職稱英語衛(wèi)生類a級模擬43

職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級模擬43

第1部分：詞匯選項

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語畫有底橫線，請為每處畫線部分確定1個意義最

為接近的選項。

1>Thegovernmentisdebatingtheeducationlaws.

A.discussingB.defeatingC.delayingD.

declining

2、Lasterbeamscanbeusedtoboremetalsandotherhardmaterials.

A.trimB.meltC.drillD.slice

3、Thecityhasdecidedtodoawaywithalltheoldbuildingsinitscenter.

A.getridofB.setupC,repairD.paint

4、Duringthepasttenyearstherehavebeendramaticchangesintheinternational

situation.

A.permanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.

practical

5、Foryoungchildren,gettingdressedisacomolicatedbusiness.

A.personalB.strangeC,funnyD.

complex

6、Hewasnoteligiblefortheexaminationbecausehewasoverage.

A.competitiveB.diligentC.qualifiedD.

competent

7、HernoveldepictsanambitiousChinese.

A.writesB.sketchesC.describesD.

indicates

8、Don11irritateher.she,sonashortfusetoday.

A.teaseB.attractC.annoyD

protect

9、Itisabsurdtogooutinsuchterribleweather.

A.ridiculousB.funnyC,oddD.

interesting

10>Inotifiedhimthatmyaddresshadchanged.

A.informedB.observedC.mockedD,misled

11>Iwanttoprovidemyboyswithadecenteducation.

A.goodB.specialC.privateD.

general

12>Heimpressedallhiscolleaguesasavigorousmanintheprimeofhiscareer.

A.hot-temperedB.healthyC.friendlyD.

patient

13、Notallmemberstatesabidedbytheprincipletheyhadagreedonpreviously.

A.adheredtoB.abandonedC.appliedD.adopted

14、Hissolemotivewastomakeherhappy.

A.aimB.argumentC.capabilityD.

pursuit

15、Theconstructionoftherailwayissaidtohavebeenterminated.

A.resumedB.putanendtoC.suspendedD.

rescheduled

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內容對每個句子作出判斷：如果該句

提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信

息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

FirstSelfContainedHeartImplanted

Apatientonthebrinkofdeathhasreceivedtheworld*sfirstself-contained

artificialheart—abatterypowereddeviceaboutthesizeofasoftballthat

runswithouttheneedforwires,tubesorhosesstickingoutofthechest.

TwosurgeonsfromtheUniversityofLouisvilleimplantedthetitaniumand

plasticpumpduringaseven-houroperationatJewishHospitalMonday.The

hospitalsaidthepatientwasnawakeandresponsivenTuesdayandresting

comfortably.Itrefusedtoreleasepersonaldetails.

Thepatienthadbeenexpectedtodiewithinamonthwithouttheoperation,

anddoctorssaidtheyexpectedtheartificialhearttoextendtheperson1s

lifebyonlyamonth.Butthedeviceisconsideredamajorsteptowardimproving

thepatient*squalityoflife.

Thenewpump,calledAbioCorzisalsoatechnologicalleapfromthemechanical

heartsusedinthe1980s,whichwereattachedbywiresandtubestobulky

machineryoutsidethebody.Themostfamousofthose,theJarvic-7,usedair

asapumpingdeviceandwasattachedtoanapparatusaboutthesizeofawashing

machine.

nIthinkit1spotentiallyamajorstepforwardintheartificialheart

development,nsaidDr.DavidFaxon,presidentoftheAmericanHeartAssociation.

However,hesaidthedreamofanimplantablezpermanentartificialheartis

notyetareality."Thisisobviouslyanexperimentaldevicewhoselong-term

successhastobedemonstrated.nOnlyabouthalfofthe4,200Americanson

awaitinglistfordonorheartsreceivedthemlastyear,andmostoftherest

died.

