虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)虛擬校園中英文對照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

中英文資料對照外文翻譯外文原文VirtualizingaCampus:ASEEUCaseStudyABSTRACTCreatingapresentationforthewebthatdrasticallydiffersfromstandardonesisstillachallengeandrepresentsamilestoneformanyresearchgroups.Virtualuniversitycampusestogetherwithin-placelearningwithVirtualLearningoreducation.CampusforSouthEastEuropeanUniversity，thedesignmethodologies，implementationexperience，resultsandpossibilities.KeywordsVirtualCampus，VirtualEducation，3-DModeling1.INTRODUCTIONVirtualWorldsareenvironmentsthattendtolooklikethephysicalworldandtheycreateasenseofaplacewhereausercancommunicate,navigate,anddovariousthingsaccordingtoitsnavigationpreferences.Virtualworldshavetraditionallybeendevelopedasgames,butlatelyasvirtualcampuses,museumsorlibraries.Thevirtualcampusisaneducationalcommunitythatfocusesonincreasingstudentaccesstoqualityservices.ASEEUvirtualcampushasbeendevelopedintheComputerScienceandTechnologiesDepartmentattheSEEUanditisbasedontheconceptofvirtualworlds.Fewuniversities[5]offera3-DModelingofphysicalfacilities.Insteadmostofthemaresimplewebsites,offeringinformationandservicesintraditionalway(virtualeducation)[2，4，9].Enrichingthewebwithgraphicpossibilitiesratherthanusingthetraditionalapproach,hasbeenthemilestonesincefromitsverybeginning.Craftingawebthatwillbeabletopresent3-Dmodelsindifferentwaysisstillachallenge.Thenewtrendsin3-Modelingandweb,emergedwithnewconceptsandtechnologiesconcerningofferingbetterservicestocustomers.Thisnewtrenddidnotoverpassuniversitiesaswell.Educatorsandstudentsfromvariousresearchareasruntoexplore,presentandcollaboratetheirideasin3D.Inthispaperwepresentadesignmethodologyandimplementationofavirtualcampusthatallowsstudentstovirtuallymovearoundthe3-Dimensionalworld,aswellasinteractwithit.TheobjectivesoftheSEEUVirtualCampusactuallyaimtocontributetothemodernizationagendaofuniversities,tryingtogiverelativelynewapproachbyputtingusersinavirtual3-Denvironmentandtryingtoprovidehimwiththenecessaryinformation.Approachesnotfoundin[2,4,9].OtherapproacheslikeSecondlife[8]useacompletenewinfrastructureanddifferentprotocols(secondlifeprotocol)thatmakesitimpossibleforusagebyordinarywebuserswithoutinstallingnewsoftwareandprotocolsthatsecondlifedemands.ThemaingoaloftheSEEUvirtualcampusistocreatea3-Dvirtualworldbasedonanexistentinfrastructureandprotocolsthatwebprovides,makingitthiswaymoreusableandaccessible.TheclientthatSEEUVirtualcampususesislightweight,easytoinstallandbuiltuponexistentwebprotocols(http).Therestofthispaperisorganizedasfollows:Insection1,abriefintroductionandmaingoalofvirtualcampusispresented.InSection2,Insection3,theexperienceoftheprojectteamduringimplementationispresented.Section4presentstheresultsandoutcomesoftheVirtualCampuswithseveralpossibilitiesanddirectionsforenrichingitwithnewfeaturesandsection5concludesthispaper.2.DESIGNMETHODOLOGYWegenerallyunderstandvirtualworldsasacollectionofdigitalmediaunits.Peoplearefamiliarwithhypertext,digitalimages,digitalaudioandvideo,and3Dmodelingaspresentationtools.Thedesignmaterialsofvirtualarchitectureemergeandtakeeffectduringdifferentdesignprocesses[1].ThestagesofthedesignofourVirtualCampusaregroupedintothreecategories:metaphoricaldesign,analogicaldesign,andimplementation.MetaphoricalDesign:Throughtheuseofmetaphor,weexpresstheconceptsinonedomainintermsofanotherdomain.Untilnow,knownmetaphorsare:GiantBrain,InformationSuperhighwayandMultipleMetaphors[1].DesigningaVirtualCampusfallsinthegroupofMultipleMetaphorstogetherwithDigitalLibrary,ElectronicMailandElectronicMarketplace.Usingthismetaphor,allofthesesubgroupsallowsuserstointeractwiththevirtualenvironment.AnalogicalDesign:Itdealswithusingthecurrentdesigninordertocreatenewinsightsandpossibilitiesforfurtherenhancementsandadaptationforanewdesign[1].Inthisstage,thephysicalarchitectureofSEEUhasbeenadoptedtosatisfytheneedsofvirtualarchitecture.Firststepwasprovidingthe2-DmapoftheUniversityuponwhichthe3-Dmodelwillbebuilt.Secondstepofthisstagewasincorporatingthemapintoourchosensoftware.Implementation:ThesoftwaresolutionwasdevelopedusingGoogleSketchUp[3]anddifferentdesignmaterialslistedbelow.2.1DesignMaterialsThetypesofdigitalmediarelevanttovirtualarchitectureinclude:text,digitalimages,framedbasedanimation,3DModeling[7].Text:usingtextisveryimportantbecauseitaffectstheusersofthevirtualworld.AtourUniversity,officiallanguagesareAlbanian,MacedonianandEnglish;forthatreasonallusedtextsarewritteninthethreelanguagesmentionedabove.DigitalImages:Herewerefertodigitalimagesasrasterorbitmappedimages,representedincomputermemoryasanarrayofdiscretebitsofinformationwhereeachbitspecifiescolorandintensity[6].DigitalimagesareusedtorepresenttheenvironmentoutoftheCampusinordertogiveamorereallooktotheVirtualonethatwehavedesigned.Framed-basedanimation:Ananimatedpictureisasequenceofimagesthataredisplayedinafixedorder.Theframesmaybeproducedbysamplingwithamovieorvideocamera[12].AmoviefileoftheVirtualCampushasbeencreatedwhichisusedindifferentpresentationsheldinourUniversity.3DModeling:3Dmodelsarethebasicresourcesforproducing3Danimation.Iftheframesofananimatedpicturearecapturedbygeneratingasequenceofprojectedandrenderedviewsfroma3Dmodel,thenitwillproduce3Danimation.Therefore,3Danimationisthepostproductionof3Dmodels.Different3Danimationresultscanbeachievedbasedonasame3Dmodelbychanginganimationmethodsorcameraviewsandpaths[12].AcameraisplacedatthefrontdooroftheVirtualUniversitywhichhelpstheuserstowalkaroundtheCampusasavisualizedplace.2.2User'sEvaluationInthedesignoftheVirtualCampuswehaveinvolvedusersoneverystageofSEEUvirtualcampusimplementation.Wehaveidentifiedthreemainstagesofimplementationwhereuser'sfeedbackwasvaluable.Thesestagescanbesummarizedasfollows.2.2.1PreliminaryResearchStageThefirststageisdefinedaspreliminaryresearchstagewhereweanalyzeandchoosethesoftwareanditsessentialfeatures,collectbooksandotherneededresourceslikedigitalcamera,campusmap,buildingwalltexturesetc.AsprojectteamwedecidedtouseGoogleSketchUpbecause,comparingtoothertechnologiesitcharacterizeditselfwithsimplicity,efficiencyandscalability.2.2.2TestingStageThesecondstageisdefinedastestingstageofthefirstdraft.Thisdraftwaspresentedto60studentswhoaretakingtheComputerGraphiccourse.Thequestionsraisedwere:HowdoyouevaluatetheoveralllookofSEEUVirtualCampus?HoweasydoyoufindthenavigationwithinVC?Areyousatisfiedwiththenavigationspeed?Does3-Dmodelingreflectsrealisticallyouruniversitycampus?Thisobservationindicatedthat:TheyliketowalkaroundtheirvisualizeduniversityTheypreferamoresophisticatedtextureratherthansimplecoloringthewallsofthebuildingsTheypreferabetterspeedperformanceTheywouldliketoseetheirVirtualUniversityontheInternet2.2.3FinalizationandPresentationStageThethirdstageisdefinedasfinalizationstage.Atthisstagewehadthefinaldesignwhichwaspresentedtoabroaderaudience.Thefeedbackfromaudienceandusersindicatedthat: TheylikedthegenerallookofthevirtualcampusTheyprefertousethevirtualcampusduringtheUniversitymarketingcampaignDetailsenhancementwasrecommended3.IMPLEMENTATIONThedesignofTheVirtualCampusisoriginallybasedonthevirtualworldconcept.Understandingtherealizationofaproject,wordsareabstractones,iftheyarenotrealizedinwork.Thispart,hasbeendealingwithdescriptionofthestepsforimplementingthecampusitself.Thefirstneededthingwastoknowabouttheexactmarginsoftheoverallcampus.Thediscussionwasdonewiththeresponsibleuniversitystaff,whichgaveusthesketchofthecontentthatweplannedtorealize.Afterthis,themappingcouldbestarted.3.1MappingThemapping,definedthegeneralparametersthatcamefromthesketch.Themappinghasbeendoneintwodimensionalenvironments.Atthispoint,thesizeofthefieldswasdefined,inbaseofthewidenessanddistanceofeveryobjectfromone–another.Itstartedwiththelandscape,afterthatwiththeroads,andfinallytobefinishedwithobjendthem.3.2ObjectextrusionOncethemappingwascompleted,thedefinitionofwireframeobjects,byraisingtheminacertainaxeswasperformed.Thisprocessisknownasobjectextrusionwhichcreatesfullyscaled3Dobjects.3.3SurfaceDefinitionsandHiddenSurfaceRemovalWireframeobjectasshownonfigure2aresuitableonlyformodeling,butnotforgeneralpresentation.Thenextstageisdefiningthesidesofsurfacesaswellashidingsurfacesthatarenotvisible.Atechniquewhichiswidelyknowsashiddensurfaceremoval.Withthistechniqueobjectsgaindepthrelativetoeachother.3.4TextureMappingThelastpartoftheimplementation,surelythemosteye–valuable,wastexturemapping.Themaingoalwastomakeasmuchasappropriatecolordefinitiontotheobject,andtheenvironmentwiththecolorstheyreallyhave.Someofthesecolordefinitioncanbelandscape'sgrassytextureandvegetation,roadsandparkinglots,aswellasobjectwallsandroofs.Otherslike,streetlightsorbencheswerejustforassistance(SeeFigure4inthefollowingsection).4.RESULTSANDPOSSIBILITIESThefinalstageofimplementationrepresentsafullymodeledandproportionallyscaledvirtualSEEUniversitycampus.Byproportionallyscaledmodelsismeantthatthesizesofthebuildingarescaleddowninaccordancewiththeirrealproportionsinordertogiveareal3-Dlookandfeel.Figure4.showsthecompletedmodelofSEEUVirtualCampus.Thevirtualcampusoffersacertaindegreeofinteractionforusersinthesensethatitcanwalkthroughthecampusaswellasineveryobjectthereisadditionalinformationconcerningitsnameandpurpose.HavinginmindthatthemainpurposeoftheSEEUVirtualCampuswascreatinga3Deducationalenvironmentfortheweb.This3Denvironmentwaseffectivelyusedforuniversitypromotiondoneinseveraldirectionssuchas:PostingthemodelinGoogleEarthsystem,providedbyGoogleInc.[11]Thisstagehasalreadybeencompleted.CreatingaVRMLorX3DmodelofSEEUVirtualCampusthatwillbepresentedintheofficialsiteofSEEUniversity.InthementionedsiteuserswillhavethepossibilitytonavigatethecampusfromtheirVRMLenabledwebbrowsers.Creatinganimatedpresentationsandvideofilesforcommercialandmarketingpurposes.OnevideopresentationhasbeenalreadydonebyusingandXMLbasedmultimedialanguagesuchasSMIL[12].TheabovementionedSMILpresentationrepresentsatwominutesguidelinesofthemainobjectsintheVirtualCampuswiththepossibilityofmultiplerepletions.Thismakesitsuitableforsilentbackgroundpresentationsorpossiblyforcommercialspots.5.CONCLUSIONANDFUTUREWORKThe3-Dmodelsonthewebarebecomingmoreprevalentfromdaytoday.Inthispaperwepresentedoneapproachformodelinganonlinevirtualcampusdedicatedforpromotingauniversity.Possibilitiesfordevelopingnewerversionswithricherfeaturesalwaysexists.Weenvisionthefurtherdevelopmentofthevirtualcampusprojectinthefollowingdirections:Increasinginteractioninthevirtualizedcampusbyaddinglinkswithmediafileslikeaudioorvideo.Thiscanbedonebyincorporatingthesocalledinteractionpoints.Theinteractionpointsarespecificregionsinthevirtual3-Dworldthathavespecificpurposeandincludeaspecificresource(likeaudio,videoorsomeotherresources)ExploringthepossibilitiesofX3DwhichisanXMLbasedversionofVRMLandatthesametimeanXMLstandardforcreatingandmanipulatingVirtualWorlds.Consideringthepossibilityforbuildingacomplete3-Dbasedwebsitewithallthefeaturesthatanormalwebsiteprovideslike:links,picturesandmanyotherinformation.Modeling3-Denvironmentsisveryinterestingandappealingfromauserpointofviewbecausetheyofferricheranddifferentenvironmentsthanordinaryweb.Inthispaperwepresentedsuchanenvironmentusedforpromotingauniversityandcreatingmoreusableandattractivewebbasedpresentations.Theotherdevelopingaspectsandpossibilitiesmentionedabovearesubjectforfurtherresearchandimplementations.