unit12 漢譯英中從句的使用

Unit12漢譯英中從句的使用~lecture12~漢譯英中從句的使用英語復(fù)合句由主句和從句構(gòu)成，從句包括形容詞從句（adjectiveclause）、名詞從句（nounclause）和副詞從句（adverbialclause）。從句的使用是提高漢英水平的突破口。再有，是否使用英語復(fù)合句來翻譯，主要取決于原文的內(nèi)在含義，而不是其外在形式。使用形容詞從句進行漢譯英是，最基本的用法是對應(yīng)漢語“……的”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如“母親給她買的生日禮物”（thebirthdaypresenthermotherboughther）,“我童年時代生活的小村莊”（thesmallvillagewhereIspentmychildhood）,“剛才和你說話的小女孩”（thegirlwhowastalkingwithyoujustnow）,“他徹夜難眠的原因”（thereasonwhyheliesawakeallnight但是，這種漢英大體對應(yīng)的情況只會出現(xiàn)于英語形容詞從句修飾名詞的時候。如果英語形容詞從句修飾代詞、短語或句子，漢語往往要換用其它結(jié)構(gòu)。E.g.Helaughsthebestwholaughsthelast(誰笑在最后，誰笑得最美)；Shesaidshewasinatrafficjam,whichwasquitepossible.(她說路上堵車了，這倒有可能);Hetriedtopersuadehiswife,whichwasinvain.(他試圖說服妻子，但徒勞無益)；

只有擺脫漢語形式的束縛，把握其各個部分含義的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，才能在譯文中充分發(fā)揮形容詞從句的表達力。形容詞從句1.對此我確實無能為力。1）Ihavenopowertochangeit.2).Icanreallydonothingaboutit.3）ThereisreallynothingIcandoaboutit.4)Itisreallybeyondmypowertodoanythingaboutthis.2.我們的忍耐是有限度的。Ourtoleranceisnotunlimited.Ourtolerationhasalimit.Thereisalimittowhatwewilltolerate.Thereisonlysomuchwewillputupwith.3她不喜歡他那樣盯著她看。Shedoesn’tlikehimtostareatherlikethat.Shedoesn’tlikethewayhestaresather.4.他滔滔不絕地將一些我根本不感興趣的話題。HekepttalkingaboutsubjectsinwhichIhadnottheslightestinterest.HerattledawayaboutthingsIhadnointerestinatall.Hetalkednonstopaboutthingsthatdidnotinterestmeintheleast.Talkonandonaboutsomething.5.我想換個工作單位，在那里可以一切從新開始。IwanttochangemyjobsothatIcanstarteverythinganew.IwanttofindanotherjobwhereIcanstartalloveragain.IwanttochangetoanotherworkunitwhereIcanmakeafreshstart.IwanttofindanewjobwhereIcanstartafresh.6.從第一次見到他，我就知道這個人不易相處。FromthefirsttimeIsetmyeyesonhim,Iknewhewasadifficultmantogetalongwith.FromthetimeIfirstsawhim,Iknewhewasnoteasytogetalongwith.FromthemomentIlaideyesonhim,Iknewhewasnotamanonecouldgetalongwitheasily.7.總有一天他要為其所作所為付出代價。Somedayhewillpaythepriceforwhathehasdone.Thedaywillcomewhenhehastoreapwhathehassown.8.人際關(guān)系復(fù)雜是我不喜歡在那兒工作的原因之一。ComplicatedinterpersonalrelationshipwasoneofthereasonsIdidn’tlikeworkingthere.OneofthereasonsIdislikedworkingtherewasthecomplicatedrelationshipamongthestaff.IntricateinterpersonalrelationshipwasoneofthethingsIdidn’tlikeaboutworkingthere.9.不管遇到什么樣的困難，我們都有信心戰(zhàn)勝它們。Whatever(adverbialclause)difficultieswemayencounter,wehave(the)confidencetoovercomethem.Wehave(the)confidencetoovercomealldifficultiesthatmayarise.Weareconfidenttosurmountalldifficultiesthatmaycomeourway.

