2023年考研外語沖刺試卷6

考研外語沖刺試卷6

一、UseofEnglish

1、Sowhatisdepression?Depressionisoftenmoreabout

angerturned(1)thanitisaboutsadness.Butit'susually

(2)assadness.Depressioncan(3)atallages,from

childhoodtooldage,andit'stheUnitedStates*No.1(4)

problem.

Whensomeoneisdepressed,herbehavior.(5)changeand

shelosesinterestinactivitiesshe(6)enjoyed(like

sports,music,friendships).Thesadnessusuallylastsevery

dayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore.

What(7)depression?A(8)eventcancertainlybring

(9)depression,butsomewillsayithappens(10)a

specificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou'rejusthavingabad

day(11)arereallydepressed?Depressionaffectsyour

(12),moods,behavior,andevenyourphysicalhealth.

Thesechangesoftengo(13)orarelabeled(14)

simplyabadcaseoftheblues.

Someonewho'struly(15)depressionwillhave(16)

periodsofcryingspells,feelingsof(17)(likenotbeing

abletochangeyoursituation)and(18)(tikeyou'11feel

thiswayforever),irritationoragitation.Adepressedperson

often(19)fromothers,Depressionseldomgoesawayby

itself,andthegreatest(20)ofdepressionissuicide.

Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn'ttreated.

A.on

B.down

C.inward

D.up

2、(2)

A.depicted

B.reported

C.prohibited

D.expressed

3、⑶

A.happen

B.convey

C.fade

D.deteriorate

4、(4)

A.social

B.academic

C.literary

D.health

5、（5）

A.patterns

B.links

C.intuition

D.conscientiousness

6^（6）

A.mostly

B.once

C.fairly

D.desperately

7、⑺

A.cures

B.checks

C.triggers

D.logs

8、（8）

A.solemn

B.sarcastic

C.slender

D.stressful

9、（9）

A.on

B.around

C.up

D.under

10、(10)

A.via

B.without

C.without

D.outof

IK(11)

A.or

B.but

C.and

D.while

12、(12)

A.monopoly

B.motion

C.thoughts

D.association

13、(13)

A.underestimated

B.unsettled

C.unexpected

D.unrecognized

14、(14)

A.by

B.as

C.in

D.for

15、(15)

A.battling

B.substituting

C.reproaching

D.menacing

16、(16)

A.justified

B.extended

C.identified

D.matched

17、(17)

A.selfishness

B.helplessness

C.strategy

D.emotion

18、(18)

A.vibration

B.vicinity

C.reservation

D.hopelessness

19、(19)

A.withdraws

B.overwhelms

C.invades

D.exploits

20、(20)

A.fabric

B.patent

C.danger

D.passion

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

In1929JohnD.Rockefellerdecideditwastimetosellshares

whenevenashoe-shineboyofferedhimasharetip.Duringthe

pastweekTheEconomist，seconomicseditorhasbeenadvisedby

ataxidriver,aplumberandahairdresserthat"youcan'tgo

wrong"investinginhousing—themoreyouownthebetter.Is

thisasignthatitistimetogetout?Attheveryleast,as

housepricesaroundtheworldclimbtoeverloftierheights,

andmoreandmorepeoplejumpontothebuy-to-letladder,it

istimetoexposesomeofthefallaciesregularlytrottedout

bysomanyself-appointedhousingexperts.

Onecommonerroristhathousepricesmustcontinuetorise

becauseofalimitedsupplyofland.Forinstance,itisargued

that"housepriceswillalwaysriseinLondonbecauselotsof

peoplewanttolivehere”.Butthisconfusesthelevelofprices

withtheirrateofchange.Homepricesareboundtobehigher

inbigcitiesbecauseoflandscarcity,butthisdoesnot

guaranteethaturbanhousepriceswillkeeprising

indefinitely-justlookatTokyo'shugeprice-dropssince1990.

And,thoughitistruethatafixedsupplyofhomesmaypush

uphousepricesifthepopulationisrising,thiswouldimply

asteadyriseinprices,notthe20%annualjumpsofrecentyears.

Asecondflawedargumentisthatlowinterestratesmakebuying

ahomecheaper,andsopushupdemandandprices.Lowerinterest

ratesmayhaveallowedsomepeople,whootherwisecouldnothave

affordedamortgage,tobuyahome.Butmanyborrowerswhothink

mortgagesarecheaperaresufferingfrommoneyillusion.