Somedoctors,includingRobertHiggins,chairmanofcardiologyatthe

MedicalCollegeofVirginiainRichmond,saidartificialheartsareunlikely

toreplacedonorhearts.

n

"Adonorheartinagoodtransplantcanlast15to30yearszhesaid.

"It*sgoingtobehardtoreplacethatwithamachine.n

TheAbilCorhasa2-poundpumpingunitzandelectroniccontrolsthatadjust

thepumpingspeedbasedonthebody*sneeds.Itispoweredbyasmallbattery

packwornoutsidethebodythattransmitscurrentthroughtheskin.

16、Thepumpofthefirstimplantedself-containedheartwasmadeoftitanium

andplastic.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Thepatient1slifewasexpectedtolastseveralyearslongerbyimplanting

theartificialheart.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Thereisnodifferenceinstructurebetweentheself-containedheartand

themechanicalheart.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、TheAmericanHeartAssociationrecommendedwidelyusingtheself-contained

heart.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Dr.DavidFaxonbelievedthattheimplantable,permanentartificialheart

willcertainlybedevelopedinthefuture.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Approximatelytwothousandonehundredpatientsreceivedheartimplantation

inAmericalastyear.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Somedoctorsdoubtthepossibilityofdonorheartsbeingreplacedby

artificialones.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

下面的短文后有2項測試任務：①第23?26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第1?4段每

段選擇1個最佳標題；②第27?30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選

項。

ScreenTest

1.EveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsigns

ofbreastcancer.Ifthishappensearlyenough,thediseasecanoftenbetreated

successfully.AccordingtoasurveyAustralia,Canada,theU.S.andSpain,

screenwomenunder50.

2.Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningtheseyoungerwomenare

controversialzpartlybecausetheradiationbringsasmallriskofinducing

cancer.Also,youngerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesofX-raysbecausetheir

breasttissueisdenser.

3.ResearchersatthePolytechnicUniversityofValenciaanalysedtheeffect

ofscreeningmorethan160,000womenat11localclinics.Afterestimating

thewomen1scumulativedoseofradiation,theyusedtwomodelstocalculate

thenumberofextracancersthiswouldcause.

4.ThemathematicalmodelrecommendedbyBritain*sNationalRadiological

ProtectionBoard(NRPB.predictedthatthescreeningprogrammewouldcause

36cancersper100z000women,18ofthemfatal.Themodelpreferredbythe

U.N.ScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomicRadiationledtoalower

figureof20cancers.

5.Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersis

"notverysignificant'*comparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatare

discoveredandtreated.TheValenciaprogrammeztheysay,detectsbetween

300and450casesofbreastcancerinevery100,000womenscreened.

6.Buttheypointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiation

couldbereducedbybetween40%and80%ifscreeningbeganat50insteadof

45,becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheir

n

study,theysuggestzcouldhelpoptimizethetechnique"forbreastcancer

screening.

7.'*Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnosticbenefitsofbreastscreening

anditsrisks,nadmitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB.Buthewarnsthatthestudy

shouldbeinterpretedwithcaution."Onthebasisofthecurrentdata,for

every10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthereisariskofcausing

onelaterinlife.That*swhyradiationexposureshouldbeminimizedinany

screeningprogramme."

A.HarmScreeningMayDotoaYoungerWoman

B.InvestingtheEffectofScreening

C.EffectsPredictedbyTwoDifferentModels

D.SmallRiskofInducingCancersfromRadiation

E.TreatmentofCancers

F.FactorsThatTriggerCancers

23、Paragraph2_______

24、Paragraph3_______

25、Paragraph4_______

26、Paragraph5_______

27、A.becostly

B.harmful

C.savealife

D.stillopentodebate

E.reducetheriskofradiationtriggeringacancer

F.reducedtotheminimum

Earlydiscoveryofbreastcancermay.

28、Advantagesofscreeningwomenunder50are.

29、Delayingtheageatwhichscreeningstartsmay.

30、Radiationexposureshouldbe.