10.飲食中如果不含有人體健康和成長所需的營養(yǎng)成分，就會導(dǎo)致營養(yǎng)不良。Ifadietdoesnotcontainenoughnutrientsneededforhumanhealthandgrowth,malnutritionwillresult.Whenadietdoesnotcontainthenourishmentthebodyneedsforhealthandgrowth,itwillleadtomalnutrition.Anydietthatfailstoprovidenutrientsneededforhealthandgrowthcanleadtomalnutrition.11.他連著三天上班遲到，結(jié)果丟了工作。Hewaslateforworkforthreesuccessivedays,sohelosthisjob.Hegotfiredafterbeinglateforworkforthreedaysrunning.Hewaslateforworkthreedaysinarow,whichfinallycosthimhisjob.

12.不管父母怎么說，她依舊我行我素.Shekeptdoingthingsherwaynomatterwhatherparentssaid.Forallthatherparentssaid,shecarriedonjustlikebefore.Nothingherparentssaidcouldmakeherchangeherways.13.他竟然這樣恩將仇報，我們對此感到震驚。Weareshockedthatheshouldrepaykindnesswithsuchingratitude.Wearedismayedatthewayhereturnedevilforgood.14.他在上層有一些關(guān)系，正因為如此才官運亨通。Hehassomeupper-levelconnections,whichaccountsforhisrapidpromotion.Hehassomehigh-levelconnections,whichiswhyhehasbeenreceivingsuchrapidpromotions.Itishishigh-levelconnectionsthathaveenabledhimtoenjoyasuccessfulofficialcareer.Thankstohishigh-levelconnections,hehasenjoyedrapidadvancementinhiscareer.15.對于那些溺愛孩子，對孩子百依百順的家長，她頗不以為然。Sheisverycriticalofparentswhospoiltheirchildrenbysatisfyingtheireverywhim.Shedisapprovesofthepracticeofthoseparentswhopampertheirchildrenandcomplywithalltheirwhims.副詞從句副詞從句在整個句子中起狀語作用，一般劃分為九種：時間、地點、方式、比較、原因、結(jié)果、目的、讓步和條件。每種從句都有相應(yīng)的引導(dǎo)連詞，這些連詞可以是單字或者詞組。在很多情況下，從漢語復(fù)句中使用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，很容易找出對應(yīng)得英語關(guān)聯(lián)詞，已構(gòu)成副詞從句。e.g.只要他一進屋，她就不說話了。Shefellsilentwheneverhecameintotheroom.你一旦了解它們的處境，就會改變看法。Onceyouknowtheirplight,youwillchangeyouropinion.但漢英在表達形式上有差別。孩子們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該做作業(yè)，卻在玩兒電子游戲。Thechildrenareplayingvideogameswhentheyshouldbedoingtheirhomework.1.在我最需要你的時候，卻哪兒都找不到你。WhenIneededyouthemost,Icouldnotfindyouanywhere.YouarenowheretobefoundwhenIneedyoumost.2.我覺得最好別當(dāng)老板心情惡劣時向他要求加薪。Ithinkyou’dbetternotaskthebossforapayrisewhenheisinabadmood.Idon’tthinkyoushouldaskthebossforapayincreasewhenheisinabadmood.Idon’tthinkitagoodideatoaskthebossforaraisewhenheisinasulkymood.3.萬事開頭難。Everythingisdifficultat(in)thebeginning.Thebeginningisthemostdifficultpartofanywork.Allthingsaredifficultbeforepartofanywork.4.茍富貴，勿相忘。Ifanyofusgetsrichandpowerfulsomeday,hemustnotforgetabouttheothers.Ifanyofusshouldattainwealthandrank(status)someday,hemustnotforgetaboutothers.5.父母越是貧困，孩子越是難以得到良好教育，這使整個家庭陷入惡性循環(huán)。Thepoorerparentsare,theharderitisfortheirchildrentogetagoodeducation,andthusthefamilyistrappedinaviciouscircle.Thepoorerparentsare,theharderitisfortheirchildrentogetagoodeducation,which