Interestratesarenotverylowinreal,inflation-adjusted

terms.Initialinterestpaymentsmayseemlowinrelationto

income,butbecauseinflationisalsolowitwillnoterodethe

realburdenofdebtasswiftlyasitoncedid.Soinlateryears

mortgagepaymentswillbemuchlargerinrealterms.Toargue

thatlownominalinterestratesmakebuyingahomecheaperis

likearguingthatacarloanpaidoffoverfouryearsischeaper

thanonerepaidovertwoyears.

FallacynumberthreeisafavouriteclaimofAlanGreenspan,

chairmanofAmerica5sFederalReserve.Thisisthatprice

bubblesarelesslikelyinhousingthaninthestockmarket

becausehighertransactioncostsdiscouragespeculation.In

fact,severalstudieshaveshownthatbothintheoryandin

practicebubblesaremorelikelyinhousingthaninshares.A

studybytheIMFfindsthatasharpriseinhousepricesisfar

more1ikelytobefollowedbyabustthanisashare-priceboom.

Theterm“fallacies”(Line6,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans

A.ridiculousstrategies

B.obsoletemethodologies

C.mistakenbeliefs

D.far-fetchedassertions

2、

Whatistherelationshipbetweentheopeningparagraphandthe

restofthetext?

A.Thedeadlysinsaresingledoutinthefirstparagraphand

thendeniedbytheauthorofthetext.

B.Ageneralizationismadeintheopeningparagraphand

elaboratedinthefollowingparagraphs.

C.Theunusualanecdotesarequotedinthefirstparagraphand

thenarticulatedinthefollowingparagraphs.

D.Ageneralizationisadvancedintheopeningparagraphand

refutedinthefollowingparagraphs.

3、

Theauthorofthetextmakesacomparisonin.

A.Paragraph4

B.concludingparagraph

C.Paragraph2

D.openingparagraph

4、

TheviewsofAlanGreenspanandtheauthorofthetextonprice

bubblesare.

A.complementary

B.identical

C.opposite

D.similar

5、

Towhichofthefollowingisauthorlikelytoagree?

A.Itistimetoillustratesomepopularfallaciesabout

buyingahome.

B.Somepopularflawedargumentsaboutbuyingahomeshould

bemadeknowntothepublicforthetimebeing.

C.Peopleshouldbepunctualinbusinessdealingsofshares

andhousing.

D.AlanGreenspan，sclaimcanholdwaterwithrespectto

fallacymemberthree.

6、Manycountrieshaveatraditionofinvitingforeignersto

rulethem.TheEnglishcalledinWilliamofOrangein1688,and,

dependingonyourinterpretationofhistory,Williamof

Normandyin1066.Bothdidratheragoodjob.Returningthe

compliment,Albaniaaskedawell-bredEnglishmancalled

AubgreyHerberttobetheirkinginthe1920s.Herefused-and

theyendedupwithseveralcovescalledZog.

America,thecountryofimmigrants,hasnotruckwithimported

foreigntalent.Articletwooftheconstitutionsaysthat”no

personexceptanatural-borncitizenshallbeeligibletothe

officeofthepresident”.Thisisnowbeingchallengedbya

particularlyirresistibleimmigrant:ArnoldSchwarzenegger.

Barelyayearhaspassedsincetheerstwhilecyborgsweptto

victoryinCalifornia，srecallelection,yetthereisalready

anAmend-for-Arno1dcampaigncollectingsignaturestoletthe

Austrian-borngovernorhaveagoattheWhiteHouse.GeorgeBush

seniorhasweighedinonhisbehalf.Thereareseveral"Arnold

amendments，zinCongress,oneallowsforeignerswhohavebeen

naturalizedcitizensfor20yearstobecomepresident.(The

AustrianbecameAmericanin1983).

Itiseasytodismissthehooplaasanotherregrettableexample

ofloopycelebritypolitics.Mr.Schwarzeneggerhasmadea

decentstartasgovernor,buthehasdonelittle,asyet,to

changethestructureofhisdysfunctionalstate.Indeed,even

ifthelawwerechanged,hecouldwellbeelbowedasideby

anotherincomer,thistimefromCanada,theDemocraticgovernor

ofMichigan,JenniferGranholm,whoappearstohavefewer

skeletonsinherclosetthanthehedonisticactor.

Moreover,changingtheAmericanconstitutionisnododdle.It

hashappenedonly17timessince1791(whenthefirstten

amendmentswerecodifiedasthebillofrights).Tochangethe

constitution,anamendmenthastobeapprovedbytwo-thirdsof

bothhousesofCongress,andthentoberatifiedby

three-quartersofthe50states.TheArnoldamendmentishardly

inthesamecategoryasabolishingslaveryorgivingwomenthe

vote.And,assomewagspointout,Austrianimportshavea

prettydodgyrecordofrunningmilitarysuperpowers.

