英語六級閱讀講義

六級與四級的區(qū)別：一、詞——詞匯量5500。二、句——出題考長句子。三、段——所有句子都認(rèn)識，但不知道整段的意思。But,Yet,However轉(zhuǎn)折連詞后面是重點(diǎn)，?？键c(diǎn)。四、選項——有迷惑選項，不像四級那么清晰。原文重現(xiàn)：原文告訴你選什么，你就應(yīng)該選什么，不能憑感覺和想象。盡量少讀：六級更多的對點(diǎn)出題，而不是對面出題。六級題型：

1.主旨題（SumUp/Title）看文章每段第一句24.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?A)Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation.B)Labourandtheeffectsofautomation.C)Unemploymentbenefitplansandautomation.D)Socialbenefitsofautomation.注：文章三段第一句都出現(xiàn)automation，兩段出現(xiàn)labour，因此這兩個詞是重點(diǎn)，必然在選項中出現(xiàn)。Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution".

注：refersto下定義Labour'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.注：labour雇員Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.注：union工會，和雇員有關(guān)2.詞匯題——找詞所在句子關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。例如：六級很難，但是……，找轉(zhuǎn)折連詞But,Yet,However。并列關(guān)系。例如：AandB，問A就把B內(nèi)容填進(jìn)去。解釋關(guān)系。用because和從句inwhich等聯(lián)系。例如：30.“Anidentifyingfigure”(Line2,Para.5)referstoaperson______.A)whoservesasamodelforothersB)whoisalwayssuccessfulC)whocanbedependeduponD)whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess（文章前四段省略）Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebeesanidentifyingfigure.Weusesomepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.注：把握and前后是并列關(guān)系。3.細(xì)節(jié)題直接細(xì)節(jié)、因果推理、暗示例如：31.Itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago____________.A)eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactoriesB)twentypercentofAmericanintellectualswereemployeesC)thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkersD)thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustrialworkers34.Accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillis_______.A)lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployeeB)asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelationsC)moreimportantthanemployeremployeerelationsD)asimportantastheabilitytocooperatewithothersintheorganizationOurshasbeeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneoutofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meantworkingasafactorylabourerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddleclasspersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:middleclassandupperclassemployeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulationgrowingsofastthattheindustrialworker,thatoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.Yetyouwillfinelittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist'stradeorbookkeeping(簿記).Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployeeshipinmon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainlymorepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.4.作者態(tài)度題（attitude）——正負(fù)態(tài)度凡是文章探討新事物——正態(tài)度凡是文章探討老事物——負(fù)態(tài)度例外：中立題25.Thewriter’sattitudetowardstheuseofthetelephoneis______.A)affectionateB)disapprovingC)approvingD)neutral●例子：例子必出題。文章有論點(diǎn)論據(jù)論證，例子是論證，用來支持論點(diǎn)，所以簡而言之，例子本身不重要，但前后論點(diǎn)極其重要。

例子開始的標(biāo)志：forexample，后面跟著大寫、時間、年代，依然是舉例內(nèi)容。

例子含義的標(biāo)志：show,tell,prove,demonstrate,find,clearly[Page72]IntheUnitedStates,theneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbeeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredSpeciesActin1973.Theact,designedtoprotectspecies'livingareas,andpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestspetewitheconomicinterests.Inthe1990's,forexample,thewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedStateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountains.Thechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl(貓頭鷹),whoseremainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintact,ancientforestforsurvival.Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.Aftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattles,thefateofthewoodcuttersandtheowlswasstillundecidedinmid1992.

注：1.controversial的意思是受爭議的，同“sharplypoliticalissue”，contro表示“反”2.forexample前句子是重點(diǎn)3.problematic懸而未決的Similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.Manypeopleinindustrializednations,forexample,believethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished(使窮困),withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.

注：1.tension張力，沖突2.看到similar就說明第二段說的和第一段一樣。3.But轉(zhuǎn)折是重點(diǎn)ManyofthechangestoEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplanetofitsbiologicalrichness.ThedestructionofEarth'sozonelayer(臭氧層),forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultravioletraystoharmplantsandanimals.Andglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.Clearly,protectingwilleonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethepositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth'splexweblife.

