Unit+2+Let's+talk+teens+Grammar+and+Usage+課件-【知識(shí)精講精研】高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）必修第一冊

GrammarandUsageSimple,CompoundandComplexSentencesUnit2Let’stalkteensTheteachergaveaspeech.Manystudentsjoinschoolclub.Weshoulddevelopgoodstudyhabits.Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxed.Maggieplansherstudycarefully.It’salovelyday.Iwenttoalargelibraryyesterday.SentenceelementsSubjectVerbObject

Complement謂語賓語補(bǔ)語Adverbial狀語Predicative表語主語Attributive定語Let’sreviewLet’sdiscoverTypesofsentencesSimplesentenceCompoundsentenceComplexsentence

FiveSimpleSentenceStructures（簡單句基本句型

）Subject+Verb(SV)Subject+Verb+Predicative(SVP)Subject+Verb+Object(SVO)Subject+Verb+Indirectobject+Directobject(SVOO)Subject+Verb+Object+Objectcomplement(SVOC)一、簡單句(Simplesentence)：TypesofsentencesE.g.Alittlebirdissinging.E.g.Theyalllikeher.E.g.Myfathergivesmemoney.E.g.Settinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfident.E.g.Thesehabitsarehelpful.S+VS+V+OS+V+O+OS+V+O+OCS+V+P句子中只有_______主語（或并列主語）和_______謂語（或并列謂語），句子的各個(gè)成分都是由單詞和短語充當(dāng)。一個(gè)一個(gè)簡單句按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。1.陳述句:說明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一種看法,有肯定句和否定句之分。Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.Hedoesn'twanttomeetme.2.疑問句:提出問題,有以下四種:(1)一般疑問句Canyoufinishtheworkintime?(2)特殊疑問句Wheredoyoulive?(3)選擇疑問句Doyouwantteaorcoffee?(4)反意疑問句He

doesn't

know

her,

does

he?3.祈使句:提出請求、建議或發(fā)出命令。Sit

down,

please.

4.感嘆句:表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒。What

good

news

it

is!二、并列句(Compoundsentence)：TypesofsentencesE.g.OnedayJohnwaslate,andhisteacherwasangry.E.g.Thechildrencangowithus,ortheycanstayathome.E.g.Wedidn'twin,butwecameclose.E.g.It'sasmallcar,yetit'ssurprisinglyspacious.E.g.Ibelievedher,forshewouldnotlietome.E.g.Itwasstillpainful,soIwenttoseeadoctor.andorbutyetorforsosimplesentencesimplesentencealinkingword并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句通過并列連詞and,but,or,so等連接起來的較長句子。當(dāng)用并列句表達(dá)思想時(shí)，要注意兩個(gè)并列分句之間沒有從屬關(guān)系，它們是同等重要的獨(dú)立分句。Conjunctions（連詞）

用于連接單詞、短語、從句或句子的詞叫連詞。連詞是虛詞,在句中不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分,只起連接作用。連詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，一般不重讀。連詞按其性質(zhì)可分兩類：并列連詞(CoordinateConjunctions)和從屬連詞(SubordinateConjunctions)。CoordinateConjunctions并列連詞