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

弟局

AGayBiologist

MolecularbiologistDeanHamerhasblueeyeszlightbrownhairandagood

senseofhumor.Hesmokescigarettes,spendslonghoursinanoldlaboratory

attheU.S.NationalInstituteofHealth,andinhisfreetimeclimbsupcliffs

andpointshisskisdownsteepslopes.Healsohappenstobeopenly,

matter-of-factgay.

WhatisitthatmakesHamerwhoheis?What,forthatmatter,accounts

forthetalentsandtraitsthatmakeupanyone1spersonality?Hamerisnot

contentmerelytoasksuchquestions；heistryingtoanswerthemaswell.

Apioneerinthefieldofmolecularpsychology,Hamerisexploringtherole

genesplayingoverningtheverycoreofourindividuality.Toaremarkable

extent,hisworkonwhatmightbecalledthegay,thrill-seekingandquit-smoking

genesreflectshowowngeneticpredispositions.

Thatwork,whichhasappearedmostlyinscientificjournals,hasbeen

gatheredintoanaccessibleandquitereadableforminHamer1screativenew

book,LivingwithOurGenes."Youhaveaboutasmuchchoiceinsomeaspect

ofyourpersonality,"HamerandcoauthorPeterCopelandwriteinthe

introductorychapter,"asyoudointheshapeofyournoseorthesizeof

yourfeet."

Untilrecently,researchintobehavioralgeneticswasdominatedby

psychiatristsandpsychologistszwhobasedtheirmostcompellingconclusions

abouttheimportanceofgenesonstudiesofidenticaltwins.Forexample,

psychologistMichaelBaileyofNorthwesternUniversityfamouslydemonstrated

thatifoneidenticaltwinisgay,thereisabouta50%likelihoodthatthe

otherwillbetoo.Sevenyearsago,Hamerpickedupwherethetwinstudies

leftoffzhominginonspecificstripsofDNAthatappeartoinfluenceeverything

frommoodtosexualorientation.

Hamerswitchedtobehavioralgeneticsfrombasicresearch,afterreceiving

hisdoctoratefromHarvard,hespentmorethanadecadestudyingthebiochemistry

ofaproteinthatcellsusetometabolizeheavymetalslikecopperandzinc.

Ashewasabouttoturn40,however,Hamersuddenlyrealizedhehadlearned

asmuchabouttheproteinashecaredto."Frankly,Iwasbored,"heremembersz

"andreadyforsomethingnew.”

Homosexualbehavior,inparticular,seemedripeforexplorationbecause

fewscientistshaddaredtacklesuchanemotionallyandpoliticallycharged

HH

subject,I*mgayzHamersayswithashrug,"butthatwasnotamajormotivation.

Itwasmoreofaquestionofintellectualcuriosity—andthefactthatnoone

elsewasdoingthissortofresearch.H

31>ThefirstparagraphdescribesHamer1s.

A.lookszhobbiesandcharacter

B.viewpointonhomosexua1ity

C.uniquelife-style

D.scientificresearchwork

32>Hamerwasa.

A.psychiatrist

B.physiologist

C.chemist

D.biologist

33、WhatisHamerdoingnow?

A.Heisexploringtheroleofgenesindecidingone1sintelligence.

B.Heisexploringtheroleofgenesindecidingone1spersonality.

C.HeiswritingabookentitledLivewithOurGenes.

D.Heistryingtoanswersomequestionsonatestpaper.

34、WhathappenedtoHamer1sresearchinterest?

A.Heturnedtobasicresearch.

B.Hestickedtobasicresearch.

C.Heturnedtobehavioralgenetics.

D.Hestickedtobehavioralgenetics.

35、AccordingtoHamer,whatwasoneofthemainreasonsforhimtochoose

homosexualbehaviorashisresearchsubject?

A.Heisagayandhewantstocurehimself.

B.Hewascuriousaboutitasascientist.

C.Hewascuriousaboutitlikeeveryoneelse.