中文譯文校園可視化：SEEU大學(xué)案例分析摘要創(chuàng)建大大不同于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的環(huán)境仍然是一個挑戰(zhàn)，同時也作為許多研究小組的一個里程碑。虛擬大學(xué)校園與實地學(xué)習(xí)與虛擬學(xué)習(xí)或教育。校園的設(shè)計方法，實施經(jīng)驗，結(jié)果和可能性。關(guān)鍵詞：虛擬校園，虛擬教育，3-D建模1引言虛擬世界是看起來像物質(zhì)世界并且他們允許用戶通信，導(dǎo)航，根據(jù)喜好做各種事情的環(huán)境。虛擬世界以前是因游戲開發(fā)的，但最近已涉足虛擬校園，博物館或圖書館。虛擬校園是一個專注于以優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)提高學(xué)生訪問量的教育社區(qū)。SEEU的計算機科學(xué)與技術(shù)系已開發(fā)出虛擬校園，它是基于虛擬世界的概念。有幾所大學(xué)[5]提供了一個的公用設(shè)施3-D模型。相反，他們大多是簡單的網(wǎng)站，以傳統(tǒng)的方式（虛擬教育）[2，4，9]提供信息和服務(wù)。用圖形的來豐富網(wǎng)絡(luò)而不是使用傳統(tǒng)的方法，從一開始就成為了里程碑。制作出能夠以不同的方式呈現(xiàn)3-D模型的網(wǎng)頁仍然是一個難題。3維建模和網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的新趨勢，出現(xiàn)了新的概念和技術(shù)，為客戶提供更好的服務(wù)。這種新的趨勢并沒有超過立交橋大學(xué)。來自不同的研究領(lǐng)域的教育工作者和學(xué)生運行在3D探索，提出和合作他們的想法。在本文中，我們提出了能夠讓學(xué)生在3維世界模擬游走以及與它進(jìn)行交互的一個虛擬校園設(shè)計方法和實施方案。SEEU虛擬校園實際上旨在促進(jìn)大學(xué)的現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程，試圖把用戶放在一個虛擬的三維環(huán)境，并給他提供必要的信息的相對較新的方法。文獻(xiàn)[2，4，9]并未提供方案。其他方法，如“第二人生”[8]，用一個完整的新的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，并采用不同協(xié)議SecondLife的協(xié)議），使得它無法通過普通的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶使用，無需安裝新的軟件和協(xié)議。SEEU虛擬校園的主要目標(biāo)是創(chuàng)建基于現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和協(xié)議的一個三維虛擬世界，增強它的實用性和易用性。虛擬校園SEEU使用的是重量輕，易于安裝和建成后存在的Web協(xié)議（HTTP）的客戶端。本文的其余部分安排如下：在第1部分，提出了一個簡單的介紹和虛擬校園的主要目標(biāo)。在第2部分中，我們提出了SEEU虛擬校園實施的設(shè)計方法。在第3部分，提出了項目實施經(jīng)驗。第4節(jié)介紹了幾個新的功能和豐富的可能性和方向的虛擬校園的業(yè)績和成果。第5部分總結(jié)本文。2設(shè)計方法我們通常把虛擬世界理解為一個數(shù)字媒體單位的集合。人們所常把超文本，數(shù)字圖像，數(shù)字音頻和視頻，以及3D建模作為演示工具。在不同的設(shè)計過程的[1]。虛擬校園的設(shè)計階段分為三類：隱喻設(shè)計，類比設(shè)計和實施。隱喻設(shè)計：通過隱喻的使用，我們在一個域中另一個域表達(dá)概念。到現(xiàn)在為止，已知的隱喻是：巨腦，信息高速公路和多重隱喻[1]。在多重隱喻與數(shù)字圖書館，電子信箱和電子市場下設(shè)計虛擬校園。使用這個比喻，所有這些分組可以讓用戶與虛擬環(huán)境進(jìn)行交互。類比設(shè)計：它涉及使用目前的設(shè)計，以創(chuàng)建一個新的設(shè)計[1]為進(jìn)一步增強和適應(yīng)新的見解和可能性。在此階段，SEE大學(xué)的物理體系結(jié)構(gòu)已被采用，以這個階段的將地圖做到我們選擇的軟件中去。實施：使用軟件解決方案2。1設(shè)計材料與虛擬建筑相關(guān)的數(shù)字媒體類型包括：文字，圖像，基于動畫的框架，三維模型[7]。文本：使用文本很重要，因為它影響了虛擬世界的用戶。在我們的大學(xué)，官方語言是阿爾巴尼亞語，馬其頓語和英語；因此所有的文字都是上述三種語言。數(shù)字圖像：這里我們指的光柵數(shù)字圖像或位圖圖像，在計算機內(nèi)存中的數(shù)組的離散比特表示的信息，其中每一位指定顏色和強度[6]。數(shù)字圖像被用來描述校園環(huán)境，為了使我們設(shè)計的虛擬校園看起來更真實。以框架為基礎(chǔ)的動畫：動畫圖片是一個有特定顯示順序圖像。該框架可通過電影或視頻攝像機[12]采樣產(chǎn)生。虛擬校園的電影文件已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建，并且被在在我校召開的會議所運用。三維建模：三維模型為制作三維動畫的基本資源。如果一個動畫幀產(chǎn)生一個序列的投影捕捉和渲染的視圖的三維模型，然后將產(chǎn)生的3D動畫。因此，3D動畫是三維模型的后期制作。不同的3D動畫結(jié)果可以實現(xiàn)基于同一個三維模型，通過改變動畫的方法或相機視圖和路徑[12]。一個照相機放在虛擬大學(xué)，幫助用戶在校園里散步的地方，作為一個可視化的大門。2。2用戶評價在虛擬校園的設(shè)計階段，我們已經(jīng)涉及用戶的SEEU虛擬校園實施的每一個步驟。我們已經(jīng)確定了三個用戶反饋有價值的主要階段實施。這些階段可以總結(jié)如下。2。2。1初步研究階段初步研究階段，我們分析和選擇軟件