36.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheprotectionofendangeredspeciesisahighlycontroversial

issue?

A)Becausepeoplecan'tagreeastowhatspeciestoprotect.

B)Becauseitisdifficulttofindaneffectivewaytoprotectsuchspecies.

C)Becauseitaffectstheinterestsofcertaingroupsofpeople.

D)Becauseitisamajorprobleminvolvingaseriesoflegalprocedures.

注：細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段economicinterests●表示絕對的詞出現(xiàn)在文章中，是非常重要的出題點(diǎn)；如果出現(xiàn)在選項中，很可能是不對的。全無：nonnothingneverseldomabsolutelyhardlylittlefewpreventexcludeneither...nor全有：alleveryfulleither…唯一：onlyexactlybestmost37.Accordingtothepassage,thepreservationofrainforests________.

A)mayhamperadevelopingcountryinitsfightagainstpoverty.

B)benefitsdevelopedcountriesratherthandevelopingcountries.

C)shouldtakepriorityoverthecontrolofhumanpopulation.

D)willhelpimprovethelivingconditionsindevelopingcountries.

注：細(xì)節(jié)題，對應(yīng)文章第二段。舉例前那句話更重要，只要表達(dá)出“和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益沖突”就對了。38.Accordingtothepassage,cuttingtresstogrowmorefood_______.

A)willwidenthegapbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingcountries.

B)isbutashorttermrelieftothefoodproblem.

C)canhardlyalleviatetheshortageoffood.

D)provestobeaneffectivewayoutforimpoverishednations.

注：對應(yīng)文章第二段。Shortterm對應(yīng)temporarily，relief對應(yīng)avoid。39.Among“humanity'scurrentproblems”(Line6,Para.3),thechiefconcernofthescientists

is_______.

A)theimpoverishmentofdevelopingcountries.

B)theexplosionofthehumanpopulation.

C)thereductionofbiologicaldiversity.

D)theeffectofglobalwarming.

注：第三段。C選項中reduction對應(yīng)rob，diversity對應(yīng)richness。40.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis________.

A)todescribethedifficultiesinsolvinghumanity'scurrentproblems.

B)topresentthedifferentviewsonhumanity'scurrentproblems.

C)toanalyzethecontradictionbetweencountriesindealingwithhumanity'scurrent

problems.

D)topointoutthathumanity'scurrentproblemscanonlybesolvedthroughthecooperationofnations.注：看最后一句話，cooperationofnations對應(yīng)coordinatedinternationalefforts。[Page80]Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家)MarkLaudenslger,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldmot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

注：1.vulnerable易受傷害的2.immunedefense免疫系統(tǒng)3.found之后是試驗告訴我們的觀點(diǎn)4.depress壓抑，de往下

Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon'tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.注：1.看第一句三個單詞就知道本段內(nèi)容和上一段相同。2.passive被動的21.Laudenslager'sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity______.

A)wasstrengthenedB)wasnotaffected

C)wasalteredD)wasweakened注：定位文章第一段found之后

22.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto______.

A)trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B)turnofftheelectricity

C)beeabnormallysuspiciousD)behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

注：定位第二段But之后那句話

23.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat______.

A)theydislikeditstaste

B)itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

C)itledtostomachpains

D)theyassociateditwithstomachaches22.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout_____.(A)theteenagers'criticismoftheirparents(B)misunderstandingsbetweenteenagersandtheirparents(C)thedominanceoftheparentsovertheirchildren(D)theteenagers'abilitytodealwithcrises注：段落主旨，B和C只說了一部分。Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhavealwaysplained,moreorlessjustly,thattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodernways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominantthattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblemsandthattheyhavenosenseofhumour,atleastinparentchildrelationships.Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung.Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstyles,inentertainersandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Then,ifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainersorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatetheirparents,thisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperior,atleastinasmallway,andthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste.注：1.critical吹毛求疵的，很重要的40.Themainideaofthispassageisthat_____.(A)attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities(B)betteruseofgreenspacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlife(C)theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreationactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsago(D)prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivitiesGreenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresent,itisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreasaselfevidentstatementthanonthebaseofacloselyreasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.AstothisratherplexsubjectIshall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.注：GF對城鄉(xiāng)環(huán)境有重要的貢獻(xiàn)。Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintownandcountryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome.Wehaveetotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesatandaroundhome.Soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreetdoorofthehouse.Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreat,ifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreetdoorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.23.Thepassagemainlydealswith______.