并列連詞是指用以連接單詞、短語、從句或句子的連詞。并列連詞按其作用分為表示并列、選擇、轉(zhuǎn)折和因果關(guān)系的四大類。1.表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞常見的表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞有:and,notonly...butalso...,aswellas,both...and...,neither...nor...,它們用來連接兩個(gè)并列或?qū)ΨQ關(guān)系的單詞、短語或分句。并列連詞（短語）用法例句and“和”，表并列或順承關(guān)系Ilikeapples,orangesandbananas.表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞both…and…兩者都…；謂語復(fù)數(shù)Bothyouandsheareright.你和她都是對的。notonly…butalso…不但……而且……；謂語就近NotonlyIbutalsomysisterenjoysdancing.不僅我喜歡跳舞，我妹妹也喜歡。表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞aswellas也，又；用來強(qiáng)調(diào)aswellas前面部分Paulisawriteraswellasateacher.保羅不僅是一位老師，也是一位作家。neither…nor…既不……也不；謂語就近NeitheryounorIamfromAustralia.你和我都不是來自澳大利亞。Practice1.(2023,揚(yáng)州)Everyonewillhavetogetoutoftheirhouses________meettheirneighbors.A.and B.but C.or D.so√2.(宜昌)--It'sapitythat________myteachers______parentsallowmetoswimalone.--Afterallyouaretooyoung,safetyfirst.A.either;orB.neither;norC.both;andD.notonly;butalso√3.(臨沂)Abreakbetweenclassesisagoodtimeforstudentstoplaysportsandtalkwiththeirclassmates.Soit________helpswithstudents'health,_______improvestheirsocialskills.A.either;orB.neither;norC.notonly;butalso√2.表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞常見的表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞有:or,either...or...等。(1)or的用法①or意為“或”,表示一種選擇關(guān)系。Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?你想喝茶還是咖啡?②or用在“祈使句+or...”結(jié)構(gòu)中,其中or在此意為“否則”。Studyhard,oryouwillfailintheexam.努力學(xué)習(xí),否則你不會(huì)通過這次考試。③or用在否定句中代替and表示并列關(guān)系。Hecan'treadorwrite.他既不會(huì)讀也不會(huì)寫。2.表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞(2)either...or...意為“不是……就是……;或者……或者……”

動(dòng)詞與鄰近的主語保持一致,即遵循“就近原則”。Eitheryouorhehastogo.=Eitherheoryouhavetogo.

不是你就是他得去。Practice1.(哈爾濱)--Whichsportdoyouprefer,volleyball______basketball?--Iprefervolleyball.A.orB.andC.but√√2.(2023,河北)Hurryup,_______youwillmissthebeginningoftheconcert.A.so B.or C.and D.but3._____Lily_____Lucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.

A.Neither;norB.Either;orC.Both;andD.Notonly;butalso

√3.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞常見的表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞有while,but,yet,however等,用來連接兩個(gè)意思不同甚至相反的單詞、短語或分句。IwasborninHefeiwhileIgrewupinChangchun.我出生在合肥,然而在長春長大。Hewantstogo,buthissisterwantstostay.他想走,但他妹妹想留下。Heworkedhard,yethefailedtopasstheexam.他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,然而卻沒有通過考試。Practice1.(2023,江西)Marycutherkneebadly,________shedidn’tcry.A.but B.as C.so D.since

√√2.Thefirsttwoservicesarefree,__________thethirdcosts￡35.00.

A.whenB.whereC.soD.while3.Hehasagoodjob,and___________heneverseemstohaveanymoney.

A.howeverB.stillC.yetD.or√4.表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞常見的表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有so,for。I’mveryhungry,soImusteatsomefood.我好餓，所以我必須吃點(diǎn)食物。Imustbeawayforaweek,forI’llfixthemachineforafactory.我必須離開一周,因?yàn)橐獮橐患夜S修機(jī)器。Tips：for表示原因時(shí)，是并列連詞連接兩個(gè)簡單句；because表示原因時(shí)，是從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句1.

表示并列關(guān)系的并列句，常見的連接詞有：and,both...and,notonly...butalso,aswellas等；2.

表示選擇關(guān)系的并列句，常見的連接詞有：or,either...or,等；3.

表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對比關(guān)系的并列句，常見的連接詞有：but,while,yet,however等；4.

表示因果關(guān)系的并列句，常見的連接詞有：for,so,therefore等。Mostoftheclasswentonthetrip;however,LiHuastayedatschool.Thegirlsdidthedishes;theboyssweptthefloor.Ienjoyplayingtennis,butIhateplayingbasketball.Itstartedtorainsuddenly,sowestoppedplantingourtrees.用并列連詞（如and、but、so、yet等）連接并列分句還可用連接副詞或分號(hào)來連接。請判斷下列句子是簡單句還是并列句。1.Herantothebookstoreandboughtthenovel.2.Hegaveittome,andIgaveittoJohn.3.Shedoesn’tlikethenewhouseandwantstosellit.4.Mybrotheristhetallestamongus,forheisolderthanus.簡單句

