斷層解剖學(xué)課件

ThetransversesectionofcraniumandMRI

ThebasicknowledgeofcranialanatomyThebrainTelencephalonDiencephalonCerebellumBrainstem

Thebrainstem

Consistsof

MidbrainPonsMedullaoblongataMedullaoblongataVentralsurfacePyramid:containcorticospinaltractDecussationofpyramid:formedbycrossingfibersofcorticospinaltractOlive:producedbyunderlyinginf.olivarynucleusAnterolateralsulcus:rootletsofhypoglossalN.Retroolivarysulcus:rootletsof

glossopharyngealN.vagusN.accessoryN.MedullaoblongataDorsalsurfaceGraciletubercle:

producedbyunderlying

gracilenucleusCuneatetubercle:marksthesiteof

cuneatenucleusInf.cerebellarpeduncleObexPonsVentralsurfaceBasilarpartBasilarsulcusBulbopontinesulcus:AbducentN.facialN.

vestibulocochlearN.

MiddlecerebellarpeduncleTrigeminalN.Pontocerebellartrigone:thejunctionofmedulla,ponsandcerebellumPonsDorsalsurfaceSup.cerebellarpeduncleSup.medullaryvelumTrochlearN.

MidbrainVentralsurfaceCruscerebriInterpeduncularfossaOculomotorN.emergefrommedialofcruscerebriPos.perforatedsubstance

MidbrainDorsalsurfaceSup.colliculusvisualreflexesInf.colliculusassociatedwithauditorypathwayBrachiumofsup.colliculiBrachiumofinf.colliculiThecharactersofinternal

structureofbrainstemMedullaoblongata

Lowerpart(closedpart):Twodecussations

DecussationsofpyramidDecussationsofmediallemniscusMedullaoblongata

Upperpart(openpart)

Appearance:inf.olivarynuculeusinf.cerebellarpeduncleEnlargementofcentralcanaltoform

the4thventriclefloorPons

Tegmentumofpons

directedupwardcontinuationofmedullaoblongataBasilarpart

containbothlongitudinalandtransversefibersintermixedwithpontinenucleiMidbrainRectumofmidbrain:includessup.andinf.colliculiCerebralpeduncleTegmentum:

containascendingtracts,centralgraymatter,recticularformationandsoon

SubstentianigraCruscerebri:Pyramidaltract－middle3/5ofthecrus:Frontopontinetractmedialmedial1/5:

pariatotempopontinetractlateral1/5ThebasilarisofbrainThebasilarisofbrainspecimenThebasilarisofbrainspecimenThetransversesectionthroughopticchiasmaThetransversescanofMRIthroughopticchiasmathevisualpathwayThelateralviewofbrainThelateralviewofbrainThelateralviewofbrainspecimenThesuperiorviewofbrainspecimenThesuperiorviewofbrainspecimenThesuperiorviewofduramateThemedialsurficeofcerebralhemispherethecerebralfalxandtentoriumofcerebellumtheventricularsystemThecranialsinusesandcisternTheinternalsurfaceofbaseofskullThecranialN.ofbaseofskullthecoronalsectionthroughposteriorcranialfossaThecranialnervesThethansverssectionofcranium

ThetransversesectionthroughsuperioragittalsinusThetransversesectionthroughsup.partofparacentralgyrusThetransversesectionthroughsup.extremityofparietooccipitalsulcusThetransversesectionthroughinf.partofparacentralgyrus

ThetransversesectionthroughsemiovalcenterThetransversesectionthroughtopoflateralcerebralventricleThetransversesectionthroughcentralregionofinternalcapsuleThetransversesectionthroughanteriorcommissure

ThetransversesectionthroughmammillarybodyThetransversesectionthroughopticchiasmaThetransversesectionthroughmiddlecerebellarpedunclThetransversesectionthroughbulbopontinesulcusThetransversesectionthroughjugulartubercleThetransversesectionthroughhypoglossalcanalThetransversesectionthroughinf.borderofforamenmagnumThethansversscanof

craniumby

MR1.5T.T1

Thethansversscanof

craniumbyMR1.5T.T2

Thethansversscanof

craniumbyMR3.0T.

