2023年考研外語(yǔ)考前沖刺預(yù)測(cè)試卷4

考研外語(yǔ)考前沖刺預(yù)測(cè)試卷4

一、UseofEnglish

1>Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmore

aboutaculturethanthatispossibletolearningeneral

historyclasses.Most(1)historycoursesconcentrateon

politics,economics,andwar.(2),arthistory(3)

onmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythe

politicalvaluesofapeople,butalsoreligious(4)_____,

emotions,andpsychology.(5)_____,informationaboutthe

dailyactivitiesofourowncanbeprovidedbyart.Inshort,

artexpressesthe(6)qualitiesofatimeandaplace,and

astudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthanwhat

canbefoundinmosthistorybooks.

Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepolitical

lifeofacountryis(7);thatis,factsaboutpolitical

aregiven,but(8)arenotexpressed.Art,ontheother

hand,is(9):itreflectsemotionsandimpressions.The

greatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyaseverelycriticizedthe

Spanishgovernmentforits(10)ofpoweroverpeople.Over

ahundredyearslater,symbolic(11)wereusedinPablo

Picasso'sGuernicatoexpressthe(12)ofWar.(13),

onanothercontinent,thepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRivera

depictedtheseMexicanartists'concealed(14)and

sadnessaboutsocialproblems.

Inthesameway,artcan(15)acultureJsreligiousbeliefs.

ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,religiousartwas(16)

theonlytypeofartthatexisted.Churchesandotherreligious

buildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleand

storiesfromtheBible.(17)mostpeoplecouldn,tread,

theycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepictures

onchurchwalls.(18),oneofthemaincharacteristicsof

artintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis)its(19)ofhuman

andanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthat

statuesare(20).

A.interesting

B.plausible

C.superior

D.typical

2、⑵

A.Indeed

B.Hence

C.However

D.Therefore

3、(3)

A.comments

B.focuses

C.depends

D.centers

4、⑷

A.belief

B.faith

C.trust

D.credibility

5、(5)

A.Inaddition

B.Insummary

C.Inanycase

D.Ineffect

6、(6)

A.equivalent

B.temporary

C.essential

D.effective

7、(7)

3

A.subscribed

B.presented

C.delivered

D.manifested

8、(8)

A.perspectives

B.counsels

C.arguments

D.opinions

9、(9)

A.implied

B.displayed

C.biased

D.created

10、(10)

A.misuse

B.control

C.advantage

D.triumph

11、(H)

A.images

B.signs

4

C.stimuli

D.messages

12、(12)

A.awe

B.shock

C.horror

D.grief

13、(13)

A.Nevertheless

B.Consequently

C.Simultaneously

D.Meanwhile

14、(14)

A.guard

B.anger

C.content

D.assault.

15、(15)

A.contain

B.mirror

C.involve

D.include

5

16、(16)

A.alone

B.barely

C.almost

D.scarcely

17、(17)

A.Although

B.Since

C.Suppose

D.Provided

18、(18)

A.With

B.For

C.By

D.On

19、(19)

A.relevance

B.presence

C.existence

D.absence

20、(20)

A.ineligible

6

B.unholy

C.mistaken

D.disloyal

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

AftertheterroristattacksinAmericalastSeptember,

terroristriskbecamethepariahofperils.Theairline

industrywasmostdirectlyaffectedbytheattacks,anditwas

thefirsttofindthatnoonewantedtoinsureterroristrisk.

Insurancecompaniesimmediatelyincreasedpremiumsandcut

coverforairlines(third-partyterrorandwarliabilitiesto

$50mperairline,per"event”.Underpressurefromairlines,

theAmericangovernmentandthemembersoftheEuropeanUnion

agreedtobecomeinsurersoflastresortforairlines'warand

terroristliabilities,foralimitedperiod.Thesegovernment

guaranteesareduetoexpireattheendofthemonth.

