適用于老高考舊教材廣西專版2023屆高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí)第一部分語篇型語法填空和短文改錯專題十一特殊句式與主謂一致課件

第一部分專題十一特殊句式與主謂一致英語內(nèi)容索引基礎(chǔ)自診?夯基固本高頻考點?探究突破新題演練?能力遷移基礎(chǔ)自診?夯基固本詞匯復(fù)習(xí)11(根據(jù)漢語提示填入以f開頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以f開頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。)【情景】Whenthefashionartmasterdeliveredthespeech,hementionedthatyouhaveto1.________(打;斗爭)againstthefollowing

2.________(因素)suchasself-doubt,3.________(失敗),loneliness,misunderstandingandeventhreatonconditionthatyouwanttohaveaccesstoachievement.Furthermore,youshouldget4.____________(熟悉)withanyflexible

change,focus

onthekeypointsandformagoodhabit.Onlyinthiswaycanapersonhavegoodfortune.

fightfactorsfailurefamiliar譯文

當(dāng)那個時尚藝術(shù)大師發(fā)表演講時,他提道:如果你想獲得成就,你必須和以下因素做斗爭,例如,不自信、失敗、孤獨、誤解,甚至是威脅。而且,你應(yīng)該熟悉任何靈活的變化,著重關(guān)注要點,養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣。只有用這種方式一個人才可以得到好運(yùn)。特殊句式很特別,每類都有規(guī)則尋;注意語境和邏輯,感情表達(dá)更充分。1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改編)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat________________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.

were解析:考查動詞的時態(tài)及主謂一致。根據(jù)后面的副詞previously可知,此處用一般過去時;that指代前面的a

significant

number

of

areas,所以謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故用were。2.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit_____________(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”

3.(2020·浙江卷)And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood________________(need).

means解析:考查主謂一致。根據(jù)上文的excites,says以及have可知,該處需用一般現(xiàn)在時,又因從句主語是it,故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式

means。means解析:考查主謂一致。food

為不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,又因food與need之間為動賓關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài)。4.(2020·山東卷)Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection_____________(be)ondisplay.

5.(2018·天津卷改編)Itwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhouse________________wesawLilyinthepassengerseat.

is解析:考查主謂一致。該句主語為a

small

part

of...,故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。that解析:考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意:只有當(dāng)汽車停在我們的房子前,我們才看見莉莉坐在乘客座上。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特點是去掉It

was和that,句子仍是完整的,本句符合這個特點。故填that。6.(2018·北京卷改編)Inanyunsafesituation,simply__________(press)thebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.

press解析:考查祈使句。句意:在任何不安全的情況下,僅僅按一下這個按鈕,一個訓(xùn)練有素的人員就會給你所需要的幫助。本題是“祈使句+and+簡單句”結(jié)構(gòu),所以填動詞原形。7.(2018·全國Ⅱ卷)China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile________________(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.

feeding解析:考查省略句。句意:中國在為公民提供食物的同時保護(hù)環(huán)境的做法“為世界各地的農(nóng)業(yè)和食品政策制定者提供了有益的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)”,銀行的Juergen

Voegele說道。本句是省略句,句子補(bǔ)全為:while

it

is

feeding...。由于主句的主語和從句的主語一致,所以省去了it

is。高頻考點?探究突破一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本構(gòu)成為:Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who/that+其他成分。一般來說,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時,可用who或that;被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指物時,用that。ItwasJohnwho/thatworehisbestsuittothedancelastnight.是約翰昨晚穿著他最好的一套衣服去參加舞會的。ItwashisbestsuitthatJohnworetothedancelastnight.約翰昨晚是穿著他最好的一套衣服去參加舞會的。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句形式為“Is/Wasit+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他成分”;特殊疑問句形式為“Wh-疑問詞+is/wasit+that+其他成分”。Wasitinhighschoolthatyoubeganplayingbasketball?你是不是在高中的時候開始打籃球的?Wherewasitthatyouputyourmobilephoneaftercomingback?你回來之后把手機(jī)放在什么地方了?3.not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)中的狀語成分在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中被強(qiáng)調(diào)時,not與until要放在一起。ItwasnotuntilheremovedhissunglassesthatIrecognizedhim.直到他把太陽鏡摘下來我才認(rèn)出他來。注意

