中國(guó)和全球腫瘤發(fā)病率和死亡率解析

最新腫瘤發(fā)病率和死亡率解析中國(guó)&全球---?2021中國(guó)腫瘤登記年報(bào)?---?GlobalCancerStatistics2021?byIARCTangJian2021/3/121精選ppt中國(guó)腫瘤發(fā)病率和死亡率總體情況中國(guó)腫瘤發(fā)病率和死亡率〔按性別〕中國(guó)腫瘤發(fā)病率和死亡率〔按地域〕中國(guó)腫瘤發(fā)病率和死亡率〔按年齡〕中國(guó)排名前十腫瘤病種的發(fā)病率和死亡率全球腫瘤發(fā)病率和死亡率具體情況目錄

CONTENTS2精選ppt中國(guó)腫瘤發(fā)病率和死亡率總體情況總體腫瘤發(fā)病率和死亡率較高：

腫瘤發(fā)病率：每10萬人中有286人患癌；一生中有22%的概率患癌癥。腫瘤死亡率：每10萬人有181人患癌死亡；一生中有13%的概率患癌死亡；每分鐘就有6人被確診為癌癥，平均每5位癌癥患者有3人死亡。3精選ppt中國(guó)腫瘤發(fā)病率和死亡率〔按性別〕相比女性，男性癌癥發(fā)病率和死亡率都高：腫瘤發(fā)病率：男女之比1.3:1；腫瘤死亡率：男女之比1.65:1。

一生中，男性患癌癥概率為26%，女性19%一生中，男性因患癌死亡概率為17%，女性為9%患癌人群中，因患癌而死亡的概率，男性(71%)比女性(54%)高4精選ppt中國(guó)腫瘤發(fā)病率和死亡率〔按地域〕城市人口與農(nóng)村人口相比，癌癥發(fā)病率要略高，但一生中因患癌癥死亡率要低：

腫瘤發(fā)病率：城市與農(nóng)村之比1.2:1；腫瘤死亡率：城市與農(nóng)村之比1.02:1。

一生中，城市患癌癥概率為22.23%，農(nóng)村21.76%。一生中，城市患癌死亡概率為12%，農(nóng)村為15%。患癌人群中，因患癌而死亡的概率，城市人口(60%)比農(nóng)村人口(71%)低5精選ppt中國(guó)腫瘤發(fā)病率和死亡率〔按年齡〕腫瘤發(fā)病率隨人群年齡逐漸上升，特別是50歲以上隨年齡增加而大幅上升