TheAmericangovernmenthasalreadyagreedtoextendits

guaranteeforanother60days.TheEU，stransportministersare

meetingnextweekinBrusselstodecidewhattodo.Insurers

andreinsurersarekeenforthecommercialmarkettoresumethe

provisionofallairlineinsuranceassoonaspossible.No

wonder:Thepremiumsforsuchcoverhaveinevitablyincreased

considerably.

However,inthecaseofterrorism,andespeciallyofterrorism

intheskies,anumberofspecialfactorsarise.Somearepurely

practical:adisasterassuddenandunforeseenastheattacks

ontheWorldTradeCenterhashaddestructiveeffectsonthe

insuranceindustry.Themaximumcoverforthird-party

terroristriskavailableintheprimaryaviationmarketisnow

$50m,andthatisnotnearlyenoughcoverrisksthatare

perceivedtobemuchhighersinceSeptember11th.Evenifthe

marketcouldoffersufficientcover,anothercatastropheon

suchascalewouldbemorethanthemarketcouldcopewith.

Inaddition,arareanddevastatingriskofapoliticalnature

isarguablyonethatitisrightforgovernmentstocover,at

leastinpart.InthewakeofattacksbyIrishterroriststhe

Britishgovernmenthasrecognizedthispointbyagreeingto

backamutualfundtocoverriskstopropertyfromterrorist

attack.

Inthecaseoftheairlines,theappropriateanswerissomeform,

ofmutualschemewithgovernmentbacking.Infact,underthe

code-name“Equitime”,representativesofairlines,insurers

andtheAmericangovernmentaresettingupaninsurancevehicle

tobefinancedbyairlinesandreinsuredbythegovernment.

Governmentswouldguaranteethefund'sexcessrisk,buttheir

rolewoulddiminishasthefundgrew.

Settingsomethingupwilltaketime.So,tobridgethegap,

governmentswillhavetoremaininsureroflastresortfor

airlines'warandterroristriskforsometimetocome.

Byz，terroristriskbecamethepariahofperils”(Paragraph1),

theauthormeans

A.insurancecompaniesincreasedpremiums.

B.airlinesseektoavoidlegalliabilities.

C.terroristattacksleftinsurerspanicked.

D.terroristriskisunlikelytobeinsured.

2、

Accordingtothetext,nowitisbeyondtheabilityof

commercialinsurancemarket

A.towinthesupportfromgovernments.

B.tocancelprovisionforairlineinsurance.

C.tocopewithoverwhelmingdisasters.

D.toruleoutthird-partyterroristrisks.

3、

Theword"vehicle”(Para.5)denotes

A.vulnerability.

B.capability.

C.liability.

D.availability.

4、

Thewriterarguesthatintheforeseeablefuturetheinsurer

oflastresortforairline'sterroristriskwillbe

A.insurancecompanies.

B.governments'guarantees.

C.airlinesthemselves.

D.mutualfundschemes.

5、

Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthatairlines'warand

terroristrisk

A.shouldbeattendedtocautiously.

B.shouldbeleftwiththegovernmentalone.

C.shouldbeacceptedreluctantly.

D.shouldbeleftuptoinsurancecompanies.

6、ShortlyafterSeptember11th,PresidentBush'sfather

observedthatjustasPearlHarborawakenedthiscountryfrom

thenotionthatwecouldsomehowavoidthecallofdutytodefend

freedominEuropeandAsiainWorldWarTwo,so,too,should

thismostrecentsurpriseattackerasetheconceptinsome

quartersthatAmericacansomehowgoitaloneinthefight

againstterrorismorinanythingelseforthatmatter.

ButAmerica'sallieshavebeguntowonderwhetherthatisthe

lessonthathasbeenlearned—orwhethertheAfghanistan

campaign，sapparentsuccessshowsthatunilateralismworks

justfine.TheUnitedStates,thatargumentgoes,issodominant

thatitcanlargelyaffordtogoitalone.

ItistruethatnonationsinceRomehasloomedsolargeabove

theothers,butevenRomeeventuallycollapsed.Onlyadecade

ago,theconventionalwisdomlamentedanAmericaindeciine.

BestsellerlistsfeaturedbooksthatdescribedAmerica;sfall.

Japanwouldsoonbecome"NumberOne”.Thatviewwaswrongat

thetime,andwhenIwrote"BoundtoLead”in1989,I,like

others,predictedthecontinuingriseofAmericanpower.But

thenewconventionalwisdomthatAmericaisinvincibleis

equallydangerousifitleadstoaforeignpolicythatcombines

unilateralism,arroganceandparochialism.

Anumberofadvocatesof"realist"international-relations

theoryhavealsoexpressedconcernaboutAmerica's

staying-power.Throughouthistory,coalitionsofcountries

havearisentobalancedominantpowers,andthesearchfor

traditionalshiftsinthebalanceofpowerandnewstate

challengersiswellunderway.SomeseeChinaasthenewenemy;

othersenvisageaRussia-China-Indiacoalitionasthethreat.

ButevenifChinamaintainshighgrowthratesof6%whilethe

UnitedStatesachievesonly2%,itwillnotequaltheUnited

Statesinincomeperheaduntilthelasthalfofthecentury.

StillothersseeaunitingEuropeasapotentialfederationthat

willchallengetheUnitedStatesforprimacy.Butthisforecast

dependsonahighdegreeofEuropeanpoliticalunity,andalow

stateoftransatlanticrelations.Althoughrealistsraisean

importantpointaboutthelevelingofpowerinthe

internationalarena,theirquestfornewcold-war-style,

challengersislargelybarkingupthewrongtree.Theyare

ignoringdeeperchangesinthedistributionandnatureofpower

inthecontemporaryworld.TheparadoxofAmericanpowerinthe

21stcenturyisthatthelargestpowersinceRomecannotachieve

itsobjectivesunilaterallyinaglobalinformationage.

Welearnfromthebeginningofthetextthatwhatstrikes

Bush,sfatheristhat

A.Americanalliesbegantoappreciateunilateralism.

B.Americanscometogetoversomemisconceptions.

C.theU.S.becamethelargestpowersinceRome.

D.Americanscanachieveitsobjectivesunilaterally.

7、

Whatisrealists'attitudetowardsthecontinuingriseof

Americanpower?

A.Apprehensive.

B.Boastful.

C.Optimistic.

D.Grieved.

8、

Accordingtothetext,cooperativebodiesofcountrieshave

emerged

A.todefeatnewstatechallengers.

B.todefendinternationalrelations.

C.tomaintainhighgrowthrates.

D.toequalizedominantpowers.

9、

Theauthorcriticizesthosewhoare"barkingupthewrongtree”

fortheir

A.dominance.

B.insecurity.

C.ignorance.

D.sensitivity.

10、

Theauthorassertsthatindealingwithwor1daffairstheU.S

shouldlearnto

A.combineunilateralismwithnationalism.

B.dependupontheconventionalwisdom.

C.drawalessonfromthecollapseofRome.

D.reviseitsunilateralforeignpolicywisely.

11、YasuhisaShizoki,a51-year-oldMPfromJapan,sruling

LiberalDemocraticParty(LDP),startstappinghisfingeron

thedismaleconomicchartonhiscoffeetable."Unlesswechange

thedecision-makingprocess”,hesaysbluntly,“wearenot

goingtobeabletosolvethiskindofproblem”.Withtheeconomy

insuchamess,itmayseemabitofadiversiontobetrying

tosortoutJapan'spoliticalstructuresaswellasitseconomic

problems.ButMr.Shiozakicanhardlybeaccusedof

time-wasting.Hehasconsistentlyproddedthegovernmentto

takeafirmhandtoailingbanks,andhasgivenwarningagainst

complacencyafterarecentriseinshareprices.Farfrombeing

adistraction,hislatestcausehighlightshowfarJapanisfrom

genuineeconomicreform.