Theauthorofthetextmakesacontrastin.

A.ParagraphIIIandParagraphIV

B.theopeningparagraph

C.ParagraphtandParagraphII

D.theconcludingparagraph

7、

Thephrase“hasnotruckwith”(Line1,Paragraph2)most

probablymeans.

A.lacksmeansoftransportationfor

B.neverdiscriminate

C.havenovehicleto

D.refusestoconsider

8、

ComparedwithJenniferGranholm,Mr.Schwarzeneggerisat

disadvantagedueto.

A.moreembarrassingsecrets

B.previousactorbackground

C.excessivegarmentdecoration

D.lessslenderfigure

9、

Theword"cyborg”(Line1,Paragraph3)mostprobablyrefers

to.

A.AubgreyHerbert

B.GeorgeBushsenior

C.WilliamofOrange

D.ArnoldSchwarzenegger

10、

Itcanbeinferredfromtheconcludingparagraphthat.

A.theAmericanconstitutionischangeableandfallsintoa

viciouscycle

B.thereisafaintchancethatlegaladjustmentsaremadefor

Arnoldrunning

C.abolishingslaveryandgrantingwomenthevotegivenan

impetustoArnoldrunning

D.bothhousesofCongressholdwhetherhedeservestowinis

anothermatter

11、Apairofdice,rolledagainandagain,willeventually

producetwosixes.Similarly,thevirusthatcausesinfluenza

isconstantlychangingatrandomand,oneday,willmutatein

awaythatwillenableittoinfectbillionsofpeople,andto

killmillions.Manyexpertsnowbelieveaglobaloutbreakof

pandemicfluisoverdue,andthatthenextonecouldbeasbad

astheonein1918,whichkilledsomewherebetween25mand50m

people.Todayhowever,advancesinmedicineofferrealhope

thatanothersuchoutbreakcanbecontained—ifgovernments

startpreparingnow.

Newresearchpublishedthisweeksuggeststhatarelatively

smallstockpileofanantiviraldrug—aslittleas3m

doses—couldbeenoughtolimitsharplyaflupandemicifthe

drugsweredeployedquicklytopeopleintheareasurrounding

theinitialoutbreak.Thedrug,smanufacturer,Roche,is

talkingtotheWorldHealthOrganisationaboutdonatingsuch

astockpile.

Thisisgoodnews.Butmuchmoreneedstobedone,especially

withanastystrainofavianfluspreadinginAsiawhichcould

mutateintoathreattohumans.SincetheSARSoutbreakin2022

afewcountrieshavedevelopedplansinpreparationforsimilar

episodes.Butprogresshasbeenshamefullypatchy,andthere

isstillfartoolittleinternationalcoordination.

Aglobalstockpileofdrugsalonewouldnotbemuchusewithout

anadequatesystemofsurveillancetoidentifyearlycasesand

awayofdeliveringtreatmentquickly,Ifanoutbreakoccurred

inaborderregion,forexample,aswiftresponsewouldmost

1ikelydependonprioragreementsbetweendifferentcountries

aboutquarantineandcontainment.

Reachingsuchagreementsisrarelyeasy,butthatmakesthetask

allthemoreurgent,Richcountriestendtobebetterprepared

thanpoorones,butthisshouldbenoconsolationtothem.Flu

doesnotrespectborders.Itisineveryone'sinteresttomake

surethatdevelopingcountries,especiallyinAsia,arealso

wellprepared.Manymaybridleatinterferencefromoutside.

Butifrichernationswerewillingtodonateanti-viraldrugs

andguaranteeasupplyofanyvaccinethatbecomesavailable,

poorernationsmightbewillingtoreachagreementsover

surveillanceandpreparedness.

Simplysortingoutafewdetailsnowwillhavelives(and

recriminations)later.Willtherebeenoughventilators,makes

anddrugs?Wherewillpeoplebetreatedifthehospitals

overflow?Willfoodbedeliveredasnormal?Toomanycountries

havenoanswerstothesequestions.

Theword"contained”(Line6,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans

A.checked

B.duplicated

C.included

D.forecast

12、

Accordingtothetext,itisupsettingthat.

A.theflu-catchingismorepervasivetheworldover

B.thecauseofinitialoutbreakhasnotbeenidentified

C.globalco-ordinationisyettowel1develop

D.peoplestillhavenoanswersconcerningsurveillanceand

containment

13、

Thespeedofremedydispatchisofimportanceto.

A.therecoveryoftheinfectedpatient

B.thetreatmentoftheailingsufferer

C.thepreventionofaflupandemic

D.theefficiencyoflargesupplyofdrugs

14、

Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingsisnotreadily

made.

