北京市朝陽區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量檢測英語答案

北京市朝陽區(qū)2023~2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量檢測高三英語（考試時間90分鐘滿分100分）本試卷共10頁?？忌鷦?wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Lastnightwasthelastgameformyson’ssoccerteam.Everyoneintheteamhadtrainedveryhardforitandthusconfidentlyexpectedabigwin.Itwasthefinalquarter.Thescorewastwotoone,myson’steaminthe___1___.Parentsencircledthefield,offeringencouragement.Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballrolledinfrontofmyson’steammate,MickeyO’Donnell.Withshoutsof“___2___it!”acrossthefield,Mickeytookthechanceandgaveiteverythinghehad.Allroundmethecrowderupted.Hehad___3___!However,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMickeydidit,butinthe___4___goal,endingthegameinadraw.Foramomenttherewastotal___5___.Theairseemedtobeatastandstill.Yousee,MickeyhasDown’ssyndrome,aconditioninwhichapersonisbornwithlearningdifficulties,andforhimallgoalsshouldbecelebrated.Hehad___6___beenknowntohugtheopposingplayerswhentheywonapoint.Notknowingwhatwashappening,Mickeyranovertomysonexcitedly,“Imadeit!Imadeit!Everybodywon!”ForamomentIheldmybreath,notsurehowmysonwould___7___.Ineednothaveworried.Iwatched,throughtears,myson___8___hishandintheclassichighfivegestureandstartedshouting,“WaytogoMickey!WaytogoMickey!”WithinmomentsbothteamssurroundedMickey,joiningmysonto___9___himonhisgoal.Laterthatnight,whenmydaughteraskedwhohadwon,IsmiledasIreplied,“Itwasa_____10_____.Everybodywon.”1.A.way B.position C.lead D.back2.A.Leave B.Pick C.Throw D.Kick3.A.missed B.scored C.performed D.slipped4.A.clear B.wrong C.specific D.decisive5.A.silence B.anger C.whisper D.laughter6.A.rather B.hardly C.almost D.even7.A.admit B.react C.guess D.defend8.A.drewback B.putdown C.lookedat D.threwup9.A.congratulate B.fort C.consult D.instruct10.A.relief B.key C.tie D.pity【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.B5.A6.D7.B8.D9.A10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個患有唐氏綜合癥的男孩米奇在足球比賽中踢進了烏龍球，雖然比賽打平，但所有人都認(rèn)為米奇贏了的故事?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：比分是二比一，我兒子的隊領(lǐng)先。A.way方法；B.position位置；C.lead榜樣；領(lǐng)先地位；D.back后背。根據(jù)“Thescorewastwotoone,”及下文可知，作者兒子所在的足球隊暫時領(lǐng)先。故選C。【2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：高喊著“踢它!”A.Leave離開；B.Pick撿起；C.Throw扔；D.Kick踢。根據(jù)“Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballrolledinfrontofmyson’steammate,MickeyO’Donnell.”可知，球到了米奇·奧唐納的腳下，所以所有人都喊他踢球。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他進球了!A.missed錯過；B.scored得分；C.performed表演；D.slipped滑倒。根據(jù)“However,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMickeydidit,butinthe___4___goal,endingthegameinadraw.”可知，米奇·奧唐納進球得分了。故選B?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，每個人都立刻意識到，米奇做到了，但是錯誤的進球，以平局結(jié)束比賽。A.clear清晰的；B.wrong錯誤的；C.specific明確的；D.decisive決定性的。根據(jù)“endingthegameinadraw.”可知，米奇把球踢進錯誤的球門了。故選B。【5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一時間，全場鴉雀無聲。A.silence沉默；B.anger生氣；C.whisper低語；D.laughter笑聲。根據(jù)“Theairseemedtobeatastandstill.”可知，全場都很驚訝，所以沉默的鴉雀無聲。故選A?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)對方球員贏得一分時，他甚至?xí)肀Ψ角騿T。A.rather相當(dāng)；B.hardly幾乎不；C.almost幾乎；D.even甚至。根據(jù)“Yousee,MickeyhasDown’ssyndrome,aconditioninwhichapersonisbornwithlearningdifficulties,andforhimallgoalsshouldbecelebrated.”