D.Itisasubjectthatcanleadtopoliticalsuccess.

弟一^扁

DNAFingerprinting

DNAisthegeneticmaterialfoundwithinthecellnucleiofallliving

things.InmammalsthestrandsofDNAaregroupedintostructurescalled

chromosomes.Withtheexceptionofidenticalsiblings(asinidenticaltwins),

thecompleteDNAofeachindividualisunique.

DNAfingerprintingissometimescalledDNAtyping.Itisamethodof

identificationthatcomparesbitsofDNA.ADNAfingerprintisconstructed

byfirstdrawingoutaDNAsamplefrombodytissueorfluidsuchashair,

blood,orsaliva.Thesampleisthensegmentedusingenzymes,andthesegments

arearrangedbysize.ThesegmentsaremarkedwithprobesandexposedonX-ray

film,wheretheyformapatternofblackbars—theDNAfingerprint.Ifthe

DNAfingerprintsproducedfromtwodifferentsamplesmatch,thetwosamples

probablycamefromthesameperson.

DNAfingerprintingwasfirstdevelopedasallidentificationtechnique

in1985.Originallyusedtodetectthepresenceofgeneticdiseaseszitsoon

cametobeusedincriminalinvestigationsandlegalaffairs.Thefirstcriminal

convictionbasedonDNAevidenceintheUnitedStatesoccurredin1988.In

criminalinvestigations,DNAfingerprintsderivedfromevidencecollected

atthecrimescenearecomparedtotheDNAfingerprintsofsuspects.Generally,

courtshaveacceptedthereliabilityofDNAtestingandadmittedDNAtest

resultsintoevidence.However,DNAfingerprintingiscontroversialinanumber

ofareas：theaccuracyoftheresults,thecostoftesting,andthepossible

misuseofthetechnique.

TheaccuracyofDNAfingerprintinghasbeenchallengedforseveralreasons.

First,becauseDNAsegmentsratherthancompleteDNAstrandsare"fingerprinted"：

aDNAfingerprintmaynotbeunique；large-scaleresearchtoconfirmthe

uniquenessofDNAfingerprintingtestresultshasnotbeenconducted.In

addition,DNAfingerprintingisoftendoneinprivatelaboratoriesthatmay

notfollowuniformtestingstandardsandqualitycontrols.Also,sincehuman

beingsmustinterpretthetest,humanerrorcouldleadtofalseresults.

DNAfingerprintingisexpensive.Suspectswhoareunabletoprovidetheir

ownDNAtoexpertsmaynotbeabletosuccessfullydefendthemselvesagainst

chargesbasedonDNAevidence.

WidespreaduseofDNAtestingforidentificationpurposesmayleadtothe

establishmentofaDNAfingerprintdatabase.

36、Accordingtotheessay,wecanfindchromosomes.

A.inafishB.inatree

C.inasheepD.inarock

37、DNAfingerprintingismoreoftenusedfor.

A.obtainingsamplesofchromosomes

B.providingevidenceincourtinvestigations

C.provingthehorsetobeamammal

D.printingbooksaboutbiology

38、Whenyourbrotherlooksexactlylikeyou,yourcompleteDNAmaybe.

A.exactlylikehisB.totallydifferentfromhis

C.uniqueD.lost

39、SomepeoplebelievethatusingaDNAfingerprintmaynotbesoreliable

because.

A.theaccuracyofDNAfingerprintinghasbeenchallenged

B.noprivatelaboratoryfollowsuniformtestingstandardsorquality

controls

C.mistakesarepossiblewhenresearchersexplaintheresultsoftheir

tests

D.suspectsmaynothaveenoughmoneytoprovidetheirownDNAtolaw-courts

40、ThisessaytalksaboutDNAfingerprintingconcerningthefollowingaspects

EXCEPT.