(A)thelifespanoftheMojaveshrimps

(B)thesurvivalofdesertshrimps

(C)theimportanceofwatertolife

(D)lifeintheMojaveDesert

注：三段出現(xiàn)shrimp，說明本文主要講shrimp，排除C和D，A選項lifespan沒出現(xiàn)過。Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.Therearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae(幼蟲).Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdrought(干旱)intheformofinactiveeggs.Thesearetheshrimps(小蝦)thatliveintheMojaveDesert,anintenselydryregioninthesouthwestoftheUnitedStateswhereshadetemperaturesofover50Careoftenrecorded.

TheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhavetheappearanceofgrainsofsand.Whensufficientspringrainfallstoformalake,onceeverytwotofiveyears,theseeggshatch(孵化).Thenthewaterissoonfilledwithmillionsoftinyshrimpsaboutamillimetrelongwhichfeedontinyplantandanimalorganismswhichalsogrowinthetemporarydesertlake.Withinaweek,theshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal1millimetretoalengthofabout1.5centimetres.

Throughoutthetimethattheshrimpsarerapidlymaturing,thewaterinthelakeequallyrapidlyevaporates.Therefore,fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime.Bythetwelfthday,however,whentheyareabout3centimetrelong,hundredsoftinyeggsformontheunderbodiesofthefemales.Usuallybythistime,allthatremainsofthelakeisalarge,muddypatchofwetsoil.Onthethirteenthdayandthenext,duringthefinalhoursoftheirbrieflives,theshrimpslaytheireggsinthemud.Then,havingensuredthattheirspecieswillsurvive,theshrimpsdieasthelastofthewaterevaporates.

Ifsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theeggshatch,andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,adulthood,egglaying,anddeath.Someyearsthereisinsufficientraintoformalake:inthiscase,theeggswillremaindormantforanotheryears,orevenlongerifnecessary.Very,veryoccasionally,perhapstwiceinahundredyears,sufficientrainfallstoformadeeplakethatlastsamonthormore.Inthiscase,thespeciespassesthroughtwocyclesofgrowth,egglaying,anddeath.Thus,onsuchoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensuresitssurvival.40.Themostappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe_____.

(A)ThewellbeingofCareerWomen

(B)SourcesofMasteryandPleasure

(C)TwoAspectsofWomen'sWellBeing

(D)FreedomRolesWomeninSociety注：A選項career縮小了范圍，B選項沒出現(xiàn)woman，擴(kuò)大了選項Inourculture,thesourcesofwhatwecallasenseof"mastery"feelingimportantandworthwhileandthesourcesofwhatwecallasense"pleasure"findinglifeenjoyablearenotalwaysidentical.Womenoftenaretold"Youcan'thaveitall."Sometimeswhatthespeakerreallyissayingis:"Youchoseacareer,soyoucan'texpecttohavecloserrelationshipsorahappyfamilylife."or"YouhaveawonderfulhusbandandchildrenWhat'sallthisaboutwantingacareer?"Butwomenneedtounderstandanddevelopbothaspectsofwellbeing,iftheyaretofeelgoodaboutthemselves.

Ourstudyshowsthat,forwomen,wellbeinghastwodimensions.Oneismastery,whichincludesselfesteem(自尊),asenseofcontroloveryourlife,andlowlevelsofanxietyanddepression.Masteryiscloselyrelatedtothe"doing"sideoflife,toworkandactivity.Pleasureistheotherdimensions,anditisposedofhappiness,satisfactionandoptimism(樂觀).Itistiedmorecloselytothe"feeling"sideoflife.Thetwoareindependentofeachother.Awomancouldbehighinmasteryandlowinpleasure,andviceversa.Forexample,awomanwhohasagoodjob,butwhosemotherhasjustdied,mightbefeelingverygoodaboutherselfandincontrolofherworklife,butthepleasuresidecouldbedamagedforatime.Theconceptsofmasteryandpleasurecanhelpusidentifythesourcesofwellbeingforwomen,andremedypastmistakes.Inthepast,womenwereencouragedtolookonlyatthefeelingsideoflifeasthesourceofallwellbeing.Butweknowthatbothmasteryandpleasurearecritical.Andmasteryseemstobeachievedlargelythroughwork.Inourstudy,allthegroupsofemployedwomenratedsignificantlyhigherinmasterythandidwomenwhowerenotemployed.