可知，因為米奇患唐氏綜合癥，所以他甚至在對方進球時也會擁抱對方球員。選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有那么一會兒，我屏住了呼吸，不知道兒子會有什么反應(yīng)。A.admit承認(rèn)；B.react反應(yīng)；C.guess猜；D.defend防守。根據(jù)“ForamomentIheldmybreath,”可知，作者不確定兒子對這種情況的反應(yīng)，故選B。【8題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：我淚流滿面地看著兒子舉起手，做了一個經(jīng)典的擊掌動作，開始大喊：“干得好，米奇!干得好，米奇!”A.drewback撒回；B.putdown記下；C.lookedat看；D.threwup揚起。根據(jù)“hishandintheclassichighfivegestureandstartedshouting,”可知，作者兒子揚起手歡呼。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一會兒，兩支球隊都圍住了米奇，和我兒子一起祝賀他進球。A.congratulate祝賀；B.fort安慰；C.consult請教；D.instruct教導(dǎo)。根據(jù)“Iwatched,throughtears,myson___8___hishandintheclassichighfivegestureandstartedshouting,“WaytogoMickey!WaytogoMickey!””可知，兩支隊伍都加入兒子的歡呼，祝賀米奇進球。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那天晚上晚些時候，女兒問我誰贏了，我笑著回答：“平局。大家都贏了。”A.relief欣慰；B.key關(guān)鍵；C.tie平局；D.pity憐憫；同情。根據(jù)“However,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMickeydidit,butinthe___4___goal,endingthegameinadraw.”可知，比賽結(jié)果以平局告終。故選C。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。InmyearlyyearsatschoolIhadtroublewithsomesubjects.SometimesIwouldgetan“F”andthatwouldmakeme____11____(real)scared.WhatIusedtodowasturnthe“F”intoa“B”____12____(please)myparents.However,itdidn’tworkoutandfinallyIwascaughtdoingthat.ThenIknewIhadtoacceptthatfailureandlearnfromit,soI____13____(take)apositiveapproach.Naturallythat“F”turnedintoa“B”andthat“B”turnedintoan“A”.【答案】11.really12.toplease13.took【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者剛開始上學(xué)的時候，學(xué)習(xí)成績不佳，為了取悅父母，經(jīng)常偷偷把“F”改為“B”，被抓住后作者吸取教訓(xùn)，積極地學(xué)習(xí)，成績慢慢變好了。【11題詳解】考查副詞。句意：有時候我會得個“F”，這讓我很害怕。分析句子可知，空處修飾形容詞scared，因此應(yīng)用real的副詞形式really，意為“很，十分”。故填really。【12題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我過去常常把“F”變成“B”來取悅我的父母。分析句子可知，空處作目的狀語，表示“為了”，因此應(yīng)用please的不定式形式。故填toplease?！?3題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：然后我知道我必須接受失敗并從中吸取教訓(xùn)，所以我采取了積極的態(tài)度。分析句子可知，空處作句子的謂語，文章在敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，時態(tài)為一般過去時，因此應(yīng)用take的過去式。故填took。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Gatheracoupleoffriendsandtakealeisurelywalkthroughthestreets—thisis____14____manyyoungstersenjoydoingwhentheyvisitanewcity.Tothem,citywalkmeanswanderingaroundthecityonfoot.Participantscanfollowadistinctiveurbanroute,___15___(explore)thecityattheirownpace.paredwithfamous____16____(spot)andbigcrowds,theyprefertogainamoreinclusiveexperienceoftheplacestheyvisit.【答案】14.what15.exploring16.spots【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹許多年輕人喜歡結(jié)伴在城市街頭漫步，這種步行游覽方式讓他們能以自己的節(jié)奏探索城市，獲得更全面的游覽體驗，而不是去熱門景點擠人群?！?4題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：約上幾個朋友，在街上悠閑地散步——這是許多年輕人在訪問一個新城市時喜歡做的事情。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為表語從句。從句缺少賓語，指物，所以用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故填what?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：參與者可以沿著獨特的城市路線，以自己的節(jié)奏探索城市。句中已有謂語動詞，所以用非謂語動詞形式。邏輯主語Participants與explore之間為主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填exploring?！?6題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：與著名景點和擁擠的人群相比，他們更喜歡在他們參觀的地方獲得更全面的體驗。名詞spot為可數(shù)名詞，泛指許多景點，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填spots。