A.legalapplicationofthemethod

B.thewaytoobtainaDNAsample

C.workyettobedoneaboutDNAfingerprinting

D.possibledangerindrawingaDNAsamplefromthehumanbody

P第vJ-二---答

MysteriousNazcaDrawings

Oneofthemostmysteriousarchaeologicalspectaclesintheworldisthe

immensecomplexofgeometricalsymbols,giantground-drawingsofbirdsand

animalszandhundredsoflong,ruler-straightlines,somerightacrossmountains,

whichstretchover1,200squaremilesofthePeruviantablelands,atNazca.

Nazcawasfirstrevealedtomoderneyesin1926whenthreeexplorerslooked

downonthedesertfromahillsideatduskandbrieflysawaNazcalinehighlighted

bytheraysofthesun.ButitwasnotuntilthePeruvianairforcetookaerial

photographsinthe1940sthatthefullmagnificenceofthepanoramawasapparent.

Hundredsofwhatlookedlikelandingstripsforaircraftwererevealed.There

wereeighteenbird-likedrawings,upto400feetlong；four-sidedfigures

withtwolines*parallel；andlongneedle-liketriangleswhichranformiles.

Amongthemanyabstractpatternswereagiantspider,amonkey,ashark,all

drawnonthegroundonahugescale.

Thescaleismonumentalzbutfromthegroundalmostinvisibleandtotally

incomprehensible.TheamazingfactaboutNazca,createdmorethan1,500years

ago,isthatitcanonlybeappreciatedifseenfromtheair.Many,therefore,

regardeditasaprehistoriclandinggroundforvisitorsfromouterspace,

butJimWoodman,anAmericanexplorer,whowaslongfascinatedbythemystery

ofNazca,hadadifferentopinion.HebelievedthatNazcaonlymadesense

ifthepeoplewhohaddesignedandmadethesevastdrawingsontheground

couldactuallyseethem,andthatledhimtothetheorythattheancientPeruvians

hadsomehowlearnedtofly,asonlyfromabovecouldtheyreallyseetheextent

oftheirhandiwork.Withthistheoryinmind,heresearchedintoancientPeruvian

legendsaboutflightandcametotheconclusionthattheonlyfeasibleanswer

wasahot-airballoon.

Toprovehistheory,Woodmanwouldhavetomakesuchathingusingthe

samefabricsandfibersthatwouldhavebeenavailabletothemenofNazca

atthetime.Hestartedbygatheringinformationfromancientpaintings,legends,

booksandarchaeologicalsites.AftermanyattemptszWoodmanbuilta

balloon-typeairship.Ittookhimintotheair,lettinghimhavethesensation

hehadneverhadfromviewingthesamegroundthathehadseenmanytimes.

Hisflightwasamoderndemonstrationofanancientpossibility.

41>Oneofthe"mostmysteriousarchaeologicalspectaclesintheworld11is

A.thesizeofNazca

B.thelinesovermountains

C.thePeruviantablelands

D.thehugeandcomplicatedground-drawings

42、Nazcawasdiscoveredin1926when

A.thelightshoneonthelines

B.threeexplorersviewedthelinesfromabove

C.thelineswerenothiddenbycloud

D.thelinesfollowedtheraysofthesun

43、ThelandingstripsforaircraftinParagraph2werereally

A.mysteriousarchaeologicalspectacles

B.balloonlandingplaces

C.desertedairports

D.ground-drawingsonavastscale

44、JimWoodmanfeltsurethat.

A.thedesignscouldbeseenfromtheair

B.theancientpeoplehadlearnedtoflybyaccident

C.theancientpeoplewerecleverandhadlearnedtofly

D.Nazcahadbeendesignedtohelppeoplefly一

45、JimWoodman1sflightproved.

A.Nazcacouldbeseenfromaballoon

B.theancientPeruvianssomehowmanagedtoseethedrawingsfromabove

C.theancientPeruviansflewinballoons

D.Nazcawasamagnificentsightfromtheair

第5部分:補全對話

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內容將

其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。

DevelopmentinNewspaperOrganization

Oneofthemostimportant