T2

大腦半球內(nèi)面觀ThemedialsurficeofcerebralhemisphereThesagittalsectionthroughmedianofcerebralspecimen(leftview)Thesagittalsectionthroughmedianofcerebralspecimen(leftview)Thesagittalsectionthroughmedianofcerebrum(rightview)Thesagittalsectionthroughmedianofcerebrum(leftview)Thesagittalsectionthroughgenuofinternalcapsule(leftview)

Thesagittalsectionthroughglobuspallidus(leftview)Thesagittalsectionthroughhippocampus(leftview)Thesagittalsectionthroughinsula(leftview)Thesagittalsectionthroughstyloidprocess(leftview)Thesagittalsectionthroughangleofmandible(leftview)Thesagittalsectionthroughheadofmandible(leftview)Thesagittalsectionthroughtemporalis(leftview)The

coronal

sectionthroughfrontalcrestThe

coronal

sectionthroughcristagalliThe

coronal

sectionthroughpos.poleofeyeballThe

coronal

sectionthroughgenuofcorpuscallosumThe

coronal

sectionthroughopticchiasmaThe

coronal

sectionthroughinternalcapsuleThe

coronal

sectionthroughsubstantianigraThe

coronal

sectionthroughmiddlecerebellarpeduncleThe

coronal

sectionthroughspleniumofcorpuscallosumThe

coronal

sectionthroughpos.hornoflateralventricleThe

coronal

sectionthroughcrytocalcarinegyriThe

coronal

sectionthroughconfluenceofsinusThe

coronal

sectionthroughpos.occipitalarea

Thecharacteristicofcerebralvessels1.thecomposition:internalcarotida.s.vertebrala.s.2.thebothsystemsformanastomosis

(Williscircle)；3.Thetwoarterysystemsentercranialcavitybyflexedjourney；4.thewallofcerebralarteriesisverythin,sobreakeandbleedingisveryeasy；arteriaesystematicaccerebralarteries5.thecerebralarteriescanbedividedinto:

cortexbranchescerebralcortex

centralbranches（basalnucleus,internal

capsule,diencephalon）；cortexbranchescentralbranches6.thebothsystemshaven,t

anastomosiseachother；

forexample

:bloodvesselsblock7.thecerebralarteriesdonotaccompaniedbyveins；8.thecerebralveinsandcranialsinusesarenovenousvalve；9.thebothofcerebralbloodcapillaryandneuronhavebloodbrainbarrier；10.Themutationofcerebralarteriesisverycommon，

especiallyinWillis’

circle。thearterysystemeofbrain

internalcarotidA.S.vertebral-basilarA.S.Toaccordingtotentoriumofcerebellum:thestructuresofsupratentoriumacceptbloodfrominternalcarotidA.S.andposteriorcerebralartery;thestructuresofinfratentoriumacceptbloodfrom

vertebral-basilarA.S.

internalcarotidA.S.

Toaccordingtothejourney,internalcarotidA.canbedividedinto1.cervicalsegment2.encranialsegment：

C5,carotidcanalsegment；

C4,cavernoussegment；

C3,kneesegment；

C2,chiasmaticcisternsegment；

C1,endsegment

Brainangiography:

anterior

view，like“T”,formedbyM1+A1+C1posteriorview，like“C”，formedbyC2+C3+C4themainbranchesofinternalcarotidartery1.ophthalmicA.2.posteriorcommunicatingA.

3.ant.choroidalA.:

cortexbranches：hippocampusanduncus；

centralbranches：posteriorlimbofinternalcapsuleandglobuspallidus。

it,scharacteristicisslender，totakeplace

embolismeasily。4.anteriorcerebrala.

