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第頁(yè)教案課題名詞教師姓名學(xué)生姓名上課日期學(xué)科英語(yǔ)適用年級(jí)五年級(jí)教材版本學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握名詞單復(fù)數(shù)以及謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)重難點(diǎn)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)所對(duì)應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)教學(xué)過(guò)程導(dǎo)入:數(shù)數(shù)下面兩幅圖中分別有多少只鴨子?用英文怎么來(lái)表達(dá)呢?1.什么叫名詞?
名詞是詞性的一種,是表示人或事物實(shí)體存在的詞,如:理發(fā)師、學(xué)生、水等。主要功能是作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。2.名詞的分類名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞,其中可數(shù)名詞具有單、復(fù)數(shù)的形式;而不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。
3.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:
規(guī)則變化:
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds
2.以s.
x.
sh.
ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches,brush-brushes,glass-glasses,dress-dresses
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i,
再加-es,如:family-families(家庭),
butterfly-butterflies(蝴蝶),lady-ladies,strawberry-strawberries(草莓)
★注意:“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,直接加-s,如:day-days,boy-boys
4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v,
再加-es,如:knife-knives,leaf-leaves(落葉),wolf-wolves(狼),shelf-shelves(架子),half-halves(一半),thief-thieves(小偷)
注意:特殊情況直接加s:gulf-gulfs(海灣),roof-roofs(屋頂),belief-beliefs(信仰),proof-proofs(證據(jù))[此處知道即可,暫時(shí)不用記](méi)
不規(guī)則變化:
1.
man-men,woman-women,
policeman(男警察)-policemen,
policewoman(女警察)-policewomen,
mouse-mice,child(孩子)-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth(牙齒),ox-oxen(公牛)
chick-chicken(雞)2.
fish-fish(魚),
sheep(羊)-sheep,deer-deer,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,
people-people(人,人們)
注意:
fish:①當(dāng)一條魚講時(shí),單復(fù)數(shù)同形,如three
fish.
②當(dāng)各種各樣的魚講時(shí),即強(qiáng)調(diào)魚的種類時(shí),要加es.如:all
kinds
of
fishes
.各種各樣的魚
③當(dāng)魚肉講時(shí),不可數(shù)。
people:當(dāng)people后加上s時(shí)即peoples表示“民族”例如:There
are
56
peoples
in
China.
中國(guó)有56個(gè)民族。
實(shí)記:
tomato-tomatoes(西紅柿),potato-potatoes(土豆),hero-heroes(英雄)negro-negroes(黑人),volcano-volcanoes(火山)
zoo-zoos,photo-photos
4.不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不可數(shù)名詞我們都把它當(dāng)成單數(shù)用,不需要加S,這就需要我們來(lái)衡量哪些是可數(shù)的,哪些是不可數(shù)的名詞。water(水)
、milk(牛奶)、
tea(茶)
、rice(米飯)、juice(果汁)、bread(面包),soup(湯),hair,meat,news(消息),work(工作),paper(紙),weather(天氣),luck(運(yùn)氣),grass(草)
★中日不變,英法變,其余s加后面
German-Germans(德國(guó)人)
注意:部分不可數(shù)名詞我們需要用到量詞來(lái)形容。比如一杯水,一杯牛奶,一碗飯等等。一.名詞變復(fù)數(shù)1.
pen
__________
2.cup
___________
3.fruit
__________
4.country
____________
5.
family
____________
6.chick__________
7.point______________
8.man
______________
9.
child__________
10.fireman
____________
11.shelf
____________
12.
photo________二.判斷下列名詞哪些是可數(shù)名詞,在其后面打勾1.puter8.bag9.umbrella10.ring11.rice12.weather參考答案:一、1.pens2.cups3.fruit4.countries5.families6.chicken7.point8.men9.children10.firemen11.shelves12.photos二、2.pen4.watch7.computers8.bag9.umbrella10.ring.鞏固訓(xùn)練:寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1、orange
2、class
3、text
4、monkey
5、piano
6、child
7、shelf
8、bed
9、country
10、family
11、toy
12、foot
13、Japanese
14、radio
15、photo
16、army
_
17、tomato
18、fox
19、woman
20、knife
參考答案:1、orange
oranges
2、class
classes
3、text
texts
4、monkey
monkeys
5、piano
pianos
6、child
children
7、shelf
shelves
8、bed
beds
9、country
countries
10、family
families
11、toy
toys
12、foot
feet
13、Japanese
Japanese
14、radio
radios
15、photo
photos
16、army
armies
17、tomato
tomatoes
18、fox
foxes
19、woman
women
20、knife
knives
5.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)1.Be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)be
動(dòng)詞遇到名詞時(shí)的運(yùn)用:
單數(shù)名詞用is,
復(fù)數(shù)名詞用are.
不可數(shù)名詞用is。be動(dòng)詞分為am
is
are
am用于第一人稱單數(shù)(I);is用于第三人稱單數(shù)(he
she
it和其他人名或稱謂,如:Ben
his
sister等);are用于第二人稱單數(shù)(you)和所有復(fù)數(shù)(包括第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)we、第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)you;第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)they和其他復(fù)數(shù),如the
children
、
his
parents等)。
2.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù):
單數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)(+S),復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用原型(不+S)第一種情況:主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)(he
she
it
和其他,如Helen
、her
cousin
等),動(dòng)詞后一般加s或es。
第二種情況:主語(yǔ)不是第三人稱單數(shù),動(dòng)詞都用原形。
6.名詞前的冠詞(a,an,the)可數(shù)名詞可以和冠詞a/an連用,不可數(shù)名詞前不可以用冠詞a/an.
①a和an均用在單數(shù)名詞之前,表示某一類人或事物中的"一個(gè)",相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的"一",但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目觀念。
②a用在輔音(音素)之前,an用在元音(音素)之前。如:a
notebook一個(gè)筆記本,a
book一本書,an
old
man一位老人,an
English
class一堂英語(yǔ)課。字母u讀作[ju:]時(shí),由于第一個(gè)音[j]是輔音,故前面用a,不用an。如:a
useful
book一本有用的書,a
university一所大學(xué)。字母h如不發(fā)音,第一個(gè)音又是元音,前面用an而不用a,如an
hour一小時(shí),an
honest
person一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。
7.
many+可數(shù)名詞、much
+不可數(shù)名詞
(表示數(shù)量很多)
few+可數(shù)名詞、little+不可數(shù)名詞
(表示數(shù)量極少)沒(méi)幾個(gè)
a
few+可數(shù)名詞、a
little+不可數(shù)名詞(表示數(shù)量極少)有幾個(gè)
some,
any
,
a
lot
of、lots
of既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞
4、對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)用how
many
對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)用
how
much
How
many
books
do
you
have?
How
much
milk
does
he
drink
in
the
morning?
可數(shù)名詞的表達(dá)總結(jié)①可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量可以直接用數(shù)詞來(lái)修飾
如:two
students(兩個(gè)學(xué)生)
也可用many、a
few
、some、any、a
lot
of
,lots
of
,most
of
等修飾。
不可數(shù)名詞的表達(dá)總結(jié)不可數(shù)名詞的量有以下兩種表示方法:
用much
,a
little
,some,any,a
lot
of
a
lot
of
,lots
of
,most
of等表多少。
如There
is
much
water
in
the
bottle
.瓶中有很多水。
I'll
tell
you
much
good
news.我要告訴你許多好消息。
2)
用單位詞表示。
(用a
...
of
表示。)
如
a
cup
of
(
一杯),a
bottle
of
(一瓶)
a
piece
of
(
一張),a
pair
of
shoes(一雙鞋)
two
cups
of
tea(兩杯茶),five
pieces
of
paper(五張紙)
隨堂練習(xí):1.
Ihavetwo_____(knife).2.