Awoman'swellbeingisenhanced(增進(jìn))whenshetakesonmultipleroles.Atleastbymiddleadulthood,thewomenwhowereinvolvedinabinationofrolesmarriages,motherhood,andemploymentwerethehighestinwellbeing,despitewarningsaboutstressandstrain.30.Thebesttittleforthepassagewouldbe_________.

A)Apple'sEffortssoStayAheadofIBMB)Apple'sNewputerTechnology

C)Apple'sNewpersonalputersD)Apple'sResearchActivities

Thepetitionamongproducersofpersonalputersisessentiallyaracetogetthebest,mostinnovativeproductstothemarketplace.Marketersinthisenvironmentfrequentlyhavetomakeajudgementastotheirpetitors'rolewhenmakingmarketingstrategydecisions.Ifmajorpetitorsarechangingtheirproducts,thenamarketermaywanttofollowsuittoremainpetitive.Appleputer,Inc.hasintroducedtwonew,fasterpersonputers,theMacintoshIIandMacintoshSE,inanticipationoftheintroductionofanewPCbyIBM,oneofApple'smajorpetitors.

Apple'snewputersaremuchfasterandmorepowerfulthanitsearliermodels.TheimprovedMacintoshisabletorunprogramsthatpreviouslywereimpossibletorunonanApplePC,includingIBMpatibleprograms.Thispatibilityfeatureillustratesputermanufacturers'newattitudeofgivingcustomersthefeaturestheywant.MaltingAppleputerscapableofrunningIBMsoftwareisApple'seffortatmakingtheMackintoshpatiblewithIBMputersandthusmorepopularintheoffice,whereApplehopestoincreasesales,UsersofthenewApplecanalsoaddaccessoriestomaketheirmachinesspecializeinspecificuses,suchasengineeringandwriting.

Thenewputersrepresentabigimprovementoverpastmodels,buttheyalsocostmuchmore.panyofficialsdonotthinkthehigherpricewillslowdownbuyerswhowanttostepuptoamorepowerfulputer.Applewantstostayinthehighpriceendofthepersonalputermarkertofinanceresearchforevenfaster,moresophisticatedputers.

EventhoughAppleandIBMaremajorpetitors,bothpaniesrealizethattheirpetitor'sputershavecertainfeaturesthattheirownmodelsdonot.TheApplelinehasalwaysbeenpopularforitssophisticatedcolorgraphics,whereastheIBMmachineshavealwaysbeenfavoredinoffices.Inthefuture,therewillprobablybemorepatibilitybetweenthetwopanies'products,whichnodoubtwillrequirethatbothAppleandIBMchangemarketingstrategies.25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A)putersandtheKnowledgeSociety.

B)ServiceindustriesinModernSociety.

C)FeaturesandImplicationsoftheNewEra.

D)RapidAdvancementofinformationTechnology注：一個選項能概括每一段的內(nèi)容或者大多數(shù)段的內(nèi)容，即看每段首句。主旨題的迷惑選項：末段內(nèi)容、細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容、加詞縮小范圍，減詞擴(kuò)大范圍。

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe'repartlythere.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemoreparttimejobs.Morepeopleareselfemployed.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan'tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Longheldnotionsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployersallthesearebeingchallenged.

Wehaveonlytolookbehindtogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalputers,digitalmunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow'sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbeeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.puterknowledgewillbeeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.25.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizedthemainideaofthepassage?

A)Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerlaterbereplacedbyputers.

B)cannotbepassedontofuturegenerationunlessitisrecorded.

C)Folksongscannotspreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets

D)Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentoritsmaterialaspect

Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material"things"physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,usedthatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture'stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup'shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusicculture.Themostvividbodyof"things"init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusicculturesittheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturesinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellpreservedPaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNeatEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNeareasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultsinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.

Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusicculturesasthoseinwithpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,butre