Sincecowritingareportonpoliticalreform,whichwas

releasedbyanLDPpanellastweek,Mr.Shiozakihasfurther

upsettheparty'soldguard.Itslegionaries,flankedby

columnsofthebureaucracy,continuetohampermostattempts

tooverhaultheeconomy.JunichiroKoizumiwassupposedto

changeallthat,bygoingovertheirheadsandappealing

directlytothepublic.Yetnearlyayearafterbecomingprime

minister,Mr.Koizumihaspreciouslittletoshowforhis

efforts.Hispopularityisnowflaggingandhisdetermination

isincreasinglyindoubt.

Ashopesofimmediateeconomicreform,fade,optimistsare

focusingonanotherpotentialbenefitofMr.Koizumi'stenure.

Theyhopethathishighlypersonalizedstyle,ofleadership

willpavethewayforapermanentchangeinJapanesepolitics:

towardsmoreunitedandauthoritativecabinetsthatareheld

directlyaccountablefortheirpolicies.Asthathappens,the

thinkinggoes,realeconomicreformswillbeabletofollow.

Aleadingcandidateforchangeisthe40year-old

system—informalbutreligiouslyfollowed一throughwhichthe

LDPmachineryvetseverybillbeforeitevergetstoparliament.

MostlegislationstartsintheLDP'spartycommittees,which

mirrortheparliamentarycommitteestructure.Proposalsthen

gothroughtwohigherLDPbodies,whichhammeroutpolitical

dealstosmooththeirpassage.Onlythendoestheprime

minister'scabinetgetfullyinvolvedinapprovingthepolicy.

MostissueshavebeendecidedbytheLDPmandarinslongbefore

theyreachthispoint,letalonethefloorofparliament,

leavingeventheprimeministerlimitedinfluence,andallowing

preciouslittleroomforpublicdebateandevenlessfor

accountability.

Asaresult,progresswillprobablyremainslow.Sincetheyknow

thatpoliticalreform,leadstoeconomicreform,andhence

posesathreattotheirinterests,mostoftheLDPwillresist

anyrealchanges.Butatleastahandfulofinsidershavenow

boughtintooneofMr.Koizumi'sbestslogans:ChangetheLDP,

changeJapan”.

Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?

A.TheeconomicsituationinJapanisdepressing.

B.Shizokiisengagedinsometime-wastingactivity.

C.Theeconomicchartmirrorsgenuinerevivals.

D.Shizokiisaddictedtohisenjoyablediversions.

12、

Welearnfromthetextthataneconomicreform,inJapan

A.isanewboomonthehorizon.

B.shouldfollowapoliticalreform.

C.isinthechargeofcommittees.

D.shouldprecedeapoliticalunrest.

13、

AsregardsthepoliticalreformsinJapan,theauthorfocuses

onits

A.realeconomicstructures.

B.formalreligiousrituals.

C.decision-makingprocess.

D.legislationaccountability.

14、

ThebasicprobleminJapanesepoliticsaspointedbythewriter

liesin

A.thelackofdirectaccountability.

B.theexistenceofpoliticaldeals.

C.theabsenceoftop-levelinfluence.

D.theresistancetorealchanges.

15、

Whichofthefollowingcanbestapplytothecurrentpolitical

systemsinJapan?

A.intohierarchies.

B.forthebetter.

C.onrigidroutines.

D.behindthetimes.

16^“Worsethanuseless,，zfumedDarrellIssa,aRepublican

congressmanfromCalifornia,onMarch19th,whentheHouse

JudiciaryCommitteeheldahearingontheImmigrationand

NaturalizationService."Terrible,andgettingworse,“added

ZoeLofgren,aDemocraticcolleaguewhohaskeptawatchfuleye

ontheINSfortenyears.