50歲以上占全部發(fā)病的80%以上；80-85歲最高。6精選ppt中國(guó)腫瘤發(fā)病率和死亡率〔按年齡〕腫瘤死亡率隨人群年齡逐漸上升，特別是60歲以上隨年齡增加而大幅上升60歲以上約占全部死亡的63%以上；85歲以上到達(dá)最高。7精選ppt中國(guó)排名前十腫瘤病種的發(fā)病率和死亡率〔總體情況〕發(fā)病率與死亡率最高的均是肺癌，排名前十病種的發(fā)病率占比76.39%。排名前十病種的死亡率占比84.27%.8精選ppt中國(guó)排名前十腫瘤病種的發(fā)病率〔按性別〕男性發(fā)病率最高的是肺癌，其次為胃癌、肝癌。排名前十病種的發(fā)病率占比84.14%。女性發(fā)病率最高的是乳腺癌，其次為肺癌、結(jié)直腸癌。排名前十病種的發(fā)病率占比77.57%。9精選ppt中國(guó)排名前十腫瘤病種的死亡率〔按性別〕男性死亡率最高的是肺癌，其次為肝癌、胃癌。排名前十病種的死亡率占比88.33%。女性死亡率最高的是肺癌，其次為胃癌、肝癌。排名前十病種的死亡率占比81.12%。10精選ppt全球腫瘤發(fā)病率和死亡率具體情況11精選pptWorldwide1.1:11.26:1Total:12,700,000Total:7,600,00012精選pptDevelopedcountries13精選pptDevelopingcountries14精選ppt15精選ppt16精選ppt17精選pptItshouldalsobenotedthatcancertendstobediagnosedatlaterstagesinmanydevelopingcountriescomparedwithdevelopedcountriesandthis,combinedwithreducedaccesstoappropriatetherapeuticfacilitiesanddrugs(Fig.3),hasanadverseeffectonsurvival.18精選ppt19精選pptSelectedCancersFemaleBreastCancer[1]20精選pptBreastcanceristhemostfrequentlydiagnosedcancerandtheleadingcauseofcancerdeathinfemalesworldwide,accountingfor23%(1.38million)ofthetotalnewcancercasesand14%(458,400)ofthetotalcancerdeathsin2021(Fig.2),Abouthalfthebreastcancercasesand60%ofthedeathsareestimatedtooccurineconomicallydevelopingcountries.21精選pptIngeneral,incidenceratesarehighinWesternandNorthernEurope,Australia/NewZealand,andNorthAmerica;intermediateinSouthAmerica,theCaribbean,andNorthernAfrica;andlowinsub-SaharanAfricaandAsia.22精選pptThefactorsthatcontributetotheinternationalvariationinincidencerateslargelystemfromdifferencesinreproductiveandhormonalfactorsandtheavailabilityofearlydetectionservices.23精選pptReproductivefactorsthatincreaserisk12345longmenstrualhistoryoralcontraceptiveslateageatfirstbirthnulliparityrecentuseofpostmenopausalhormonetherapy24精選pptHowtoreducetheriskofdevelopingbreastcancer?MaintainingahealthybodyweightIncreasingphysicalactivityMinimizingalcoholintakeEarlydetectionstrategiesincludethepromotionofawarenessofearlysignsandsymptomsandscreeningbyclinicalbreastexaminationBestavailablestrategies25精選pptSelectedCancersColorectalCancer[2]26精選pptColorectalcanceristhe3rdmostcommonlydiagnosedcancerinmalesandthe2ndinfemales,withover1.2millionnewcancercasesand608,700deathsestimatedtohaveoccurredin2021.27精選pptThehighestincidenceratesarefoundinAustraliaandNewZealand,Europe,andNorthAmerica,whereasthelowestratesarefoundinAfricaandSouth-CentralAsia.Ratesaresubstantiallyhigherinmalesthaninfemales.28精選pptTrendsRiskFactorsRatescontinuetoincreaseincountrieswithlimitedresourcesandhealthinfrastructure,particularlyinEasternEuropeandEasternAsiaWhiledecreasinginseveralWesterncountries,particularlyinUnitedStates,Canada,andAustraliaSmokingPhysicalinactivityOverweight/ObesityRedandprocessedmeatconsumptionExcessivealcoholconsumptionPopulation-basedcolorectalscreeningprograms**AccordingtoarecentrandomizedtrialintheUnitedKingdom,aone-timeflexiblesigmoidoscopyscreeningbetween55and64yearsofagereducedcolorectalcancerincidenceby33%andmortalityby43%.29精選pptSelectedCancersLungCancer[3]30精選pptLungcancerwasthemostcommonlydiagnosedcanceraswellastheleadingcauseofcancerdeathinmalesin2021globally.Amongfemales,itwasthe4thmostcommonlydiagnosedcancerandthe2ndleadingcauseofcancerdeath.Lungcanceraccountsfor13%(1.6million)ofthetotalcasesand18%(1.4million)ofthedeathsin2021.31精選pptInmales,thehighestlungcancerincidenceratesareinEasternandSouthernEurope,NorthAmerica,andEasternAsia,whileratesarelowinsub-SaharanAfrica.Infemales,thehighestlungcancerincidenceratesarefoundinNorthAmerica,NorthernEurope,andAustralia/NewZealand.32精選pptSmokingaccountsfor80%oftheworldwidelungcancerburdeninmalesandatleast50%oftheburdeninfemales.33精選pptMalelungcancerdeathratesaredecreasinginmostWesterncountries,includingmanyEuropeancountries,NorthAmerica,andAustralia,wherethetobaccoepidemicpeakedbythemiddleofthelastcentury.Incontrast,lungcancerratesareincreasingincountriessuchasChinaandseveralothercountriesinAsiaandAfrica,wheretheepidemichasbeenestablishedmorerecentlyandsmokingprevalencecontinuestoeitherincreaseorshowsignsofstability.34精選pptbyapplyingproventobaccocontrolinterventionsthatincluderaisingthepriceofcigarettes*andothertobaccoproducts,banningsmokinginpublicplaces,therestrictionofadvertisingoftobaccoproducts,counteradvertising,andtreatingtobaccodependence.avoidtheburdenoflungcancerBeststrategy*a10%increaseincigarettepriceshasbeenshowntoreducecigaretteconsumptionby3%to5%.35精選pptSelectedCancersProstateCancer[4]36精選pptProstatecanceristhe2ndmostfrequentlydiagnosedcancerandthe6thleadingcauseofcancerdeathinmales,accountingfor14%(903,500)ofthetotalnewcancercasesand6%(258,400)ofthetotalcancerdeathsinmalesin2021。37精選pptIncidenceratesvarybymorethan25-foldworldwidelargelybecauseofthewideutilizationofprostate-specificantigen(PSA)testing.Deathratesforprostatecancerhavebeendecreasinginmanydevelopedcountries,includingAustralia,Canada,theUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStates,Italyinpartbecauseoftheimprovedtreatmentwithcurativeintent.38精選ppttheonlywell-establishedriskfactorsOlderageRace(black)Familyhistorytherearenoestablishedpreventableriskfactorsforprostatecancer.39精選pptSelectedCancersStomachCancer[5]40精選pptAtotalof989,600newstomachcancercasesand738,000deathsareestimatedtohaveoccurredin2021,accountingfor8%ofthetotalcasesand10%oftotaldeaths.Over70%ofnewcasesanddeathsoccurindevelopingcountries.Generally,stomachcancerratesareabouttwiceashighinmalesasinfemales.41精選pptThehighestincidenceratesareinEasternAsia,EasternEurope,andSouthAmericaandthelowestratesareinNorthAmericaandmostpartsofAfrica.Regionalvariationsinpartreflectdifferencesindietarypatterns,particularlyinEuropeancountries,andtheprevalenceofHelicobacterpyloriinfection.42精選ppt1234theincreaseduseandavailabilityofrefrigerationincludingtheincreasedavailabilityoffreshfruitsandvegetables,andadecreasedrelianceonsaltedandpreservedfoods.Rateshavedecreaseddueto(westerncountries):reductionsinchronicH.pyloriinfection