A.publicationsofnewresearchwithrespecttothesupplyof

theinterferencefromoutside

B.constructionofanadequatesystemofsurveillanceofearly

influenzacases

C.availabilityofanti-viraldrugsandanyvaccinein

underdevelopednations

D.contractsbetweenvariousnationsconcerningquarantine

andcontainment

15、

Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe.

A.TheWorldMustPrepareforPandemicInfluenza

B.SimilarEpisodesofInitialOutbreakAreAlwaysEvasiveto

Laymen

C.TheGovernmentShouldTakeLeadinthePreventionof

PandemicInfluenza

D.TheWorldHealthOrganizationMustAuthorizetheRelevant

RescueSystemasIsDiscussedintheText.

16、Companieshaveembarkedonwhatlookslikethebeginnings

ofare-runofthemergersandacquisitions(MA)wavethat

definedthesecondbubblyhalfofthe1990s.Thatperiod,

readersmightrecall,wascharacterizedbyacollectivesplurge

thatsawthecreationofsomeofthemostindebtedcompanies

inhistory,manyofwhichlaterwentbankruptorwerethemselves

0---------￡

上17

brokenup.Wildbiddingfortelecoms,internetandmediaassets,

nottomentionthemadnessthatwasDaimler，s$40billion

motoringtakeoverin1998—1999ofChryslerorthe

Time-Warner/AOLmega-mergerin2000,helpedtogivemergersa

thoroughlybadname.AconsensusemergedthatMAwasagreat

wayforinvestmentbankstoreaprichfees,andasurewayfor

ambitiousmanagerstobetrayinvestorsbytrashingthevalue

oftheirshares.

NowMAisback.Itsreturnisaglobalphenomenon,butitis

perhapsmoststrikinginEurope,wheresofarthisyearthere

hasbeenastreamofdealsworthmorethan$600billionintotal,

around40%higherthaninthesameperiodof2022.Thelatest

effortcamethisweekwhenFrance，sSaint-Gobain,a

building-materialsfirm,unveiledthedetailsofits￡3.6

billion($6.5billion)hostilebidforBPB,aBritishrival.

Inthefirsthalfoftheyear,cross-borderactivitywasup

threefoldoverthesameperiodlastyear.EvenFranceTelecom,

whichwasleftalmostbankruptattheendofthelastmerger

wave,recentlyboughtAmena,aSpanishmobileoperator.

Shareholder，sapprovalofallthesedealsraisesaninteresting

questionforcompanieseverywhere,areinvestorsrighttothink

thatthesemergersaremorelikelytosucceedthanearlierones?

Therearetwoanswers.Thefirstisthatpastmergersmayhave

beenjudgedtooharshly.Thesecondisthatthepresentrash

ofEuropeandealsdoeslookmorerational,but一andthecaveat

iscrucial—onlysofar.Thepatternmaynothold.

MA'spoorreputationstemsnotonlyfromthestringof

spectacularfailuresinthe1990s,butalsofromstudiesthat

showedvaluedestructionforacquiringshareholdersin80%of

deals.Butmorerecentstudiesbyeconomistshaveintroduced

anoteofcaution.Investorsshouldlookatthenumberofdeals

thatsucceedorfail(typicallymeasuredbytheimpactonthe

shareprice),ratherthan(asyoumightthink)weighingthem

bysize.Forexample,noonedoubtsthattheDaimler-Chrysler

mergerdestroyedvalue.Thecombinedmarketvalueofthetwo

firmsisstillbelowthatofDaimleralonebeforethedeal.This

singledealaccountedforhalfofallGermanMAactivityby

valuein1998and1999,andprobablydominatedpeople's

thinkingaboutmergerstothesamedegree.Throwinafewother

suchmonstersanditisnowonderthatbroadstudieshavetended

tofindthatmergersareabadidea.Thetruepictureismore

complicated.

Accordingtothetext,acollectiveopiniononthemergersand

acquisitionsalsoconcentrateson.

A.economicrecession

B.valuedestruction

C.potentialhazards

D.assetproposition

17、

Thepatterninthethirdparagraphmostprobablydenotes

A.thestrikingnecessityofEuropeancaveat

B.thecomplicateddocumentscombinedmarkets

C.theglobalphenomenonofthecrazeofwildbiddingformedia

assets

D.theseemingrationalityofthelastestcycleofEuropean

mergers

18、

ThecaseofDaimler-Chryslerisemployedinthetextas.

A.anillustrationofanevaluationcriterion

B.anexplanationofaspectacularfailure

C.adiscussionofamobileoperator

D.aguaranteeofaharshjudgement

19、

Theconclusionreachedbygeneralresearchesisthatmergers

arenot.