(1)Toaccordingtothejourney,anteriorcerebrala.

canbedividedinto:

A1

horizontalsegment；

A2

ascendingsegment；

A3knee-segment；

A4pericallosalsegment

；

A5end-segment

。（2）branchesanddistributioncorticalbranches：medialfrontobasala.

posteromedialfrontala.pericallosala.

paracentrala.precuneala.

before

partofparietooccipitalsulcus,

hemisphericmedialface。centralbranches（mediallenticulostriateartery）

include：

A.recurrentbranches（Heubner

artery）:putamen、headofcaudatenucleus、internalcapsule；

B.basalbranches：opticchiasma、hypothalamus。（3）5.middlecerebrala.

（1）

thejourneyandsegments

M1

horizontalsegment；

M2insula–segment,

like“U”；

M3

lateralsulcus-

segmentM4

bifurcatesegment

M5end-segment(2)branchesanddistributioncorticalbranches：

arteriaefrontobasalislateralisarteryofprecentralsulcusarteryofcentralsulcus

arteryofpostcentralsulcus

posteriorparietala.temporalpolara.

arteriaetemporalisanterior；middletemporala.

arteriaetemporalisposterior；arteryofangulargyrus。

surfaceofsuperolateralcerebralhemisphereandinsula。Centralbranches（laterallenticulostriatea.）：mostofpartoftheinternalcapsuleandstriatum

。

sothisarteriesisbrokenandbleedingeasily。Itisnamedbleedingarteries!!!（3）vertebral-basilarA.S.vertebralartery1.

thejourneyandsegments

V1

transverseforamen-segment

V2

horizontalsegment

V3atlas-segment

V4

foramenmagnum-segment

V5

Intracalvarium-segment2.ThemainbranchesofIntracranialsegment:

meningealbranches；anteriorspinalartery；medullaoblongatabranches；pos.inf.cerebellara.：

it,scharacteristicisslender，totakeplace

Infarct

easily。basilara.

mainbranches：ant.Inf.cerebellara.labyrinthinea.pontinearteriessuperiorcerebellara.posteriorcerebrala.

1.

thejourneyandsegments

P1

horizontalsegment；

P2

microtubulesegment；

P3

temporalbranches；

P4

parietooccipitala./calcarinea.。2.mainbranches：

corticalbranches：

inferiortemporala.(ant./mid./pos)calcarinea.

parietooccipitala.

afterpartofparietooccipitalsulcus,

hemisphericmedialface。

centralbranches：：brainstem、dorsalthalamus、hypothalamus、lateralgeniculatebody。

3.

Willis’circleThecompositionandpositionTheTypesandmutationofWillis’circle

inChineseinmoderntimesformprimitiveformtransitionformmixingformagenesisformthecerebralveinsCanbedividedintotwogroups:

superficialgroup

deepgroup

thesuperficialcerebralveinsThesuperiorcerebralveins

：8～12strip，collectingbloodfromsurfaceofsuperolateralcerebralhemispheretosuperiorsagittalsinus。Thesuperficialmiddlecerebralveins

：

collectingbloodfromsurfaceofsuperolateralcerebralhemispheretosuperiorsagittalsinus/transversesinus/cavernoussinus

。theinferiorcerebralvein

：

1～7strip，collectingbloodfromsurfaceoflateralcerebralhemisphereorhemisphericinferiorface

tosuperiorsagittalsinus/transversesinus/cavernoussinus

。

thedeepcerebralveinsThegreatcerebralv.（Galenveins）：Toformedbyleftandrightinternalcerebralveins,tocollectbloodtostraightsinus。Theinternalcerebralveins：

leftandrightinternalcerebralveins。Thebasalvein（Rosenthalveins

）：Toformedbyleftandrightanteriorcerebralveins/deepmiddlecerebralvein,tocollectbloodtoThegreatcerebralv.Rosenthal’circleThevenabasaliscircle