trapsthefamilyinaviciouscircle.6.他假裝什么事情都沒有發(fā)生。Hepretendedthatnothinghadhappened.Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.7.這對新人朗才女貌，真稱得上是天作之合。Itcantrulybesaidofthenewlywedsthattheirmarriageismadeinheaven,forheisastalentedassheisfair.Withherlooksandhisbrains,thisnewlymarriedcouplemakeaperfectmatch.8.是否真的像許多人認(rèn)為的那樣，婚姻是愛情的墳?zāi)梗縄smarriagereallythetomboflove,asmanypeoplethink?Ismarriagereallytheendofromance,asmanypeoplethink?Doesmarriagereallymeananendofromance,asmanybelieve?Doesmarriagereallyputanendtoromanticlove,asmanyassume?Ismarriagereallythedeathknellofromance,asmanypresume?9.旅行比我們原先預(yù)計的多用了三天時間。Thejourneytookthreedayslongerthanwehadexpected.Thetriptookthreemoredaysthanwehadexpected.10.有些東西往往要等失去之后人們才知道珍惜。

Peopleoftenfailtoappreciatewhattheyhaveuntiltheyloseit.名詞從句名詞從句是在整個句子中起名詞作用的從句，它能夠當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。要在漢譯英過程中使用名詞從句，在有些情況下比較容易，因為我們從漢語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中明顯看出哪個部分可譯為英語的名詞從句。e.g.1.他說的什么我一點都不明白。Whathesaidmadenosensetomeatall.2.我認(rèn)為這個方案在經(jīng)濟上行不通。Ithinkthisplanisfinanciallyunfeasible.3.這是她起初和我們接觸的原因。Thisiswhyshegotintouchwithusinthefirstplace然而有些時候，我們無法用簡單的對應(yīng)方式來譯，而需要擺脫漢語形式的束縛，使用名詞從句給出一種甚至多種通順的譯法。4.這是你研究五年得出的結(jié)果？Isthistheresultofyourfive-yearresearch?Isthiswhatyouhavecomeupwithafterfiveyearsofresearch?5.想到他可能回來，她感到了一線希望。Thinkinghemightcomeback,shefeltaglimmerofhope.Thethoughtthathemightcomebackgaveheraglimmerofhope.句子翻譯練習(xí)1.我不知道你干嗎為這件小事生這么大的氣。Idon’tunderstandwhyyoushouldgetsoangryatsomethingsotrivial.Ihavenoideawhyyougotsoangryaboutsuchasmallmatter.Itbafflesmewhyyouhittheroofbecauseofsuchatriflingmatter/suchatrifle.