Therearemany_____here.(box)3.
Therearemany_____ontheroad.(bus)4.
Afew_____aredrawingonthewall.(boy)5.
The_____areplayingfootballnow.(child)6.Icanseea_______standingnearthedoor.(policeman)7.Doyouwantsome________fordinner?(potato)8Inautumn,youcanseealotof_______ontheground.(leaf)
9.Hehastwo_______.Oneisblue,theotherisyellow.(box)10.Two________liveinthisbuilding.(family)11.Therearesomany________(wolf)intheforest.12.Therearethree______(chair)intheclassroom.13.These_______(tomato)arered.
14.Mybrotherlooksaftertwo______(baby)15.Therearesome______(deer)eatingthegrass.16.Myfatherlikestoeat_______(potato).參考答案:1.knives2.boxes3.buses4.boys5.children6.policeman7.potatoes8.leaves9.boxes10.families11.wolves12.chairs13.tomatoes14.babies15.deer16.potatoes8.名詞的所有格
有些名詞的可以加’s來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系,帶這種詞尾的名詞的形式稱為該名詞的所有格。
如Mary's
father(瑪麗的父親)
、Jim's
mother(吉姆的母親)
。與所有格相對(duì)來(lái)看,不帶這種詞尾的形式就稱為普通格。
1)單數(shù)名詞詞尾加’s,復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾如沒(méi)有s,也要加’s。
如Tom's
knife(湯姆的小刀)
children's
books(兒童書籍)
2)表示幾個(gè)人共有一樣?xùn)|西,只需在最后一個(gè)人名字后加’s,如果表示各自所有,則需在各個(gè)名字后加’s。
如Jim
and
Mike's
room吉姆和麥克(共用)的房間
Jim's
and
Mike's
rooms吉姆和麥克(各自)的房間
3)若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s,只加"'"即可。
如the
students'
reading-room(學(xué)生閱覽室)
Everyone
needs
to
have
at
least
eight
hours'
sleep
a
night.
每個(gè)人每晚需要至少8小時(shí)的睡眠。
隨堂練習(xí):一
.選擇
1.
How’s
Joy’s
skirt?
Her
skirt
is
more
beautiful
than
________.
A.her
sister’s
and
Kate
B.her
sister
and
Kate
C.her
sister
and
Kate’s
D.her
sister’s
and
Kate’s
2.This
is
_______
room.
The
twin
sisters
like
it
very
much.
A.Lucy’s
and
Lily’s
B.Lucy’s
and
Lily
C.Lucy
and
Lily’s
3.It’s
about
__________walk
from
my
home.
A.
ten
minute
B.
ten
minutes’
C.
ten
minute’s
D.
ten
minutes
4.Every
morning
Mr.
Smith
takes
a
________
to
his
office.
A.
20
minutes
walk
B.
20
minute’s
walk
C.
20-minutes
walk
D.
20-minute
walk
5.__________
mothers
made
them
have
piano
lessons.
A.
Peter
and
Anne
B.
Peter’s
and
Anne’s
C.
Peter’s
and
Anne
D.
Peter
and
Anne’s
6.The
room
on
the
right
is
________.
A.
her
B.
she
C.
Lucy’s
D.
Lucy
7.We’ll
have
a
____________
holiday.
What
about
going
to
the
West
Lake?A.
two
days
B.
two-day
C.
two-days
D.
two-days’
8.The
market
isn’t
far
from
here.
It’s
only
___________
bicycle
ride.
A.
half
an
hours’
B.
half
an
hour’s
C.
half
an
hour
D.
an
hour
and
a
half
9.Where’s
your
father
?
At
_________.
A.
Mr
Green’s
B.
Mr.
Green
C.
the
Mr.
Green’s
10.The
twin
brothers
always
put
small
presents
in
___________stockings
on
Christmas
Day.
A.
each
other’s
B.
each
other
C.
each
others
D.
each
others’
二
填空
1.
