一輪學(xué)案專題四形容詞和副詞

專題四形容詞和副詞核心考點(diǎn)課堂突破高考感悟單句填空1.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis(extreme)challenging.2.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.3.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)The(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.4.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.5.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Asthesmallboatmoved,(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.6.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.7.(2019·全國Ⅰ卷)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen(poor)studied.8.(2019·全國Ⅰ卷)Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsare(high)thantheyactuallyare.9.(2019·全國Ⅱ卷)Heryearsofhardworkhave(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanoftheYear.10.(2019·全國Ⅱ卷)“...Wearesoproudofher.It’s(wonder).”11.(2019·全國Ⅲ卷)Theyalsosharedwithusmany(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere(huge)popularwithtourists.考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成形容詞+名詞+edkind-hearted名詞+形容詞world-famous形容詞+形容詞dark-blue名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving續(xù)表形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞ordinary-looking名詞+過去分詞snow-covered副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working數(shù)詞+名詞+edthree-legged副詞+過去分詞newly-built數(shù)詞+名詞twenty-year考點(diǎn)二形容詞作定語的位置形容詞作定語通常前置,但在下列情況后置:修飾some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)nobodyabsent,everythingpossible以-able,-ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后thebestbookavailable,theonlysolutionpossiblealive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置theonlypersonawake和空間、時(shí)間、單位連用時(shí)abridge50meterslong成對的形容詞可以后置ahugeroomsimpleandbeautiful形容詞短語一般后置amandifficulttogetonwith考點(diǎn)三副詞的分類時(shí)間副詞soon,now,early,finally,once,recently頻度副詞always,often,frequently,seldom,never地點(diǎn)副詞here,nearby,outside,upwards,above疑問副詞how,where,when,why方式副詞gently,hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really連接副詞how,when,where,why,whether,however,meanwhile程度副詞extremely,simply,surely,so,almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather關(guān)系副詞when,where,why考點(diǎn)四形容詞與副詞的比較級和最高級構(gòu)成1.形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則◆規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成例詞原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞一般情況下直接加-er和-estsmallsmallersmallestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest續(xù)表構(gòu)成例詞原級比較級最高級以e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞加-r和-stfinefinerfinestcutecutercutestableablerablest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾,且前面只有一個(gè)元音字母的詞,雙寫輔音字母后再加-er和-estfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,先把y變?yōu)閕再加-er和-esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,加-er和-estclevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞一般在前面加more和mostcarefulmorecarefulmostcarefulpopularmorepopularmostpopularefficientlymoreefficientlymostefficiently特別提醒①有少數(shù)幾個(gè)雙音節(jié)形容詞,既可以加-er和-est,又可以加more和most構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。這些雙音節(jié)詞是:common,handsome,quiet,wicked,pleasant,cruel,stupid和以-ow,-er結(jié)尾的詞。②有些形容詞沒有程度可分或形容詞本身就表示某種程度,因此沒有比較級和最高級。這類形容詞有:right(正確的),wrong(錯(cuò)誤的),excellent(優(yōu)秀的),favourite(最喜愛的),possible(可能的),empty(空的)等。◆不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest2.形容詞和副詞比較等級常見句式項(xiàng)目例句as...as.../notso(as)...as...,意為“和……(不)一樣……”Sheisastallashermother.Iamnotas/sogoodaplayerasyouare.比較級(+than),意為“一方比另一方……”Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.Ihaveneverseenamoreinterestingfilm.less+原級+than,意為“一方不及另一方……”Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.續(xù)表項(xiàng)目例句the+比較級,the+比較級,意為“越……越……”Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake.“否定詞+比較級”表示最高級意義Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.more...than...,意為“與其……倒不如……”Heismoreshythanunfriendly.以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞,與to搭配。如:junior,senior,superior,prior,inferior等ThebookissuperiortothatoneIjustfinishedreading.no+比較級+than兩者都不Thisbookisnomoreinterestingthanthatonce.The+比較級+ofthetwo兩者中較為……theolderofthetwo注意1.可以修飾比較級的程度副詞有:still,rather,much,many,alot,even,far,abit,alittle,byfar,agreatdeal2.常用as...as結(jié)構(gòu)的詞組:(1)aslongas只要(2)asfaras遠(yuǎn)到……;就……而言(3)assoonas一……就……(4)aswellas既……又;和……一樣好(5)asgoodas與……幾乎一樣;幾乎;簡直是;和……一樣好(6)as...aspossible盡可能……(7)asbusyasabee非常忙碌考點(diǎn)五倍數(shù)的表達(dá)Ais+倍數(shù)+比較級+than+BThisbuildingisthreetimeshigherthanthatone.Ais+倍數(shù)+as+原級+as+BThisbuildingisthreetimesashighasthatone.Ais+倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size,length,height等)+of+BThisbuildingisthreetimestheheightofthatone.Ais+倍數(shù)+that+of+BTheoutputofthisyearis3timesthatof2019.Ais+倍數(shù)+what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句Theoutputofthisyearis3timeswhatitwasin2019.考點(diǎn)六常用的分詞形容詞和副詞有些動(dòng)詞的分詞可以用作形容詞,在該形容詞后加-ly則可以構(gòu)成相應(yīng)的副詞。形容詞副詞exciting令人興奮的excited興奮的excitingly令人興奮地excitedly興奮地disappointing令人失望的disappointed失望的disappointingly令人失望地disappointedly失望地續(xù)表形容詞副詞surprising令人吃驚的surprised吃驚的surprisingly令人吃驚地surprisedly吃驚地shocking令人震驚的shocked震驚的shockingly令人震驚地shockedly震驚地amazing令人驚奇的amazed感到驚奇的amazingly令人驚奇地amazedly感到驚奇地續(xù)表形容詞副詞interesting有趣的interested感興趣的interestingly有趣地interestedly感興趣地embarrassing令人尷尬的embarrassed感到尷尬的embarrassingly令人尷尬地embarrassedly感到尷尬地confusing令人感到困惑的confused感到困惑的confusingly令人感到困惑地confusedly感到困惑地專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練鞏固提升Ⅰ.單句填空1.Infact,1924isoftenconsideredthebeginningofa(true)modernOlympicera.2.Raymond’sparentswantedhimtohavethe(good)possibleeducation.3.Thenewgroupofstudentsisbetter-behavedthantheothergroupwhostayedhere(early).4.Thefinalscoreofthebasketballmatchwas93-94.Wewereonly(narrow)beaten.5.Alanisacarefuldriver,buthedrivestheleast(careful)ofmyfriends.6.Shedevotedherself(entire)toherresearchanditearnedheragoodreputationinherfield.7.Thecommitteeisdiscussingtheproblemrightnow.Itwill(hope)havebeensolvedbytheendofnextweek.8.Scientistshopethattheseprecautionswillpreventany(far)damagetothepaintings.9.Bobranthe100metersin9.91seconds,andIhavenotseena(good)onethisyear.10.MrSmithusedtosmoke(heavy)buthehasgivenitup.Ⅱ.語法填空Sometimeago,afriendofmine,whoworkedinapartofthecityIdidn’tknowvery1.(good),invitedmetocallonhim.IttookmehourstogetthereandItook2.(greatly)troubletofindaproperspottoparkmycar.AsIwasalreadythree-quartersofanhourlate,Iparkedmycar3.(quick).Atnoon,justasIwasleavingmyfriend’soffice,it4.(sudden)struckmethatIhadnoideawhereIhadparkedmycar.Icould5.(hard)gouptoapolicemanandtellhimthatIhadlostasmallgreencarsomewhere!Walkingdownthestreet,Iexaminedeachcar6.(cl