2.你知道你的錯誤給公司造成多大的損失嗎？Doyouknowhowmuchlossyourmistakehadbroughtthecompany?Doyouhaveanyideahowmuchyourmistakehascostthecompany?Doyourealizewhatheavylossesthecompanysufferedbecauseofyourmistake?3．如今孩子們心目中的超級英雄往往令其父母不敢恭維。1)Nowadaysthesuperheroesinchildren’seyesareoftenregardedwithdisapprovalbytheirparents.2)Nowadayswhatthechildrenregardassuperheroesareoftenlookeduponwithdistastebytheirparents.3)Today’sparentsusuallyhavealowopinionofwhattheirchildrenregardassuperheroes.4．前言中概括論述了讀者需要預(yù)先掌握什么知識才能透徹理解本書所探討的課題。1)Theintroductionoutlineswhatpriorknowledgeisrequiredofthereaderforathoroughunderstandingofthetopicstreatedinthebook.2)Theintroductionoutlinestheknowledgethereaderneedinadvanceinordertothoroughlyunderstandthetopicsdiscussedinthisbook.5.你必須認(rèn)識到，你犯的一個小錯誤就可能使公司失去一個重要客戶。1)Youmustrealizethatourcompanycouldeasilyloseanimportantcustomerthroughasmallmistakeofyours.2)Youmustunderstandthatasmallmistakeonyourpartcouldcausethecompanytoloseanimportantclient.6．若需要任何物品進行公關(guān)活動，請?zhí)顚戇@張表格，向部門主管提出申請。1)Ifanythingisneededforapublicrelationscampaign,pleaseapplytotheheadofyourdepartmentbyfillingoutthisform.2)Whateveryouneedforpublicrelationspurposes,pleasefilloutthisformandsubmitittothesupervisorofyourdepartment.3)ToapplyforwhateveritemsareneededforaPRexercise,pleasefilloutthisformandsubmitittothedepartmentchief.7．他們來不來我根本無所謂。1)Icouldn’tcarelesswhethertheycome.2)Whethertheycamemakesnodifferencetome.3)Itmakesnodifferencetomewhethertheycome.8．這些研究表明，一個人是否曾得到父母經(jīng)常性的夸獎對其生活有著重要的影響。1)Thesestudiesindicatethateveryperson’slifeislargelyshapedbywhetherheorshereceivedparentalpraise.2)Thesestudiesleavenodoubtthatwhetheronereceivedfrequentparentalpraisehasagreatinfluenceonone’slife.3)Asshownbythesestudies,aperson’slifeisdeeplyaffectedbywhetherheorsheoftenreceivedparentalpraise.9.你可以按照最適合你的方式，選擇用現(xiàn)金，支票或者信用卡支付。1)Youcanchoosetopayinthewaywhichismostsuitableforyou----incash,bycheckorcreditcard.2)Youcanpayincash,bycheckorcreditcard----whicheversuitsyoubest.

10.雖然沒有人說話，但大家心照不宣：這件事只有打官司解決。1)Noonesaidanything,butitwasunderstoodthattheyhadtotakelegalactiontoresolvethematter.2)Thoughnoonesaidanything,thetacitunderstandingwasthattheywouldhavetogotocourtoverthematter.11.家長滿足孩子的一切要求，實際上就是在毀滅他們的前程。Parentsareactuallyruiningtheirchildren’sfuturebygivingthemwhatevertheywant.Bygrantingtheireverywish,parentsareactuallyruiningtheirchildren’sfuture.12.她連續(xù)三次被提名為年度最佳女歌手并非偶然。ItisnotbychancethatshehasbeennominatedasBestFemaleSingeroftheYearthreetimesrunning.ItisnotaccidentalthatshehasbeennominatedforBestFemaleSingeroftheYearthreetimesinsuccession/inarow.13.他得到那份工作的可能性不大。Itdoesn’tseemlikelythathewillgetthejob.Hedoesnotseemtostandmuchofachanceofgettingthatjob.Thereseemstobelittlelikelihoodthathewillgetthejob.Theoddsarethathewon’tgetthejob.Thereseemstobeheavyoddsagainsthisgettingthejob.Chancesarethathewon’tgetthejob.14.諸如抽煙或者酗酒這樣的壞習(xí)慣是否導(dǎo)致戀愛或婚姻破裂，在很大程度上要取決于此人是何時養(yǎng)成這個習(xí)慣的。Whetherbadhabitssuchassmokingoralcoholismwillleadtothebreak-upofaromanticormaritalrelationshipdependsmainlyonwhenthepersonfirstgetsintothosehabits.Whetherornotabadhabitsuchassmokingorexcessivedrinkingwilldisruptaromanceormarriageislargelydeterminedbywhenoneofthepartnersfirstacquiresthathabit.15.孩子看上什么家長就會給買什么。Parentswillbuywhatevercatchestheirchildren’sfancy.Whateverchildrentakea