（Rosenthalcircle

）：toformedbyanterior

communicatingveinsL.,R.anteriorcerebralveins，

L.,R.peduncularveins，L.,R.basalveins。WilliscircleandRosenthalcircle

illwithvasculartumorverycomman。Sup.Inf.Ant.Mid.Pos.SternalangleManubriumsternidiaphragmSympathetictrunkAzygosV.VagusN.esophagusdiaphragmSup.venacavaR.P.A.R.P.V.pericardiumR.PrincipalbronchusVagusN.L.P.V.pericardiumL.PrincipalbronchusdiaphragmL.P.A.PhrenicN.thymusAorticarchL.SubclavianA.ThoracicaortaManubriumsterniSup.venacavapericardiumR.auricleL.auricleAscendingaortaAorticarchR.ventricleL.ventricleR….L.brachiocephalicV.Sup.venacavapericardiumAscendingaortaR.ventricleL.ventricleR.auriclePulmonarytrunkL.SubclavianA.L.C.carotidA.BrachiocephalictrunkaorticopulmonarywindowCoronarysinusSmallcardiacV.MiddlecardiacV.greatcardiacV.L.atriumPos.viewofheartaorticopulmonarywindowTransverssinus…..Obliquesinus….Thetransverssection

ofmediastinumTransversesectionthroughvenousanglesEAAATRBVLBVTransversesectionthroughsup.partsternoclavicularjointELBVAAATRBVTransversesectionthroughinf.partsternoclavicularjointEAAATLBVRBVTransversesectionthrough1th.SternocostalsynochodrosisEAAATLBVRBVTransversesectionthroughsup.partofaorticarchERBVAAATLBVTransversesectionthroughaorticarchESVCAATTransversesectionthroughaorticopulmonarywindowEAVSVCaaTATTransversesectionthroughL.pulmonaryA.LPBESVCaaLPATAAVRPBTransversesectionthroughR.pulmonaryA.ESVCaaLPARPATARPBLPBPTTransversesectionthroughL.auricleESVCaaRPATARPBLPBPTTransversesectionthroughR.sup.pulmonaryV.EVVARVLASVCaaRPARPBTransversesectionthroughR.inf.pulmonaryV.ETARVLAaaTransversesectionthroughaorticorificeERVLARAAOTATransversesectionthroughfossaovalisERVLVLARATATransversesectionthrough8ththoracicvertebraERVLVLARATATransversesectionthroughcoronarysinusEIVCRVLVTATransversesectionthroughsup.partof9ththoracicvertebraEIVCRVLVTATransversesectionthroughcardiacapexEIVCRVTATransversesectionthroughsecondportahepatisEIVCRVTAThetransversescanofmediastinumbyCTmediastinalwindow1.thetransversesectionthroughrightfornixofdiaphragmrightventricleandatrium,pericardium,inferiorvenacava,esophagus,azygosv.,thoracicaorta,2.ThroughthesecondportahepatisT10

diaphragm,rightventricle,fundusofstomach,azygosv.,rightandleftlobeofliver,Superiorlayerofcoronarylig.3.Throughesophagealhiatuspericardium,azygosv.,thoracicaorta,rightanterior(orposterior)lobeofliver,falciformligamentofliver,left,rightandmiddlehepaticv.fissureforligamentumvenosum4.costomediastinalrecess,inferiorvenacava,esophagus,azygosv.,thoracicaorta,falciformligamentofliver,left,rightandmiddlehepaticv.,caudatelobeofliver,fissureforligamentumvenosum4.Throughthecardiaofstomach5.inferiorvenacava,cardia,hemiazygosv.,thoracicaorta,rightandlefthepaticportalv.,fissureforligamentumvenosum,left,rightandmiddlehepaticv.,caudatelobeofliver,spleen5.ThroughangularpartoflefthepaticPortalv.6.diaphragm,fundusofstomach,inferiorvenacava,cardia,hemiazygosv.,thoracicaorta,rightandlefthepaticportalv.,falciformligamentofliver,fissureforligamentumtereshepatis,left,rightandmiddlehepaticv.,caudatelobeofliver,spleen6.ThroughsagittalpartoflefthepaticPortalv.Thisisaimportantsection,whichmeanstheappearanceoftheportalhepaticv.1.肝左外葉leftlaterallobeofliver2.胃體bodyofstomach3.大網(wǎng)膜greateromentum4.肝尾狀葉caudatelobeofliver5.胸主動脈thoracica.6.脾spleen7.肝右后葉rightposteriorlobeofliver8.肝右靜脈righthepaticv.9.下腔靜脈inferiorvenacava10.肝右前葉rightanteriorlobeofliver11.肝門靜脈左支橫部transversepartoflefthepaticportalv.12.肝圓韌帶裂fissureforligamentumtereshepatis7.bodyofstomach,inferiorvenacava,thoracicaorta,rightandlefthepaticportalv.,falciformligamentofliver,fissureforligamentumtereshepatis,rightandmiddlehepaticv.,caudatelobeofliver,rightandlefthepaticduct,hepatogastriclig.7.Throughtherighthepaticportalv.1.肝圓韌帶