CommitteememberslineduptotakeswingsatJamesZiglar,the

headoftheINS.Heexplained,somewhatpathetically,that

''outdatedprocedures“hadkeptthevisa-processingwheels

grindingslowlythroughabacklogofapplications.Healsohad

somenewrulesinmindtotightenupvisas.Speedingupthe

paperwork一andgettingmoreofitontocomputers一isvital,

buttheSeptemberattackshaveexposedthetensionbetweenthe

agency'stwojobs:ontheonehandenforcingthesecurityof

America'sborders,andontheothergrantingprivilegessuch

asworkpermitstoforeigners.

Butotherpeoplewantmoreradicalchanges.JamesSensenbrenner,

aRepublicancongressmanfromWisconsin,wantstosplittheINS

intotwoseparatebodies,onedealingwithbordersecurityand

theotherwithhandlingbenefitstoimmigrants.Theother

approach,favoredintheWhiteHouse,istotreatthetwo

functionsascomplementary,andtogivetheINSevenmore

responsibilityforsecurity.Underthatplan,theINSwould

mergewiththeCustomsService,whichmonitorsthe20m

shipmentsofgoodsbroughtintoAmericaeveryyear,aswellas

thebagscarriedinbysome500mvisitors.Thetwoagencies

wouldform,onelargebodywithintheDepartmentofJustice,

thecurrenthomeoftheINS.Thiswouldcutoutsomeofthe

duplicatedeffortatborders,wherecustomsofficersandagents

fromtheINS'sBorderPatroloftenrubshouldersbutdonotwork

together.

Mr.Bush一whohassaidthatthenewsofthevisaapprovalsleft

him“plentyhot”—wasexpectedtogivehisapproval.Thesenate,

however,maynotbequitesokeen.TheJusticeDepartmentcould

havetroublehandlingsuchamerger,letalonetakingonthe

considerableeconomicresponsibilitiesoftheCustomsService,

whichiscurrentlypartoftheTreasury.

Thesenateprefersyetanothersetofsecurityrecommendations,

includinglinksbetweenthedatabasesofdifferentagencies

thatholdsecurityandimmigrationinformation,andscanners

atportsofentrytocheckbiometricdatarecordedon

immigrationdocuments.Theseideasareembodiedinabill

sponsoredbymembersofbothparties,butarecurrentlyheld

upbyRobertByrd,thechairmanoftheSenateAppropriations

Committee,whoworriesthattherehasnotbeenenoughdebate

onthesubject.Mr.Ziglar,poorchap,mayfeeltherehasbeen

morethanenough.

WecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthatINS.

A.willbesubjectedtostrongcriticisms.

B.hasbecomethepubliclaughingstock.

C.willtakeupeconomicresponsibilities.

D.haswonthesupportfromMrBush.

17、

Besidesdealingwithbordersecurity,theINSalso

A.keepsawatchfuleyeonitself.

B.grantsprivilegestoimmigrants.

C.superviseshipmentsofgoods.

D.takesadvantageofcomputers.

18、

SuggestionshavebeenraisedontheissueoftheINSexcept

A.couplingwiththeCustomsService.

B.separationintotwobodies.

C.sympathyexpressedforitshead.

D.sharinginformationavailable.

19、

ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheINS

不_____Q

q20

A.willbeinvolvedinmorecooperation.

B.canrecruitmoreworkersatwill.

C.willberelievedofitsresponsibilities.

D.maybethetargetofharshcriticisms.

20、

Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe

A.ImmigrantBenefitsahotdispute.

B.TerribleINSaDisposableOrganization.

C.ARedundantAgency—tobeSplit.

D.IncompetentINS一ontheRoadtoReforms.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C、D、E>F^G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

TheU.S.spaceagency,NASA,isplanningtolaunchasatellite

thatscientistshopewillanswerfundamentalquestionsabout

theoriginanddestinyofouruniverse.(41).