強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主謂一致:當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時,其后的謂語動詞應(yīng)與主語一致,即人稱和數(shù)要一致。Itismymotherwhocookseveryday.每天煮飯的是我媽媽。Itishewhoiswrong.是他錯了。二、全部倒裝1.表示方位或時間的副詞或介詞短語,如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,onthewall,underthetree等置于句首、且主語是名詞時,此時要用全部倒裝。Theregoesthebell.鈴響了。Onthetopofthehillstandsapinetree.山頂有棵松樹。2.代詞such放在句首、且在句中做表語時,此時要用全部倒裝。Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.這些就是事實;沒有人可以否認(rèn)它們。3.為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或使上下文銜接緊密,常將做表語的形容詞、副詞、分詞或介詞短語提到句首,引起全部倒裝。Seatedinthefirstlinearesomeadvancedworkers.坐在第一排的是一些先進(jìn)工作者。注意

1.全部倒裝句中不用進(jìn)行時,采用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)代替進(jìn)行時。Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscominghere.公交車來了。2.當(dāng)句子的主語為人稱代詞時,即使有表示方位或時間的副詞或介詞短語置于句首,句子也不再用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Outherushed.他沖了出去。三、部分倒裝1.only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句做狀語且放在句首時,句子用部分倒裝。OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.只有用這種方法我們才能學(xué)好英語。Onlywhenonelosesfriendshipdoesoneknowitsvalue.只有當(dāng)一個人失去友誼時,他才知道友誼的價值。2.否定副詞never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表示否定意義的介詞短語atnotime,under/innocircumstances,innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition,innoway等置于句首時,句子用部分倒裝。NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.=Ihaveneverseensuchamovingfilmbefore.以前我從未看過這么感人的電影。BynomeanswillIgiveupsearchingformylostdog.我絕不會放棄尋找我那只丟失的狗。3.as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,要將表語、狀語或謂語動詞提到句首;though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,也可用正常語序。Tiredthough/ashewas,hekeptonrunning.=Thoughhewastired,hekeptonrunning.盡管他很累,但還是繼續(xù)跑著。4.倒裝句常見句型總結(jié)

句型意義倒裝位置So+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語……也是如此

Neither/Nor+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語……也不……

So+adj./adv....+that...如此……以至于……that之前的部分Such+adj.+n....+that...如此……以至于……that之前的部分Neither...nor...既不……也不……Neither后的分句Notonly...but(also)...不僅……而且……Notonly后的分句Notuntil...直到……才……Notuntil...之后不倒裝,主句倒裝Hardly/Scarcely...when...剛……就……Hardly/Scarcely后的主句Nosooner...than...剛……就……Nosooner后的主句Sofrightenedwasshethatshecouldnotsayaword.她如此害怕以至于一句話也說不出來。Suchgreatprogressdidhemakethathewaspraised.他取得了如此大的進(jìn)步以至于受到了表揚(yáng)。HardlyhadIenteredthelecturehallwhenIwassurroundedbythestudents.我剛一進(jìn)入報告廳就被同學(xué)們圍住了。四、省略句及其他(一)省略句1.not,so的替代性省略動詞believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,suppose,think等和I’mafraid后面可用替代詞so或not來避免重復(fù)前面提到的內(nèi)容。表示肯定意義時,以上動詞都可與so搭配;但表示否定意義時,hope與guess只用Ihopenot和Iguessnot的形式,而think,believe,suppose等詞可有兩種形式,即:Ithinknot和Idon’tthinkso。如:—Dotheymindyousmokingthere?——他們介意你在那兒吸煙嗎?—Idon’tthinkso./Ithinknot.——我想不會。2.在when,while,whenever,till,assoonas,if,unless,asif,though,as等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,若從句的主語是it或與主句的主語相同,且在謂語部分含有be動詞時,從句的主語和be動詞常被省略。If(itis)possible,IwanttotraveltoBeijingwithmyfamily.如果有可能,我想同家人一起去北京旅游。Youcan’tbecarefulenoughwhile(youare)crossingthestreet.過馬路時你怎么小心都不為過。Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen(itis)comparedtosuchartformsasmusicandpainting.電影制作藝術(shù)的歷史要短得多,尤其是同音樂、繪畫之類的藝術(shù)形式比較的時候。3.不定式的省略①通常情況下,只留下不定式符號to,常用于beafraid/glad/happy,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等詞之后。HethoughtIhurthimintentionally,butIdidn’tmeanto.他認(rèn)為我有意傷害他,可我并無此意。②如果不定式后有系動詞be或助動詞have時,be和have不能省略。Idon’tthinkJimislazyinhisstudy,butheusedtobe.我認(rèn)為吉姆在學(xué)習(xí)上并不懶惰,可他過去是很懶惰的。I’dliketohavegonetoyourparty,butIwastoobusy.我本想?yún)⒓幽愕木蹠?但我太忙了。(二)祈使句祈使句的固定句式1.祈使句+and+簡單句表示“如果……就……”DothatagainandI’llcallapoliceman.你再那樣做我就要叫警察了。2.祈使句+or+簡單句表示“……否則……”Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.快點,不然你就遲到了。注意

有時名詞短語可以看作是祈使句。AfewmoreminutesandIwillfinishthework.再給我?guī)追昼娢揖蜁瓿蛇@項工作。(三)感嘆句感嘆句的固定句式1.Whata(n)+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!Whataninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事啊!Whatahappy(tired/busy...)dayitis!多么快樂的(疲憊的/忙碌的……)一天啊!2.What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!Whatbeautifulbutterfliestheyare! 多么漂亮的蝴蝶啊!Whatfineweatheritistoday! 今天天氣多好啊!3.How+形容詞+a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!/What+a(n)+adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!Howtallaboyheis!=Whatatallboyheis!這個男孩真高啊!4.How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!Howwellsheplays!她演奏得多好啊!Howtouchinghisspeechwas!他的演講真動人啊!(四)附加疑問句1.祈使句的附加疑問句,疑問部分用“willyou?”。Don’tdothatagain,willyou?注意

Let’s開頭的祈使句,后用“shallwe?”;Letus開頭的祈使句,后用“willyou?”。Let’sgoandlistentomusic,shallwe?咱們?nèi)ヂ犚魳?好嗎?Letuswaitforyouinthereadingroom,willyou?我們在閱覽室等你,好嗎?2.主句主語為第一人稱,謂語是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,疑問部分與賓語從句相對應(yīng)構(gòu)成附加疑問句。Idon’tthinkheisbright,ishe?我認(rèn)為他不太聰明,對嗎?Webelieveshecandoitbetter,can’tshe?我們相信她能做得更好,不是嗎?五、主謂一致主謂一致即謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要和主語保持一致,主謂一致包括語法一致、意義一致和就近一致三種原則。做題時要注意語境中的時態(tài)及其他語法現(xiàn)象。(一)語法一致原則只要確定句子的主語是單數(shù)形式,則謂語動詞用單數(shù);若句子的主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式,則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Electriccarsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlythantraditionalcars.電動汽車比普通汽車更環(huán)保。1.主語后跟由with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besides,aswellas,inadditionto,including,ratherthan等構(gòu)成的短語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)要和這些詞匯前面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。(因為with等詞為介詞,其后跟的名詞只能是介詞賓語,不可能充當(dāng)主語。)Mr.GreentogetherwithhischildrengoestotheparkeverySunday.格林先生和他的孩子們每個周日都去公園。ThegirlsaswellastheboyhavelearnedtospeakJapanese.除那個男孩外,這些女孩也學(xué)會了說日語。2.“every/each/no+單數(shù)名詞+and+every/each/no+單數(shù)名詞,morethanone+單數(shù)名詞,manya+單數(shù)名詞,one+單數(shù)名詞+andahalf”做主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Everyboyandeverygirlishavingsportsnow.每個男孩和女孩現(xiàn)在正在做運(yùn)動。Manyachildwasplayingthere.許多孩子正在那邊玩耍。Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.不止一個學(xué)生考試失利了。Oneappleandahalfwasonthetable.桌子上有一個半蘋果。3.在“Such+be+名詞/代詞”句型中,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)后面的名詞確定。Suchismyplanforthefuture.這就是我未來的計劃。(二)意義一致原則1.當(dāng)and連接的兩個并列主語在意義上指同一個人、同一個事物、同一件事或者同一個概念時,應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。但是,當(dāng)and連接兩個形容詞去修飾一個單數(shù)形式的主語時,其實是指兩種不同的事物,主語則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù),那么謂語動詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。ThewriterandteacherSmithhasgonethroughmillionsofupsanddownssincehemovedtoSydney.那位既是作家又是教師的史密斯自從搬到悉尼經(jīng)歷了無數(shù)的成敗。Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.戰(zhàn)爭與和平在歷史上是一個永恒的主題。ChineseandJapanesesilkareofgoodquality.中國絲綢和日本絲綢質(zhì)量都不錯。2.“anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意思是“許多……”,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義;“thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意思是“……的數(shù)目”,表示單數(shù)概念?！皌hepopulationof...”意思是“……的人口數(shù)量”,做主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;但如果是分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)(halfof/therestofthepopulation)做主語時,具體指其中的多少人,表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語動詞則常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。“theaverageof...”意思是“……的平均數(shù)量”,做主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisquitelargeandanumberofteachersworkhard.我們學(xué)校學(xué)生很多并且很多教師工作很努力。Thepopulationofthecountryislargeandmostofthepopulationarefarmers.那個國家的人口很多,大部分人口是農(nóng)民。3.當(dāng)非謂語動詞和名詞性從句做主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實。Doingeyeexercisesisverygoodforyoureyes.做眼保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。Whathesaidisofgreathelptoourwork.他說的對我們的工作很有幫助。(三)就近一致原則1.謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與最近的做主語的詞語保持一致。常出現(xiàn)在這類句子中的連詞有:or,not...but...,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等。EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.要么是我要么是他們?yōu)檫@件事的結(jié)果負(fù)責(zé)。Neithertheunkindwordsnortheunfriendlyattitudehascausedmeanydistress.不友善的話語和不友好的態(tài)度都沒給我?guī)砣魏尉趩省?.當(dāng)therebe句型的主語是一系列事物時,謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。Thereisapenandseveralbooksonthedesk.桌子上有一支鋼筆和幾本書。Therearetwentyboystudentsandtwenty-threegirlstudentsintheclass.班里有二十個男同學(xué)和二十三個女同學(xué)。新題演練?能力遷移一、單句語法填空1.(2020·廣西南寧高三二模)Hedoesn’tthinkhimselfspecialandoftenstressesthatheisjustanordinarykidwho________________(love)readingaboutscienceanddoingexperiments.