ligamentumtereshepatis2.胃體

bodyofstomach3.大網(wǎng)膜

greateromentum4.肝尾狀葉

caudatelobeofliver5.胸主動脈

thoracica.6.脾

spleen7.肝右后葉

rightposteriorlobeofliver8.下腔靜脈

inferiorvenacava9.肝門靜脈右后支

posteriorbranchofrighthepaticportalvein10.肝右靜脈

righthepaticv.11.肝門靜脈

hepaticportalv.12.膽囊

gallbladder13.肝左內(nèi)葉

leftmediallobeofliver8.inferiorvenacava,thoracicaorta,hepaticportalv.,righthepaticv.,falciformligamentofliver,ligamentumtereshepatis,caudatelobeofliver,commonhepaticduct,properhepatica.omentalbursalesserandgreateromentum,gallbladder,leftandrightsuprarenalgland8.Throughupperpartoffossaforgladder1.胃體

bodyofstomach2.大網(wǎng)膜

greateromentum3.肝門靜脈

hepaticportalv.4.胰體

bodyofpancreas5.腹主動脈

abdominala.6.脾靜脈

splenicv.7.左腎

leftkidney8.脾

spleen9.肝右后葉

rightposteriorlobeofliver10.右腎上腺rightsuprarenalgland11.下腔靜脈

inferiorvenacava12.肝尾狀葉

caudatelobeofliver13.膽囊管

cysticduct14.肝總管

commonhepaticduct15.膽囊

gallbladder16.肝左內(nèi)葉

leftmediallobeofliver9.Throughceliactrunk9.abdominalaorta,hepaticportalv.,ligamentumtereshepatis,commonhepaticduct,properhepatica.,lesserandgreateromentum,pancreas,leftandrightsuprarenalgland,kidney,omentalforamen(bursa),hepatogastriclig.andhepatoduodenallig.1.胃體

bodyofstomach2.大網(wǎng)膜

greateromentum3.胰體

bodyofpancreas4.肝門靜脈

hepaticportalv.5.腸系膜上動脈

superiormesenterica.6.腹主動脈

abdominala.7.左腎

leftkidney8.脾

spleen9.肝右后葉

rightposteriorlobeofliver10.肝門靜脈右后下支

rightposteroinferiorbranchofhepaticportalvein11.下腔靜脈

inferiorvenacava12.膽囊管

cysticduct.13.肝總管

commonhepaticduct14.膽囊

gallbladder10.bodyandpyloricpartofstomach,pyloricsphincterandsuperiorpartofduodenum,omentalbursa,superiormesenterica.,pancreas,hepaticportalv.,commonhepaticductandcysticduct,gastroduodenala.,lesserandgreateromentum,10.Throughpylorus1.胃體

bodyofstomach2.大網(wǎng)膜

greateromentum3.胰體

bodyofpancreas4.肝門靜脈

hepaticportalv.5.腹主動脈

abdominala.6.胰尾

tailofpancreas7.脾

spleen8.左腎

leftkidney9.肝右后葉

rightposteriorlobeofliver10.右腎

rightkidney11.下腔靜脈

inferiorvenacava12.小網(wǎng)膜

lesseromentum13.肝總管

commonhepaticduct14.

胃幽門部pyloricpartofstomach15.肝固有動脈properhepatica.16.

