現(xiàn)在有望隨時到貨。Likeancientsailors，birdscanfindtheirwayusingthesunandthestars.像古代的船員一樣，鳥類可以利用太陽和星星找到它們的路。①Compared(compare)withthewesternmedicine'shighfees，TCMhasareasonablepricethatordinarypeoplecanafford.②Theboybroughthisguitartothestage，wearing(wear)afashionablehatwhichmadehimseemsomysterious.③Thinking(Think)thathissolutionmightbewrong,Icarefullyanalyzedtheproblemandtriedtoworkitoutinadifferentway.6．[P41教材原文]Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.這是因為盡管有巨大的風險，人們還是相信繼續(xù)進行太空探索的重要性。[句式分析]This/That/Itisbecause＋表語從句(表原因)“這/那是因為……”。because,why引導的表語從句：because,why可引導表語從句，但because引導的表語從句，主語不能是reason或cause(該結構常用that引導)。常用于以下句型：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(This/That/Itis/waswhy...這/那是……的原因。,This/That/Itis/wasbecause...這/那是因為……,Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...……的原因是……))Heoftenrefusestotakepartinsomesportsevents.Itisbecauseheisalwayssoweak.他經常拒絕參加一些體育活動，因為他總是那么虛弱。Thatiswhyhewaslateforschoolthismorning.那就是他今天早晨遲到的原因。Chinaisdevelopingfast.That'swhyIthinkthoseofmycolleagueswhodealwithChinaaffairsshouldvisitChina.中國在飛速發(fā)展，那就是我為什么認為我的那些跟中國打交道的同事應該訪問中國。Thereasonwhyhedidn'tpasstheexamwasthathewastoocareless.他沒有通過考試的原因是他太粗心了。①Theproblemisthatonelesshourofsleepisnotequaltoanextrahourofachievement.②Whatisevenmoreimportantisthattheearthcooleddown,andwaterbegantoappearonitssurface.③Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthattherewasheavytrafficontheroad.Book3unit4languagepoints21．arguevt.&vi.論證；爭辯；爭論[P44教材原文]Somepeoplearguethatweshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyexploringspace.有些人認為我們應該停止把時間和錢浪費在探索太空上。arguefor/against據理主張/反對arguethat...(should)dosth.主張……arguewithsb.on/about/oversth.與某人爭辯某事argue/talk/persuadeo/outofdoingsth.說服某人做/不做某事Weallfindbothofhisargumentsconvincingandinteresting.我們都覺得他的兩個觀點令人信服而且有趣。Manyexpertsargueforthebanofridingmotorcyclesinthecity.許多專家主張禁止在城市中騎摩托車。①Itis_argued(argue)thatstepsbetakentomaketheroadsafer.②Iarguethateveryonetry(try)tohelpthoseinneed.(2)一句多譯:我們想方設法勸說他接受我們的建議，但都是徒勞。③Wetriedmanywaysto_argue_him_into_following_our_advice,_butinvain.(argue)④We_tried_many_ways_to_persuade_him_into_following/to_follow_our_advice,_butinvain.(persuade)⑤We_tried_many_ways_to_talk_him_into_following_our_advice,_butinvain.(talk)2．makeadifference起作用；做出改變[P44教材原文]Firstly,exploringspacehasalreadymadeadifferenceinthefightagainstworldhunger.首先，探索太空已經在戰(zhàn)勝世界饑餓方面發(fā)揮了作用。makeadifferenceto...對……有作用/有影響makesome/any/no/littledifference(to...)(對……)有/沒作用或影響tellthedifference(between...and...)辨別/區(qū)分(……與……)Onlywhenwematchourwordswithactionscanwemakeadifferenceinwhateverwehopetoaccomplish.只有我們言行一致才能對所要做的事情起到作用。Itshowsthataknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.這說明了急救知識的確能發(fā)揮重要的作用。①Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakingadifference(different)intheworld.②Icannevertellthedifference(different)betweenthetwins.③Whetherhecouldgetsupportfromhisparentsmadeagreatdifferencetotheplan.3．resultin導致；造成[P44教材原文]IthasdirectlyresultedinthemanysatellitesthatnoworbitEarth.它直接導致了現(xiàn)在環(huán)繞地球運行的許多衛(wèi)星。(1)resultfrom由……造成；因……而產生(2)asaresult結果asaresultof由于……的結果withoutresult沒有結果；白費(力氣)Peoplehavebetteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey'relivinglongerasaresult.相比以前，人們能得到更好的醫(yī)療保健，因此更長壽。Thisoftenresultsinpeoplelosingconfidenceintheirdrivingskills.這種情況通常導致人們對他們的駕駛技能失去信心。(2)一句多譯：就我所知，這個事故是由他的粗心大意導致的。④AsfarasIknow，hiscarelessnessresulted_intheaccident.⑤AsfarasIknow，theaccidentresulted_fromhiscarelessness.4．providev．提供；供應；給予；規(guī)定[P44教材原文]Aftercarefulanalysis,thescientistscanprovideusefulrecommendationsandadviceforfarmers.經過仔細分析，科學家們可以為農民提供有用的建議。(1)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(providesb.withsth.,providesth.forsb.))向某人提供某物provideforsb.撫養(yǎng)某人；供養(yǎng)某人如果您能提供給我更多具體的信息，我將不勝感激。Iwouldappreciateitifyou_could_provide_more_specific_information_for_me/you_could_provide_me_with_more_specific_information.5．effortn．氣力；努力；費力的事；艱難的嘗試；試圖；盡力；有組織的活動[P44教材原文]Asaresult,spacebasedsciencehashelpedfarminginitseffortstogrowenoughfoodtofeedEarth'sincreasingpopulation.結果，天基科學已經幫助農業(yè)努力種植足夠的糧食來養(yǎng)活地球上不斷增長的人口。(1)makeaneffort/efforts/everyefforttodosth.(盡一切)努力做某事sparenoefforttodosth.不遺余力地做某事(2)witheffort努力地withouteffort不費力地，容易地Iamcertainthatwithyourgreatefforts,youwillenjoyacolorfulandfruitfullifehere.我相信有了你的巨大努力，你就會在這里享受多姿多彩、碩果累累的生活。Thetrafficproblemshaveseverelyaffectedeconomicdevelopment,sowemustmakeeffortstosolvethem.交通問題已經嚴重影響了經濟的發(fā)展，因此，我們必須努力解決這些問題。Cleanairisveryimportant,sothegovernmentspares_no_effort_to_prevent_air_pollution.干凈的空氣非常重要，因此政府不遺余力地防止空氣污染。6．advanceadj.預先的，在前的v.前進，進展；促進；提前n.前進，進展，進步[P44教材原文]Highendproductsaroundtheworldaremadetoahigherstandardnowbecauseofadvancedtechnologywhichwasfirstcreatedtomeettherequirementsforspaceexploration.世界各地的高端產品現(xiàn)在按照更高的標準制造出來是由于最早為滿足太空探索的需要而創(chuàng)造的先進技術。(1)inadvance＝aheadoftime提前；預先makeanadvanceinsth.在某方面有進步(2)advancedadj.先進的；高級的Hewouldcallinadvancetomakesuretherewasn