Theprevailingtheoryoftheuniverse5sorigin,the"BigBang”

theory,saysallmatterandenergywereoncecompressedinto

atinypoint.Thedensityandresultingtemperaturewereso

enormousthat,about13-to-15-billionyearsagobycurrent

estimates,amightyexplosionflungthematterhurtlingoutward

inalldirections.(42).Theyalsoask,istheexpansion

accelerating?Willtheuniversecollapse?Whatisitsshape?

ScientistswillseekexplanationswithNASA,snewMicrowave

AnisotropyProbe,abbreviatedasMAP.(43)."MAPwill

taketheultimatebabypicture,animageoftheinfantuniverse

takeninthefossillightthatisstillpresentfromtheBig

Bang”,hesays."Thisglow,thisradiation,istheoldestlight

intheuniverse.Imprintedonthisbackground,physicistsknew,

wou1dbethesecretsoftheBigBangitself”.

Thisbackgroundradiationisthe1ightandheatthattheearly

cosmicsoupofmatteremitted.Onceroilinghot,ithascooled

overtheeonstojustafewdegreesaboveabsolutezero.Itwas

oncethoughttobedistributedevenly.Butin1992,ahighly

sensitiveNASAsatellitenamedCOBEdetectednearly

imperceptiblevariationsintemperatureastinyas

30-millionthsofadegree.

(44)."Thesepatternsresultfromtinyconcentrations

thatwereintheveryearlyuniversethatweretheseedsthat

grewtobecomethestarsandthegalaxiesthatweseetoday”,

hesays."Thetinypatternsinthelightholdthekeysfor

understandingthehistory,thecontent,theshape,andthe

ultimatefateofouruniverse”.

(45).PrincetonUniversityscientistDavidSpergelsays

MAPwillgiveusamuchmoreaccuratemattercountthanwehave

now."Rightnow,wewanttomeasuresomething1ikethe

matter-densityoftheuniverse”,hesays."Today,wecan

estimatethattoafactoroftwo.That'sprettygood.Whatwe

wanttodoisbeabletomeasureittoaboutthethree-percent

level,whichiswhatMAPwillbecapableofdoing”.

Todoitsjob,the$145millionMAPspacecraftwillsettleinto

anorbit1.5millionkilometersfromtheEarth.Thisiswhere

theEarth'sandSun,sgravitationalpullareequal,andwell

pasttherangeoftheEarth'sownobscuringmicrowaveradiation.

WhiletheolderCOBEsatellitemeasuredjustasmallpartof

thesky,ChalrlesBennettsaysMAPwillscantheentireskyat

1,000timesbetterresolution."ThepatternsthatMAPmeasures

areextremelydifficulttomeasure”,hesays,“MAPwillbe

measuringmillionthsofadegreetemperatureaccuracies,and

that'shardtodo.That'slikemeasuringthedifferencebetween

twocupsofsandtotheaccuracyofasinglegrainofsand”.

A.TheprincipalNASAscientistfortheNewMAPspacecraft,

CharlesBennett,saystheheatpatternsrepresentslight

differencesinthedensityoftheyounguniverse,wheredenser

regionsevolvedintothepresentwebofstructures.

B.NASAsaysthefirstresultsfromtheMAPmissionwillbeready

inabout18monthsafterlaunch.

C.ThespacecraftwillorbittheEarthseekinganswersfroman

extremelyfaintglowofmicrowavesthathaveexistedsincethe

beginningoftime.

D.Scientistsaretryingtolearnhowitclumpedtogetherto

producestars,clustersofstarscalledgalaxies,andclusters

ofgalaxies.

E.Astronomersarereportingevidencethatpointstoamassive

star-eatingblackholeatthecenterofourMilkyWaygalaxy

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26^PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

ThelongandprogressivereignofQueenVictoriacametoa

climaxatatimeofpeaceandplentywhentheBritishEmpire

seemedtobeatthesummitofitspowerandsecurity.Ofthe

discordthatsoonfollowedweshallherenoteonlytwofactors

whichhadlargeinfluenceoncontemporaryEnglishliterature