inmostpartsoftheworld.reductionsinsmokinginsomepartsofthedevelopedworld.InJapan,mortalityratesmayhavedeclinedviatheintroductionofscreeningusingphotofluorography.43精選pptSelectedCancersLiverCancer[6]44精選pptLivercancerinmenisthe5thmostfrequentlydiagnosedcancerworldwidebutthe2ndmostfrequentcauseofcancerdeath.Inwomen,itisthe7thmostcommonlydiagnosedcancerandthe6thleadingcauseofcancerdeath.Anestimated748,300newlivercancercasesand695,900cancerdeathsoccurredworldwidein2021.45精選pptHalfofthesecasesanddeathswereestimatedtooccurinChina.Globally,ratesaremorethantwiceashighinmalesasinfemales.46精選pptRiskfactorsaccountingforlivercancer12345chronicHBV/HCVinfectionnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseobesityalcohol-relatedcirrhosisaflatoxinB1(AFB)exposure47精選pptLivercancerincidenceratesareincreasinginmanypartsoftheworldincludingtheUnitedStatesandCentralEurope,possiblyduetotheobesityepidemicandtheriseinHCVinfectionthroughcontinuedtransmissionbyinjectiondrugusers.Incontrasttothetrendinthelow-riskareas,ratesdecreasedinsomehistoricallyhigh-riskareas,possiblyduetotheHBVvaccine.UniversalinfanthepatitisvaccinationprogramsinTaiwanreducedlivercancerincidenceratesbyabouttwo-thirdsinchildrenandyoungadults.48精選pptintroducedtheHBVvaccineintotheirnationalinfantimmunizationschedules(Fig.10).PreventivestrategiesagainstHCV,includescreeningofdonor’sbloodforantibodiestoHCV,institutingadequateinfectioncontrolpracticesincludingtheuseoforaldeliveryofmedicineswherepossible,andneedleexchangeprogramsamonginjectiondrugusers.CropsubstitutionandimprovedgrainstoragepracticeshavebeenshowntoreducecontaminationwithAFB.avoidtheburdenoflivercancerBeststrategy49精選ppt50精選pptSelectedCancersCervicalCancer[7]51精選pptCervicalcanceristhe3rdmostcommonlydiagnosedcancerandthe4thleadingcauseofcancerdeathinfemalesworldwide,accountingfor9%(529,800)ofthetotalnewcancercasesand8%(275,100)ofthetotalcancerdeathsamongfemalesin2021.Morethan85%ofthesecasesanddeathsoccurindevelopingcountries.India,the2ndmostpopulouscountryintheworld,accountsfor27%(77,100)ofthetotalcervicalcancerdeaths.52精選pptWorldwide,thehighestincidenceratesareinEastern,Western,andSouthernAfrica,aswellasSouth-CentralAsiaandSouthAmerica.RatesarelowestinWesternAsia,Australia/NewZealand,andNorthAmerica.Thedisproportionatelyhighburdenofcervicalcancerindevelopingcountriesandelsewhereinmedicallyunderservedpopulationsislargelyduetoalackofscreeningthatallowsdetectionofprecancerousandearlystagecervicalcancer.53精選pptThemostefficientandcost-effectivescreeningtechniquesinlow-resourcecountries