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Technologyisconstantlyadvancing.____17____weimaginedityearsagocannotkeepupwithitspaceofdevelopment.Inthepast,autonomousvehicleswerejustapartofmovies,____18____thesetechnologiesarenowsuccessfullyingintobeing.Anautonomouscar,also____19____(know)asaselfdrivingcar,canperformallfunctionsrelatedtoeverydaydrivingandparking.Itisatechnologythatsensestheenvironmentand,uponenteringthedestination,____20____(find)itswaywithouthumanintervention.【答案】17.How18.but19.known20.finds【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了無人駕駛汽車技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展和功能的強大。【17題詳解】考查主語從句。句意：我們多年前的想象已經(jīng)跟不上它的發(fā)展步伐。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作主句的主語，從句中缺少方式狀語，因此應(yīng)用連接副詞how作引導(dǎo)詞，且空處位于句首，how的首字母需大寫。故填How?！?8題詳解】考查連詞。句意：在過去，無人駕駛汽車只是電影的一部分，但這些技術(shù)現(xiàn)在正在成功地成為現(xiàn)實。前面說明過去無人駕駛汽車仍屬于電影中的場景，還不是現(xiàn)實，后面說明現(xiàn)在這些技術(shù)已成為現(xiàn)實，因此前后語義構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，空處應(yīng)用意為“但是”的并列連詞but。故填but?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：無人駕駛汽車，也被稱為自動駕駛汽車，可以執(zhí)行日常駕駛和停車相關(guān)的所有功能。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空處作Anautonomouscar的非限制性后置定語，know和Anautonomouscar邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，且動作已完成，因此應(yīng)用know的過去分詞形式。故填known?！?0題詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：這是一種可以感知環(huán)境的技術(shù)，一旦進入目的地，就可以在沒有人為干預(yù)的情況下找到自己的路。分析句子可知，空處和senses并列，作that引導(dǎo)的定語從句的謂語，時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，find也應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填finds。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AAhearingaidisasmallelectronicdeviceyouwearinorbehindyoureartomakesoundslouder.Ahearingaidhasthreebasicparts:amicrophoneanamplifierandaspeaker.Thehearingaidreceivessoundthroughamicrophone,whichchangesthesoundwavestoelectricalsignalsandsendsthemtoanamplifier.Theamplifierincreasesthepowerofthesignalsandsendsthemtotheearthroughaspeaker.Therearethreestylesofhearingaids.·Behindtheear(BTE)aidsareusedbypeopleofallages.“Mini”BTEisanewkind.Thesesmallandopenfitaidsfitbehindtheearpletely,withanarrowtubeintotheearcanal,enablingthecanaltoremainopen.Thus,somepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoicedoesnotsound“pluggedup”.·Intheear(ITE)aidsfitpletelyinsidetheouterear.SomeITEaidsmayhaveaddedfeatures,suchasatelecoilthatallowsuserstoreceivesoundthroughthecircuitryofthehearingaid,ratherthanthroughitsmicrophone.?Canalaidsfitintotheearcanalandareavailableintwostyles.Inthecanal(ITC)aidsaremadetofitthesizeandshapeoftheearcanal.pletelyincanal(CIC)aidsarehiddenintheearcanal.Thehearingaidthatwillworkbestforyoudependsonyourhearingneedsandlifestyle.Priceisalsoakeyconsideration.However,justbecauseonehearingaidismoreexpensivethananotherdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwillbettersuityourneeds.Otherfeaturestoconsiderincludepartsorservicescoveredbytheguarantee,estimatedcostsforrepair,andthehearingaidpany’sreputationforqualityandservice.Formoreinformation,contact:nidcdinfo@.21.Whathelpsstrengthenthepowerofelectricalsignalsinahearingaid?A.Themicrophone. B.Theamplifier.C.Thespeaker. D.Thetelecoil.22.Ifpreferringahearingaidthatkeepstheearcanalopen,youcanchoose______.A.