A.avaluabledemonstration

B.awiseplan

C.aninvisiblepitfail

D.aworstdepravity

20、

Accordingtothetext,theauthorwouldagreethat.

A.MA'spoorreputationdeservesathoroughanalysisby

telecomsandinternet

B.thetypicalnoteofcautionisalwaysoverlookedinterms

ofcontroversialdebate

C.thelatestcycleofEuropeanmergerswillnotproduce

betterresults

D.theunveilingofhostilebidinEuropewillhelprelieve

enterprisesoftheirfinancialdilemma

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutbeingabetterfriend,

followedbyalistofimportantways.Choosethebestwayfrom

thelistA—Fforeachnumberedsubheading(41—45).Thereis

oneextrawaywhichyoudonotneedtouse.

Backwhenwewerekids,thehoursspentwithfriendsweretoo

numeroustocount.Thereweremarathontelephoneconversations,

all-nightstudyingandgigglingsessions.Evenafter

boyfriendsenteredthepicture,ourbestfriendsremained

irreplaceable.Andtimewasthemeansbywhichwenurturedthose

friendships.Nowasadultwomenweneverseemtohaveenough

timeforanything.Husbands,kids,careersandavocations一all

requireattention;toooften,makingtimeforourfriendscomes

lastonthelistofpriorities.Andyet,ironically,weneed

ourfriendsasmuchaseverinadulthood.Afriendshipnetwork

isabsolutelycrucialforourwell-beingasadults.Wehaveto

dothehardworkofbuildingandsustainingthenetwork.Here

aresomeimportantwaysforaccomplishingthis.

Letgoofyourlesscentralfriendships.

Manyofourfriendshipswerenevermeanttolastalifetime.

It'snaturalthatsomefriendshipshavetimelimits.

Furthermore,noweveryonehasabusysocialcalendar,sopull

backfromsomepeoplethatyoudon，treallywanttodrawclose

toandgivethemostpromisingfriendshipafairchancetogrow.

(41)Bewillingto“dropeverything"whenyou'retrulyneeded.

Youmaygetacallfromafriendwhoisreallydepressedover

acertainproblemwhenyouarejustsittingdowntoenjoya

romanticdinnerwithyourhusband.Thisisjustoneofthose

instanceswhenafriend'sneedsmatteredmore.

(42)Takeadvantageofthemails.

Nearlyallofushavepalslivingfaraway—friendswemissvery

much.Giventhelimitedtimeavailableforvisitsandthehigh

priceofphonecalls,writingisafinewaytokeepintouch—and

makesbothsenderandreceiverfeelgood.

(43)Riskexpressingnegativefeelings.

Whentimetogetheristoughtocomeby,it'snaturaltowant

themoodduringthattimetobeupbeat.Andmanypeoplefear

thatotherswillthinklessofyouifyouexpressthenegative

feelingslikeangerandhurt.

(44)Don'tmakeyourfriends，problemsyourown.

Sharingyourfriend'sgriefisthewayyoushowdeepfriendship.

Neverunderestimatethevalueofloyalty.

Loyaltyhasalwaysbeenratedasoneofthemostdesired

qualitiesinfriends.Trueloyaltycanbeafairlysubtlething.

Somepeoplefeelitmeansthat,nomatterwhat,yourfriendwill

alwaystakeyourside.Butrealloyaltyisbeingacceptingthe

person,notnecessarilyofcertainactionsyourfriendmight

take.

(45)Givethegiftoftimeasoftenastimeallows.

Timeiswhatwedon'thavenearlyenoughof,andyet,armedwith

alittleingenuity,wecanmakeittogiveittoourfriends.

Thelastbutnottheleastthingtokeepafriendshipaliveis

tosaytoyourfriends"Imissyouandloveyou”.Sayingthat

attheendofaphoneconversation,oravisit,orwritingit

onabirthdaycard,cansustainyourfriendshipforthetimes

youaren'ttogether.

A.Buttakingonyourfriend'spaindoesn'tmakethatpaingo

away.There'sabigdifferencebetweenempathyorrecognizing

afriend'spain,andoveridentification,whichmakesthe

suffererfeelevenweaker."ImustbeinworsepainthanIeven

thought,becausethepersonI'mconfidinginissufferingso

much!”Remembertroubledpeoplejustneedtheirfriendstostay

groundedintheirownfeelings.

B.Rememberhonestyisthekeytokeepingafriendshipreal.

Sharingyourpainwillactuallydeepenafriendship.

C.Besides,letters,cardsandpostcardshavethevirtueof

beingtangible-friendsca

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、