__________________________(李明的父母)work
in
a
big
hospital.
2.
This
is
__________________________________(我妹妹的語(yǔ)文書)
3.
__________________________________(雙胞胎的臥室)
are
very
nice.
4.
______________________________(王平和王明的父親)
is
a
hotel
manager.
5.
Is
this
___________________________________(你的好朋友的鋼筆)
?
6.
They
are
___________________________________(Peter
和Sam的老師).
7.
___________________________(教師節(jié))
is
on
September
10th
.
8.
___________________________________(學(xué)生們的桌椅)
are
very
new.
9.
We
are
very
happy
on
____________________________________(兒童節(jié)).
10.
He
is
in
_________________________________(老師的辦公室)
now.參考答案:一,1.D2.C3.B4.BD5.B6.C7.B8.B9.A10.A二,1.LiMing’sparents2.mysister’sChinesebook3.Thetwins’bedrooms4.WangPingandWangMing’sfather5.yourgoodfriend’spen6.Peter’sandSam’steachers7.Teachers’Day8.Students’desksandchairs9.Children’Day10.teachers’office<一>、寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
1、orange
2、class
3、text
4、monkey
5、piano
6、child
7、shelf
8、bed
9、country
10、family
11、toy
12、foot
13、Japanese
14、radio
15、photo
16、army
17、tomato
18、fox
19、woman
20、knife
21、sheep
<二>、選擇填空
1、There
on
the
wall
.They
are
very
beautiful.
A.
are
photoes
B.
are
photos
C.
is
a
photo
D.
is
photos
2.
How
many
______
do
you
see
in
the
picture?
A.
tomatos
B.
tomatoes
C.
tomato
D.
the
tomato
3.
______
and
______
are
not
friends.
A.
Foxs…wolfs
B.
Foxes…wolfs
C.
Foxes…wolves
4.
That’s
art
book.
A.
an
B.
a
C.
the
D
are
5.
The
boys
get
.
A.
two
bread
B.
two
breads
C.
two
pieces
of
bread
D.
two
piece
of
bread
6.
The
old
man
wants
.
A.
six
boxes
of
apples
B.
six
boxes
of
apple
C.
six
box
of
apples
D.
six
boxs
of
apples
7.
There
some
in
the
river.
A.
is
,fish
B.
are,
fishs
C.
is,
fishs
D.
are
,fish
8.
There
two
in
the
box.
A.
is
watch
B.
are
watches
C.
are
watch
D.
is
watches
9.
We
should
clean
twice
a
day.
A
.our
tooth
B.
our
tooths
C.teeth
D.our
teeth
10.
They
come
from
different
______
A.
country
B.
countries
C.
a
country
D.
countrys
11.
They
are______.
A
.
woman
teachers
B.
women
teachers
C.
women
teacher
D.
woman
teacher
12.
Would
you
like
_______
,please?
A.
two
glass
of
water
B.
two
glasses
of
water
C.
two
glass
of
waters
D.
two
glasses
of
waters
13.
These
are
the
______
of
our
national
______.
A.
photos
…
heroes
B.
photoes
…
heroes
C.
photos
…
heros
14.
There
are
some
______
in
these
_______.
A.knifes…pencil-boxes
B.knives…pencils-box
C.knives…pencil-box
D.knives…pencil-boxes
15.
There
is
no
______
in
the
plate.
A.
apples
B.
oranges
C.
rice
D.
eggs
16.
_______
are
good
for
our
health.
A.
Tomatos
B.
Tomatoes
C.
Tomato
17.
I
like
to
eat
cake
with
______.
A.
cherries
B.
cherry(櫻桃)
C.cherrys
18.
The
______
are
running
on
the
______.
A.
deer
…
grasses
B.
deers
…
grass
C.
deer
…
grass
19.
I
was
so
hungry
and
I
eat
two
______.
A.
bowls
of
noodle
B.
bowls
of
noodles
C.
bowl
of
noodles
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