“Mini”BTE B.IntheearaidsC.Inthecanalaids D.pletelyincanalaids23.Tobuyasuitablehearingaid,youshould______.A.increaseyourestimatedcosts B.findtheonewithmorefeaturesC.giveintotheaftersaleservices D.consideryourneedsandlifestyle【答案】21.B22.A23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了助聽器的基本構(gòu)成和三種基本類型（BTE、ITE、Canalaids）以及適用人群、使用場景和價格等方面的信息。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thehearingaidreceivessoundthroughamicrophone,whichchangesthesoundwavestoelectricalsignalsandsendsthemtoanamplifier.Theamplifierincreasesthepowerofthesignalsandsendsthemtotheearthroughaspeaker.(助聽器通過麥克風(fēng)接收聲音，麥克風(fēng)將聲波轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號并將其發(fā)送到放大器。放大器增加信號的功率，并通過揚聲器將它們送到耳朵)”可知，放大器有助于增強助聽器內(nèi)電信號的強度。故選B項?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““Mini”BTEisanewkind.Thesesmallandopenfitaidsfitbehindtheearpletely,withanarrowtubeintotheearcanal,enablingthecanaltoremainopen.Thus,somepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoicedoesnotsound“pluggedup”.(“迷你”BTE是一種新型BTE。這些小而開放的輔助設(shè)備完全適合耳后，有一個狹窄的管進入耳道，使耳道保持開放。因此，有些人喜歡它，因為他們自己的聲音聽起來不“堵塞”)”可知，如果更喜歡保持耳道開放的助聽器，你可以選擇“Mini”BTE。故選A項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thehearingaidthatwillworkbestforyoudependsonyourhearingneedsandlifestyle.(最適合你的助聽器取決于你的聽力需求和生活方式)”可知，要購買合適的助聽器，你應(yīng)該考慮你的需求和生活方式。故選D項。BBrianPetersonhadjustmovedtoCalifornia.Outsidehisapartment,ahomelessmanwasoftenshoutingonthestreetcorner,sometimeskeepinghimawakeatnight.Petersonwouldpasstheguyonhiswaytowork,buttheyneverspoke.Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythehomelessman.Inspiredbythebook’spassionate(有同情心的)message,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.ThehomelessmanwasMattFaris.He’dmovedtoCaliforniatopursueacareerinmusic,butheendeduplivingonthestreet.“Itwasthestrangestthingtome,”Petersonrecalled.“Isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn’tshavedortakenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstoryinspiredme.”AndeventhoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,hadn’tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris’sportrait(肖像).Farissaidyes.ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anonprofitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.Petersonsellstheportraits,puttingtheineintowhathecallsa“l(fā)oveaccount”forhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoneytogetbackontheirfeet.ManyofPeterson’snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureimmediatenecessities—medicalcarehotelrooms,andfood.Farisusedthefundsfromhisportraittorecordanalbum(專輯),realizinghismusicaldreams.Anothersubject,Sondoval,whohadneverbeenabletofinanciallysupportherdaughter,usedthemoneytopayherdaughter’srent.SinceFacesofSantaAnawasestablished,Petersonhaspainted41ofalltheportraits.Butthere’smoretothefinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho’sdownandout.He’sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwisestereotyped(持固有觀念)oroverlooked.“Peopleoftentellme,‘Iwastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,’”Petersonsays.“Ididn’tknowthatwouldhappen.”24.HowdidPetersonfeelaboutthehomelessmanafterreadingthebook?A.Annoyed. B.Amazed. C.Concerned. D.Confused.25.AftertalkingwithFaris,Petersondecidedto______.A.payforhisrent B.recordanalbumC.gotoanartschool D.painthisportrait26.HowdidPetersonhelpthehomeless?A.Hefoundedanonprofitorganization. B.Heboughtimmediatenecessitiesforthem.C.Hedonatedmoneytorelatedorganizations. D.Hetaughtthemhowtorealizetheirdreams.