并列句

簡單句

并列句

請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個(gè)并列句。Hewastired,sohewenttobed.1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.3.Hemadeapromise.Hedidn’tkeepit.Hemadeapromise,butHedidn’tkeepit.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt,forhewasafraidofthedog.三、復(fù)合句(Complexsentence)：TypesofsentencesE.g.WhatIwanttoexplainisthis.E.g.Weknowthatbeingateenagerissometimesdifficult.E.g.Theproblemiswhenwecandealwithit.E.g.Ilikethecakewhichyouboughtyesterday.E.g.Ifyourproblemisanewone,writeapostaboutit.E.g.Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子結(jié)構(gòu)叫復(fù)合句(complexsentence)，主句為主體，從句不能獨(dú)立，只作句子的一個(gè)成分。（從句有：名詞性從句，定語從句和狀語從句）復(fù)合句與并列句的區(qū)別在于，前者有主句和從句之分，而后者沒有，分句和分句之間的關(guān)系是平等的。連接并列句的詞叫并列連詞，而連接復(fù)合句的詞叫從屬連詞。復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句=簡單句+從屬連詞+簡單句Hetoldme

thenews.賓語that

thematchhadbeencancelled.whenhewasleavingforParis.howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycar.賓語從句Heworkedinthatfactorythreeyearsago.地點(diǎn)狀語wherehisfatherworked時(shí)間狀語whenhelivedthere.名詞性從句：名詞性從句在句子中起一個(gè)名詞的作用。它可以作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。e.g.Whateverhesaid

isgoodenoughforus.

（作主語）Weallbelieve

whathesaid.（作賓語）Theproblemis

whowecangettoreplaceher.（作表語）Thefact

thatthemoneyhasgone

doesn’tmeanitwasstolen.

（作同位語）狀語從句：e.g.Whenhegothome,hedrankacupoftea.

(時(shí)間狀語)Wemustcampintheplacewherewecangetwater.(地點(diǎn)狀語)Shewaslatebecauseshemissedtheearlybus.(原因狀語)

WhenIcallyourname,shoutoutsothatweknowyou’rehere.(目的狀語)

Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.(結(jié)果狀語)

AlthoughIbelieveit,yetImustconsider.(讓步狀語)

Wewillgototheparkifitdoesn’traintomorrow.(條件狀語)定語從句：修飾句子中的某一名詞或代詞，被修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定義從句的連接詞叫關(guān)系詞。e.g.Themanwhohasanumbrellainhishandisuncle.指出下列各從句的類型。Ibelievethateverythingisgoingonwell.ShewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.賓語從句狀語從句定語從句用所給連詞連接句子。1.Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)Hehasfoundoutwhyshewaslate.2.Istillremembertheday.IfirstwenttoYorkonthatday.(when)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttoYork.將各組句子連接為一個(gè)含有狀語從句的復(fù)合句。1.Hedidn’tcomeyesterday.Hewasill.(原因)Hedidn’tcomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.2.I’llgivethelettertohim.Iseehim.（時(shí)間）I’llgivethelettertohimwhenIseehim.I’llgivethelettertohimassoonasIseehim.I’llgivethelettertohimthemomentIseehim.3.Itissuchabigbox.Nobodycanmoveit.（結(jié)果）4.We’llgototheGreatWall.It’sfinetomorrow.(條件)5.Weshouldnotgothereallthetime.Theplaceisquitepleasant.(讓步)Itissuchabigboxthatnobodycanmoveit.We’llgototheGreatWallifit’sfinetomorrow.Althoughtheplaceisquitepleasant,weshouldnotgothereallthetime.句子類型簡單句并列句主從復(fù)合句定語從句狀語從句名詞性從句主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)一個(gè)主句+一個(gè)（以上）從句簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句Let’ssummarize?Asimplesentenceismadeupofoneindependentclausewhichhasonesubject-verbcombination.?Acompoundsentencecontainstwoormoremainclauses.Weuselinkingwordssuchas(1)________,or,(2)_______,