膽囊

gallbladder11.Throughtheoriginofhepaticportalv.11.bodyandpyloricpartofstomach,omentalbursa,descendingpartofduodenum,superiormesenterica.,hepaticportalv.,splenicv.,superiormesentericv.,ligamentumtereshepatis,commonbileduct,leftrenalv.,greateromentum1.胃體

bodyofstomach2.胰頸

neckofpancreas3.橫結(jié)腸

transversecolon4.腸系膜上動脈

superiormesenterica.5.十二指腸空腸曲

duodenojejunalflexure6.腹主動脈

abdominala.7.左腎

leftkidney8.脾

spleen9.腰方肌

quadratuslumborum10.豎脊肌

erectorspinae11.右腎

rightkidney12.肝右后葉

rightposteriorlobeofliver13.下腔靜脈

inferiorvenacava14.

十二指腸降部descendingpartofduodenum15.膽總管commonbileduct16.

腸系膜上靜脈

superiormesentericv.17.胃幽門部

pyloricpartofstomach12.Throughtheupperpartofsecondlumbervertebrae12.bodyandpyloricpartofstomach,omentalbursa,descendingpartofduodenum,leftcolicflexure,inferiorvenacava,abdominalaorta,pancreas,spleen,superiormesentericv.anda.,greateromentum,commonbileduct,leftrenalv.,kidney,1.橫結(jié)腸

transversecolon2.腸系膜上動脈

superiormesenterica.3.左腎靜脈

leftrenalv4.左腎動脈

leftrenala.5.腹主動脈

abdominala.6.左腎

leftkidney7.豎脊肌

erectorspinae8.腰大肌

psoasmajor9.右腎

rightkidney10.肝右后葉

rightposteriorlobeofliver11.右腎靜脈

rightrenalv12.十二指腸降部

descendingpartofduodenum13.胰頭

headofpancreas14.膽總管

commonbileduct15.腸系膜上靜脈

superiormesentericv.13.Throughduodenojejunalflexure13.descendingpartofduodenum,duodenojejunalflexure,transverseanddescendingcolon,pancreas,commonbileduct,inferiorvenacavaandrightrenalv.,abdominalaorta,greateromentum,superiormesentericv.anda.,leftrenalv.,kidney,spleen,1.橫結(jié)腸

transversecolon2.腸系膜上動脈

superiormesenterica.3.空腸

jejunum4.左腎靜脈

leftrenalv5.腹主動脈

abdominala.6.左腎

leftkidney7.右腎

rightkidney8.下腔靜脈

inferiorvenacava9.肝右葉

rightlobeofliver10.十二指腸降部

descendingpartofduodenum11.胰頭

headofpancreas12.膽總管

commonbileduc13.腸系膜上靜脈

superiormesentericv.14.ThroughSecondlumbarintervertebraldisc14.descendingpartofduodenum,ascendingpartofduodenum,jejunum,transverseanddescendingcolon,pancreas,commonbileduct,inferiorvenacavaandrightrenalv.,superiormesentericv.anda.,leftrenalv.,greateromentum,1.腸系膜上靜脈

superiormesentericv.2.空腸

jejunum3.十二指腸水平部

horizontalpartofduodenum4.腹主動脈

abdominala.5.左腎

leftkidney6.腰方肌

quadratuslumborum7.豎脊肌

erectorspinae8.右腎

rightkidney9.下腔靜脈

inferiorvenacava10.十二指腸降部

descendingpartofduodenum11.胰頭

headofpancreas12.橫結(jié)腸

transversecolon15.Throughupperpartofbodyofthirdlumbervertebrae15.descendingpartofduodenum,ascendingpartofduodenumjejunum,transverseanddescendingcolon,pancreas,commonbileduct,superiormesentericv.anda.,greateromentum,quadratuslumborum,psoasmajor1.空腸jejunum2.腸系膜上靜脈superiormesentericv.3.下腔靜脈inferiorvenacava4.腹主動脈abdominala.5.左腎leftkidney6.腰方肌quadratuslumborum7.豎脊肌erectorspinae8.右腎rightkidney9.十二指腸降部descendingpartofduodenum10.升結(jié)腸ascendingcolon11.十二指腸水平部horizontalpartofduodenum12.橫結(jié)腸transversecolon16.Throughmajorduodenalpapilla16.bodyofstomach,descendingpartofduodenum,horizontalpartofduodenumandjejunum,transverseanddescendingcolon,pancreas,majorduodenalpapilla,superiormesentericv.anda.,inferiorvenacava,abdominalaorta,kidney,greateromentum,rightcolicflexure,1.空腸