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Prejudiceblocksdreams. B.Wealthcanmakepeoplewise.C.Sympathycanbreakstereotypes. D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了藝術(shù)家BrianPeterson如何通過肖像畫幫助無家可歸的人并改變他們的生活的感人故事?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythehomelessman.Inspiredbythebook’spassionate(有同情心的)message,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.(一天，Peterson正在讀《愛的力量》，這時他被一個流浪漢打擾了。受到書中富有同情心的信息的啟發(fā)，Peterson做了一個意想不到的決定：他要出去介紹自己)”可知，Peterson之前一直對流浪漢的存在感到困擾，而讀完這本書，他受到了書中同情心理念的影響，決定走出去向流浪漢介紹自己，并最終幫助了流浪漢。由此可知，當(dāng)Peterson讀完書后，他對流浪漢充滿擔(dān)憂。故選C。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Itwasthestrangestthingtome,”Petersonrecalled.“Isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn’tshavedortakenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstoryinspiredme.”AndeventhoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,hadn’tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris’sportrait(肖像).Farissaidyes(“這對我來說是最奇怪的事情，”Peterson回憶說。“我在一個大概一年都沒刮胡子、沒洗澡的男人臉上看到了美。但他的故事激勵了我。”盡管畢業(yè)于藝術(shù)學(xué)院的Peterson已經(jīng)有八年沒有畫過畫了，但他還是問能不能畫一下Faris的肖像。Faris答應(yīng)了)”可知，Peterson和Faris交流之后，決定為他畫一幅肖像畫。故選D。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anonprofitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.(這段經(jīng)歷促使Peterson成立了“FacesofSantaAna”，這是一個非營利組織，致力于幫助無家可歸的人，并為他們畫肖像)”可知，為了幫助無家可歸的人，Peterson成立了一個非營利組織。故選A?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“He’sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwisestereotyped(持固有觀念)oroverlooked.(他發(fā)現(xiàn)，買家傾向于與畫中人物的故事聯(lián)系起來，找到相似之處，往往與他們原本可能刻板印象或忽視的人建立友誼)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，通過畫肖像，Peterson幫助無家可歸的人打破了人們的固有觀念，讓他們感到被尊重和欣賞。由此推知，這所有的一切都是源于Peterson最初對流浪漢的同情心。故選C。C“WhenIstoppedinatourlocaltourismofficeinMontrealtoaskwheretheywouldremendvisitorstogotosmell,taste,andlistentothecity,Ijustreceivedblankstares.Theyonlyknowaboutthingstosee,notaboutthecity’sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmellmarks,”saysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,agrowingfieldoftenreferredtoas“sensoryurbanism”.Aroundtheworld,researcherslikeHowesareinvestigatinghownonvisualinformationdefinesthecharacterofacityandaffectsitslivability.Usingmethodsrangingfromlowtechsoundwalkstodatacollecting,wearables(clothingorglassesthatcontainputertechnology),andvirtualreality,they’refightingwhattheyseeasalimitingvisualpreferenceinurbanplanning.“Justbeingabletocloseyoureyesfor10minutesgivesyouatotallydifferentfeelingaboutaplace,”saysOguz?ner,anacademicandmusician.HehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinIstanbulwhereparticipantsdescribewhattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyescovered.Hisresearchhasidentifiedlocationswhereawaveorgancouldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtorealizepeoplecouldhardlyhear,evenalongthewaterfront.Althoughhisfindingshavenotbeenconsideredintolocalurbanplansyetthiskindofindividualfeedback(反饋)aboutthesensoryenvironmentisalreadybeingputtouseinBerlin,wherequietareasidentifiedbycitizensusingafreemobileapphavebeenincludedinthecity’slatestnoiseactionplan.Thebestwaytodeterminehowpeoplereacttodifferentsensoryenvironmentsisasubjectofsomedebatewithinthefield.Howesandhiscolleaguesareusingobservationandinterviewstodevelopasetofbestpracticesforgoodsensorydesigninpublicspaces.Otherresearchersaregoingmorehightech,usingwearablestotrackbiologicaldatalikeheartratevariabilitytorevealdifferentsensoryexperiences.Asdatacollectionaboutpeople’ssensoryexperiencesbeesmorewidespread,manyoftheseexpertswarnthatconcernsaboutprivacyandsurveillance(監(jiān)視)needtobetakenintoaccount.Issuesoffairnessandinclusionalsoeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiencesarefactoredintoplanning.“Sensoryawarenessisnotindependentorsimplybiological;whetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyandsocially,”saysMonicaDegen,anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.DegencitestheexampleofaLondonneighborhoodwhereinexpensiverestaurantsforlocalyouthwerereplacedbytrendycafes.“Itusedtosmelllikefriedchicken,”shesays,butnewerresidentsfoundthatsmellannoyingratherthanweling.“NowitsmellslikethepopularItaliancoffee,cappuccinos.”28.Theunderlinedphrase“blankstares”inParagraph1impliesthat______.A.MontrealislackinginvisualappealB.Montreal’snonvisualinformationisignoredC.thetourismofficersobjecttosensoryurbanismD.therearetoomanytouristattractionstoremend29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Manymethodsareusedtolimitthevisualpreference.B.Potentialconcernsaboutcollectingdatacanberelieved.C.Peoplemayfailtonoticesoundattractionseveninbetterlocations.D.Individualfeedbackrestrictsthedevelopmentofsensoryenvironment.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.People’sperceptionsoftheirsensorysurroundingsaresubjective.B.Sensoryurbanismneedstofocusondevelopingsensoryfacilities.C.Sensoryexperienceisdominantinshapingthecharacterofacity.D.Choicesofsensoryattractionsinurbanplanningdependontourists.【答案】28.B29.C30.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章通過介紹研究者們?nèi)绾慰紤]城市中的感官體驗來探討城市規(guī)劃中的一些新趨勢和挑戰(zhàn)。同時，文中也引用了多位專家的觀點和案例來支持作者的立論?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞組下文“Theyonlyknowaboutthingstosee,notaboutthecity’sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmellmarks,”saysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,agrowingfieldoftenreferredtoas“sensoryurbanism”.(“他們只知道看的東西，不知道城市的其他感官景點，它的聲音和氣味，”感官研究主任豪斯說。感官研究是一個不斷發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域，通常被稱為“感官城市主義”)”可知，很多人忽略了城市的其他感官景點，它的聲音和氣味，因此當(dāng)我在蒙特利爾當(dāng)?shù)氐穆糜无k公室停下來，詢問他們會推薦游客去哪里聞、嘗、聽這座城市的聲音時，我得到的只是茫然的目光。由此可知，劃線詞組blankstares是“茫然的目光”之意，意味著“蒙特利爾的非視覺信息被忽略了”。故選B項?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“HehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinIstanbulwhereparticipantsdescribewhattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyescovered.Hisresearchhasidentifiedlocationswhereawaveorgancouldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtorealizepeoplecouldhardlyhear,evenalongthewaterfront.(多年來，他一直在伊斯坦布爾組織“聲音漫步”活動，參與者蒙著眼睛描述他們在不同地點聽到的聲音。他的研究已經(jīng)確定了可以建造波浪風(fēng)琴的地點，以增強海浪的聲音，他驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使在海濱，人們也幾乎聽不到海浪的聲音)”可推知，即使在更好的地方，人們也可能不會注意到聲音的吸引力。故選C項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Issuesoffairnessandinclusionalsoeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiencesarefactoredintoplanning.“Sensoryawarenessisnotindependentorsimplybiological;whetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyandsocially,”saysMonicaDegen,anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.(公平性和包容性的問題也在決定誰的感官體驗被納入規(guī)劃時發(fā)揮了作用。“感官意識不是獨立的，也不是簡單的生物；我們是否覺得某件事令人愉快，是由文化和社會塑造的，”倫敦布魯內(nèi)爾大學(xué)(BrunelUniversityLondon)的城市文化社會學(xué)家莫妮卡·德根(MonicaDegen)說)”可推知，人們對感官環(huán)境的感知是主觀的。故選A項。DInthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardener’ssoncowpox(牛痘)andthendeliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox(天花)totesthisassumptionthatpeoplewhowerefrequentlyexposedtocowpox,asimilarbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatchingsmallpox.Itworkedandcowpoxasthevaccine(疫苗)washighlyeffective.“Vaccination”,fromtheLatinwordforcow,soonbecamemonplace.Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.ThingshavechangedalotsinceJenner’stime,ofcourse,whenitwasnotunmonfordoctorstoconductthiskindofresearch.Evenso,there’sthecontinuoussensethatthere’ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.Butthisshouldn’tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofchallengetrials.Theycouldbeeincreasinglyimportantweaponsinthemedicalresearch,inasituationwherevaccinetechnologyisadvancingandthethreatofdiseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.Muchhasbeendonetoreducetherisksofchallengetrials.Likerespiratorysyncytialvirus(RSV),researchershaveinvolvedadultswhoareatalowriskofsevereillness.Theseactshavealreadycutdownamassiverangeofvaccinecandidates.Withtheirhelp,theworldwillsoonhavethefirstvaccinesagainstRSV,whichkillstensofthousandsofnewbornbabieseachyear.Butnotalldiseasesareliketheseones.Wedon’talwaysknowthedangersvolunteersmightface;wedon’talwayshavetreatmentsready.Whatthen?Wecould,ofcourse,justavoidthesequestionsentirely,andrelyonothertypesofresearch.Butthatdoesn’talwayswork:sometimes,animaltestingistrickyanduninformative,becausethediseasedoesn‘tdevelopinthesamewayasitwouldinhumans.Incontrast,challengetrialscanbedeeplyinformativewithinweeks,withfarfewervolunteers.Andthebenefitscanbesurprisinglyhigh.Takethelatestpandemic.Attheendoflastyear,asthenumberofdeathsisestimatedtohavereachedabout17.8million,it’salsoestimatedthat20millionhadbeensavedbyvaccines.Intheyearstoe,theywillhopefullysavemillionsmore.Inordertomakesureweareasprotectedaspossiblefromcurrentandfuturethreats,weshouldtrytogetridofthemisbeliefinchallengetrials,makingthemamorefamiliarpartofourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardofallwouldbetomakesureparticipants’effortsareworthwhile:bydesigningtrialstobefairandeffectiveandapplyingthemwhenandwheretheymightmakearealdifference.Inshort,byhelpingthemtosavethousands,ifnotmillionsoflives.31.TheauthortellsthestoryofEdwardJennermainlyto______.A.giveadefinitionofchallengetrialsB.introducethetopicofchallengetrialsC.highlighttheeffectivenessofhisvaccineD.explaintheoriginoftheword“vaccination”32.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Theissuesbehindchallengetrialscanbesolved.B.Thedangersofchallengetrialsoutweighthebenefitstheybring.C.Challengetrialscanbenefitnumerouslivesinspiteoftheirrisks.D.Challengetrialscansetbackthedevelopmentofvaccinetechnologies.33.