soorfortolinktheclauses.Workingouttherulesandbut?Acomplexsentencecontainsonemainclauseandatleastonesubordinateclause.Asubordinateclausecanbethesubject,predicative,object,attributiveoradverbialofthesentence.WorkingouttherulesAcomplexsentencesubjectpredicativeobjectattributiveadverbialConclusion3onemainclauseatleastonesubordinateclauseSimplesentences添加標(biāo)題Yourpasswordshouldbemorethaneightlettersornumbers.Thismakesitdifficulttoguess.Yourpasswordshouldbemorethaneightlettersornumbers_________thismakesitdifficulttoguess.ComplexCompound/ComplexsentencesTiptrytofindthelogicalrelationsbetweensentencesbecausereasonresultPostsshouldnotgiveoutpersonalinformation.Theyshouldnotincludeadvertisements.Postsshouldnotgiveoutpersonalinformation______theyshouldnotincludeadvertisements.andCompoundDescribeyourproblemsclearly.Otherpeoplecanunderstandthemeasily.Describeyourproblemsclearly_____otherpeoplecanunderstandthemeasily.socompoundTheexpertswillreplytoyou.Theyseeyourposts.Theexpertswillreplytoyou________theyseeyourposts.Whatdoyouthinkofourforum?Letusknow.Letusknowwhatdoyouthinkofourforum.complexcomplexwhenonceassoonasdoPleasepointoutthetypesofsentencesbelow.1.Heatedargumentsandcoldsilencesarecommonbetweenteenagersandtheirparents.2.Thegoodnewsisthatthisstormyperiodwillnotlast.3.Everythingwillturnoutallrightintheend,andthechangesandchallengesofyourteenageyearswillprepareyouforadulthood.simplecompoundcomplex4.Itisourdutytoloveourcountryandourenvironment.5.Nowadays,websitesarespringingup,andIwillturntoexpertsfromrelevantwebsitesforhelp.6.Iwillconsultmyteachersbecausetheycangivemeusefulandpracticaladvice.simplecompoundcomplexTeresaistalkingtoherfriendJackaboutherparents.Completetheconversationwiththecorrectlinkingwordsintheboxbelow.andbecausebuthowifthatunlesswhy

Teresa:I'munderalotofstressthesedays(1)________myparentsarealwayscomparingmewithmyfriends.They’reneversatisfied(2)________Idobetterthanallmyfriends--inschoolwork,inhobbies,ineverything!becauseunlessJack:That’sterrible.Icansee(3)______you’reanxious.Youshouldtellyourparents(4)_____you'retryingyourbest.There'snopointincomparingyouwithothersallthetime.Everyoneisunique.Teresa:Iknow,(5)______myparentsdon'tseemtounderstandthat.(6)______theycontinuelikethis,I'llloseconfidenceinmyself.whythatbutIfandbecausebuthowifthatunlesswhy

Jack:Ithinkyourparentsaretoostrictwithyou.Don’ttakeapassiveroleintherelationship.Talktothem.Letthemknow(7)_______youfeel.Sometimes,competitioncanpushyoutodobetter.Rightnow,it'sjustmakingyouanxiousandhavingabadinfluenceonyourperformance.howandbecausebuthowifthatunlesswhy

Teresa:Thankyou,Jack.I'lltrytalkingtomyparents.Jack:Cheerup,Teresa.They'llunderstand

(8)______everythingwillturnoutallright!andandbecausebuthowifthatunlesswhy

1....Myparentsarealwayscomparingme______myfriends.2.There'snopointin__________(compare)youwithothersallthetime.3.Ithinkyourparentsaretoostrict______you.4.Don'ttakeapassiverole_____therelationship.5.I'lllose___________(confident)inmyself.6.Sometimes,___________(compete)canpushyoutodobetter.7.Rightnow,it'sjustmakingyouanxiousandhavingabadinfluence_____yourperformance.Readandcompletethefollowingsentences:withcomparingwithinconfidencecompetitionon/uponcompareAwithB比較compareAtoB比喻comparisonn.比較comparedwith/to與...相比

Thereisnopoint(in)doing做某事沒有意義

bestrictwithsb.insth.對某人某事嚴(yán)格play/takea...rolein...在...扮演角色/起作用have/loseconfidencein...有信心/失去信心competev.競賽競爭compe