jejunum2.下腔靜脈

inferiorvenacava3.腹主動脈

abdominala.4.降結(jié)腸

descendingcolon5.腰大肌

psoasmajor6.豎脊肌

erectorspinae7.右腎

rightkidney8.升結(jié)腸

ascendingcolon9.十二指腸水平部

horizontalpartofduodenum10.回腸

ileum17.Throughthirdlumbarintervertebraldisc17.bodyofstomach,descendingpartofduodenum,horizontalpartofduodenumandjejunum,ascending,transverseanddescendingcolon,superiormesentericv.anda.,inferiorvenacava,abdominalaorta,kidney,greateromentum,1.空腸

jejunum2.腹主動脈

abdominala.3.降結(jié)腸

descendingcolon4.腰大肌

psoasmajor5.腰方肌

quadratuslumborum6.豎脊肌

erectorspinae7.十二指腸下曲

inferiorduodenalflexure8.升結(jié)腸

ascendingcolon9.回腸

ileum10.下腔靜脈

inferiorvenacava

Transversesectionthrough5thlumbarinterverterbraldiscRectusabdominisObliquusexternus,internus&transversusabdominis5thlumbarinterverterbraldisciliacusGluteusMinimusmedius,maximusPsoasmajor1stsacrumSacralcanalAlaofiliumcecumRightcommoniliacveinErectorspinaececumSigmoidcolonCaudaequinaLineaalbaLeftinternalandexternaliliaca.Femoraln.iliopsoasSacroiliacjointCartilageInterosseousSacroiliacligamentsileumArticularcartilageMediansacralcrestmesenteryAlaofsacrumSacralforaminaAnteriorsacralforaminapiriformisSciaticn.Body0filiumsartoriumTensorfasciaelataerectumischiumPubisacetabulumUrinarybladderLigamentofheadoffemurFemoralheadBodyofischiumIschialspineiliopsorserectumYellow&redbonemarrowCompact&spongybonecoccyxSpermaticcordcoccygeusiliopsorseObturatorinternusSuperiorramusofpubisGreatertrochanterNeckoffemurpectineusFemorala.,v.andn.RectusfemorisGemellussuperiorLevatoraniIschialspineTensorfasciaelataeAmpullaofductusdeferensSpermaticcordObturaterinternuspectineusPubicsymphysisSeminalvesicleGluteusmaximusGreatertrochanterProstaticvenousplexusObturaterexternusPubicsymphysisiliopsorseTensorfasciaelataeProstaticvenousplexusiliopsorseTensorfasciaelataepectineusProstaticutricleIschoanalfossailiopsorseLevatoraniIschialtuberosityiliopsorseCavernousbodyofpenisCavernousbodyofurethraIschoanalfossaShpinecteraniexternuslessertrochanterIschialtuberosityRamusofischiumtestisCavernousbodyofurethrailiopsorseShaftoffemuriodine5thLumberinterverterbraldiscPeriphericlobeCentrallobeIschioanalfossasarcoma前列腺癌淋巴結(jié)腫大尿痛10天，排尿困難3天L5/S1AscendingcolonErectorspinaeObliquusexternus,internus&transversusabdominisRectusabdominisPsoasmajoriliacusAlaofiliumTransversesectionthrough5thlumbarinterverterbraldiscMediansacralcrestS1TerminalpartofileumIleocecalvalvaeLeftinternalandexternaliliaca.&v.ileumS2S2/3InterosseousSacroiliacligamentsiliopsoasSacroiliacjointS3S4S4–greaterSFS5Sciaticn.sartoriusTensorfasciaelataecoccyxUninarybladderovaryvenousplexusFemoralheadNeckofuterusFornixofvaginaischiumLIG.Offemoral