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Peopleshouldstillbecarefulaboutchallengetrials.B.Amoreopenattitudeshouldbetakentowardschallengetrials.C.Challengetrialsguaranteeparticipantsprotectionagainstthreats.D.Morevolunteersinvolvedcanimprovetheaccuracyofchallengetrials.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Shouldweusechallengetrialstofindcures?B.Canchallengetrialsbeablocktomedicalprogress?C.Canchallengetrialsbetheendofinfectiousdiseases?D.Shouldwereplaceanimaltestingwithchallengetrials?【答案】31.B32.C33.B34.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。它提供了關(guān)于醫(yī)學(xué)研究中挑戰(zhàn)試驗的信息，并闡述了挑戰(zhàn)試驗的優(yōu)勢和重要性。通過簡明扼要地介紹，以及使用有據(jù)可查的數(shù)據(jù)和案例，解釋挑戰(zhàn)試驗在醫(yī)學(xué)研究中的用途和潛在效益?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Inthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardener’ssoncowpox(牛痘)andthendeliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox(天花)totesthisassumptionthatpeoplewhowerefrequentlyexposedtocowpox,asimilarbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatchingsmallpox.(18世紀(jì)70年代，一位名叫愛德華·詹納(EdwardJenner)英國醫(yī)生讓他的園丁的兒子染上牛痘，然后故意讓他感染天花，以檢驗他的假設(shè)，即經(jīng)常接觸牛痘(一種類似但不那么嚴(yán)重的病毒)的人會避免感染天花)”以及第二段“Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.(挑戰(zhàn)試驗是一種研究形式，我們不是依靠自然感染的數(shù)據(jù)，而是故意讓某人接觸某種疾病，以測試疫苗或治療的有效性)”可知，作者講述愛德華·詹納的故事是為了介紹挑戰(zhàn)試驗的話題。故選B項?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Evenso,there’sthecontinuoussensethatthere’ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.(即便如此，人們?nèi)匀徽J(rèn)為故意讓別人生病是不道德的)”以及第三段“Butthisshouldn’tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofchallengetrials.Theycouldbeeincreasinglyimportantweaponsinthemedicalresearch,inasituationwherevaccinetechnologyisadvancingandthethreatofdiseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.(但這不應(yīng)該讓我們忽視挑戰(zhàn)試驗的非凡力量。在疫苗技術(shù)不斷進步、疾病從動物傳染給人類的威脅日益增加的情況下，它們可能成為醫(yī)學(xué)研究中越來越重要的武器)”可知，盡管有風(fēng)險，但挑戰(zhàn)試驗可以使許多生命受益。故選C項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inordertomakesureweareasprotectedaspossiblefromcurrentandfuturethreats,weshouldtrytogetridofthemisbeliefinchallengetrials,makingthemamorefamiliarpartofourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardofallwouldbetomakesureparticipants’effortsareworthwhile:bydesigningtrialstobefairandeffectiveandapplyingthemwhenandwheretheymightmakearealdifference.Inshort,byhelpingthemtosavethousands,ifnotmillionsoflives.(為了確保我們盡可能免受當(dāng)前和未來的威脅，我們應(yīng)該努力消除對挑戰(zhàn)試驗的誤解，使其成為我們工具箱中更為常見的一部分。也許最大的回報將是確保參與者的努力是值得的：通過設(shè)計公平、有效的試驗，并在可能產(chǎn)生真正差異的時間和地點應(yīng)用這些試驗。簡而言之，通過幫助他們拯救成千上萬，甚至數(shù)百萬人的生命)”可知，本文作者想告訴我們對挑戰(zhàn)試驗應(yīng)采取更開放的態(tài)度。故選B項?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.ThingshavechangedalotsinceJenner’stime,ofcourse,whenitwasnotunmonfordoctorstoconductthiskindofresearch.Evenso,there’sthecontinuoussensethatthere’ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.(挑戰(zhàn)試驗是一種研究形式，我們不是依靠自然感染的數(shù)據(jù)，而是故意讓某人接觸某種疾病，以測試疫苗或治療的有效性。當(dāng)然，與詹納的時代相比，情況發(fā)生了很大變化，當(dāng)時醫(yī)生進行這類研究并不罕見。即便如此，人們?nèi)匀徽J(rèn)為故意讓別人生病是不道德的)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文講述了盡管有風(fēng)險，但挑戰(zhàn)試驗可以使許多生命受益，并且目前已采取很多方法來降低這種風(fēng)險，呼吁人們對挑戰(zhàn)試驗應(yīng)采取更開放的態(tài)度。所以A項“Shouldweusechallengetrialstofindcures?”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選A項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Manyofussetgoals,butsometimeswefail