visualInspection

aceticacid/Lugol’siodineHPVDNAtestingArecentclinicaltrialinruralIndia,alow-resourcearea,foundthatasingleroundofHPVDNAtestingwasassociatedwithabouta50%reductionintheriskofdevelopingadvancedcervicalcancerandassociateddeaths.54精選pptTheexpectationsthatvaccineswhichprimarilyprotectagainstthemostcommonstrainsofHPVinfections(HPVtypes16and18),whichcauseabout70%ofcervicalcancers,maypreventcervicalcancerworldwideareatpresenthigh.However,affordablepricingisthemostcriticalfactortofacilitatetheintroductionofHPVvaccinesinlow-andmedium-resourcecountriesintheshortterm.Itisalsoextremelyimportantthatwomencontinuetoreceivescreeningservicesbecausethecurrentvaccinesarebeinggiventoadolescentgirlsonly,andevenvaccinatedgirlsshouldbeginscreeningwhentheyreachtherecommendedscreeningagesincethevaccinesdonotprovideprotectionforthe30%ofchronicinfectionsbyHPVtypesotherthanHPV16,18,6and11thatcausecervicalcancer.DisputeofHPV55精選pptSelectedCancersEsophageal[8]56精選pptEsophagealcancerusuallyoccursaseithersquamouscellcarcinomainthemiddleorupperone-thirdoftheesophagus,orasadenocarcinomaintheloweronethirdorjunctionoftheesophagusandstomach.57精選pptAnestimated482,300newesophagealcancercasesand406,800deathsoccurredin2021worldwide.Incidenceratesvaryinternationallybynearly16-fold,withthehighestratesfoundinSouthernandEasternAfricaandEasternAsiaandlowestratesobservedinWesternandMiddleAfricaandCentralAmericainbothmalesandfemales.Esophagealcanceris3to4timesmorecommonamongmalesthanfemales.58精選pptInthehighestriskarea,stretchingfromnorthernIranthroughthecentralAsianrepublicstoNorth-CentralChina,oftenreferredtoasthe‘esophagealcancerBelt’90%ofcasesaresquamouscellcarcinomas.EsophagealCancerBelt59精選pptMajorriskfactors

(forsquamouscellcarcinomas)

PoornutritionalstatusLowintakeoffruitsandvegetablesDrinkingbeveragesathighTemperaturesSmoking/excessivealcoholconsumptionInlow-riskareassuchastheUnitedStatesandseveralWesterncountries,smokingandexcessivealcoholconsumptionaccountforabout90%ofthetotalcasesofsquamouscellcarcinomaoftheesophagus.60精選pptMajorriskfactors

(foradenocarcinoma)

SmokingOverweight/ObesityChronicgastroesophagealrefluxdiseaseBarrett’sesophagus61精選pptIncidenceratesforadenocarcinomaoftheesophagushavebeenincreasinginseveralwesterncountries,inpartduetoincreasesintheprevalenceofknownriskfactorssuchasoverweightandobesity.Incontrast,ratesforsquamouscellcarcinomaoftheesophagushavebeensteadilydeclininginthesesamecountriesbecauseoflong-termreductionsintobaccouseandalcoholconsumption.62精選pptSelectedCancersBladder[9]63精選pptAnestimated386,300newcasesand150,200deathsfrombladdercanceroccurredin2021worldwide.Themajorityofbladdercanceroccursinmalesandthereisa14-foldvariationinincidenceinternationally.ThehighestincidenceratesarefoundinthecountriesofEurope,NorthAmerica,andNorthernAfrica.Egyptianmaleshavethehighestmortalityrates,whichistwiceashighasthehighestratesinEuropeandover4timeshigherthanthatintheUnitedStates.ThelowestratesarefoundinthecountriesofMelanesiaandMiddleAfrica.64精選pptSmokingisthemajorriskfactorsinWesterncountries,whereaschronicinfectionwithSchistosomahematobiumindevelopingcountries,particularlyinAfricaandtheMiddleEast,accountsforabout50%ofthetotalburden.65精選pptSelectedCancersLipandOralCavity[10]66精選pptAnestimated263,900newcasesand128,000deathsfromoralcavitycancer(includinglipcancer)occurredin2021worldwide.Generally,thehighestoralcavitycancerratesarefoundinMelanesia,South-CentralAsia,andCentralandEasternEurop