2.(2020·北京東城高三二模)Mostofourtimeatthedesk__________(spend)wrestlingwithourimagination,andweknowthatasuccessfulpoemarrivesonthebackoffailure.

3.(2020·北京朝陽高三二模)Ifyourkidsarelookingforsomethingalittletrickier,why_______________letthemtryusingmagnetstomaketheirowncompass(指南針)?

lovesisspentnot4.(2022·山東棗莊二模)Music________________(include)alotofrepetition.

5.(2022·廣東深圳二調(diào))Itisroughlyestimatedthatthere_____________(be)atleastathousandpaintingsinthegallery.

6.WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschool_____________Mr.Smithgotangry?

7.Givemeachance,_____________I’llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.

8.—IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.—ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay,_____________you?

includesarethatanddidn’t

9._______________foolishwhatthesixblindmensaidsounded!

10.Idon’tthinkDavidcanfinishtheworkontime,__________________?

11.________________aninterestingrolesheplayedinthefilm!NowondershehaswonanOscar.

12.Onlyafteronehasbecomeaparent____________herealizehowgreathisparentsare.

HowcanheWhat

will二、根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的提示,改寫下列句子1.Jackwasmyprofessor.Heencouragedmetogoonwithmyexperiment.(改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句)→________________,whowasmyprofessor,____________/____________encouragedmetogoonwithmyexperiment.

2.Assoonastheprofessorarrivedatourschool,hewaswarmlywelcomed.(改為倒裝句)→__________________/________________hadtheprofessorarrivedatourschool,_____________/_____________hewaswarmlywelcomed.

ItwasJackthatwhoNosoonerHardlythanwhen3.Hewasdevotedtohisstudyandcaredlittleabouthisclothes.(改為省略句)→_____________________hisstudy,hecaredlittleabouthisclothes.

4.Ifyouarenotinvitedtospeak,youshouldkeepsilentatthemeeting.(用unless改為省略句)→________________________tospeak,youshouldkeepsilentatthemeeting.

5.Hedidn’tcomehereuntilyesterdayafternoon.(改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝句)→________________yesterdayafternoon_________hecamehere.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

→_______________yesterdayafternoon________________here.(倒裝句)

Devotedto

Unlessinvited

ItwasnotuntilthatNotuntildidhecome三、單句改錯1.OnthefrontwalloftheclassroomhangamapofChina.2.Knockingatthedoorbeforeyouentertheoffice,oryou’llbeconsideredimpolite.3.Whatdifferentlifetodayisfromwhatitwas20yearsago!hang→hangsKnocking→Knock

What→How4.Itwastotallybychancewhentheydiscoveredtheentrancetotheundergroundpalace.5.Whilewaitfortheopportunitytogetpromoted,Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.when→that

wait→waiting四、語篇填空Whenthewinterapproaches,tanghulu,atraditionalChinesesnackcanbefoundonthestreetcornerinnorthernChina.Sinceancienttimes,it1.__________(be)verypopularwithnatives,especiallychildren.

Tanghuluis2._____________(common)madeofhaws(山楂果),whicharerichinvitaminCandareknown3.___________(have)traditionalChinesemedicinalproperties.Accordingtoalegend,intheSongDynasty,oneoftheemperor’s4.__________