行星齒輪中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

行星齒輪中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)行星齒輪中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)

原文：PlanetaryGearsIntroductionTheTamiyaplanetarygearboxisdrivenbyasmallDCmotorthatrunsatabout10,500rpmon3.0VDCanddrawsabout1.0A.Themaximumspeedratiois1:400,givinganoutputspeedofabout26rpm.Fourplanetarystagesaresuppliedwiththegearbox,two1:4andtwo1:5,andanycombinationcanbeselected.Notonlyisthisagooddriveforsmallmechanicalapplications,itprovidesanexcellentreviewofepicyclegeartrains.Thegearboxisaverywell-designedplastickitthatcanbeassembledinaboutanhourwithveryfewtools.ThesourceforthekitisgivenintheReferences.Let'sbeginbyreviewingthefundamentalsofgearing,andthetrickofanalyzingepicyclicgeartrains.EpicyclicGearTrainsApairofspurgearsisrepresentedinthediagrambytheirpitchcircles,whicharetangentatthepitchpointP.Themeshinggearteethextendbeyondthepitchcirclebytheaddendum,andthespacesbetweenthemhaveadepthbeneaththepitchcirclebythededendum.Iftheradiiofthepitchcirclesareaandb,thedistancebetweenthegearshaftsisa+b.Intheactionofthegears,thepitchcirclesrollononeanotherwithoutslipping.Toensurethis,thegearteethmusthaveapropershapesothatwhenthedrivinggearmovesuniformly,sodoesthedrivengear.Thismeansthatthelineofpressure,normaltothetoothprofilesincontact,passesthroughthepitchpoint.Then,thetransmissionofpowerwillbefreeofvibrationandhighspeedsarepossible.Wewon'ttalkfurtheraboutgearteethhere,havingstatedthisfundamentalprincipleofgearing.IfagearofpitchradiusahasNteeth,thenthedistancebetweencorrespondingpointsonsuccessiveteethwillbe2πa/N,aquantitycalledthecircularpitch.Iftwogearsaretomate,thecircularpitchesmustbethesame.Thepitchisusuallystatedastheration2a/N,calledthediametralpitch.Ifyoucountthenumberofteethonagear,thenthepitchdiameteristhenumberofteethtimesthediametralpitch.Ifyouknowthepitchdiametersoftwogears,thenyoucanspecifythedistancebetweentheshafts.Thevelocityratiorofapairofgearsistheratiooftheangularvelocityofthedrivengeartotheangularvelocityofthedrivinggear.Bytheconditionofrollingofpitchcircles,r=-a/b=-N1/N2,sincepitchradiiareproportionaltothenumberofteeth.Theangularvelocitynofthegearsmaybegiveninradians/sec,revolutionsperminute(rpm),oranysimilarunits.Ifwetakeonedirectionofrotationaspositive,thentheotherdirectionisnegative.Thisisthereasonforthe(-)signintheaboveexpression.Ifoneofthegearsisinternal(havingteethonitsinnerrim),thenthevelocityratioispositive,sincethegearswillrotateinthesamedirection.Theusualinvolutegearshaveatoothshapethatistolerantofvariationsinthedistancebetweentheaxes,sothegearswillrunsmoothlyifthisdistanceisnotquitecorrect.Thevelocityratioofthegearsdoesnotdependontheexactspacingoftheaxes,butisfixedbythenumberofteeth,orwhatisthesamething,bythepitchdiameters.Slightlyincreasingthedistanceaboveitstheoreticalvaluemakesthegearsruneasier,sincetheclearancesarelarger.Ontheotherhand,backlashisalsoincreased,whichmaynotbedesiredinsomeapplications.Anepicyclicgeartrainhasgearshaftsmountedonamovingarmorcarrierthatcanrotateabouttheaxis,aswellasthegearsthemselves.Thearmcanbeaninputelement,oranoutputelement,andcanbeheldfixedorallowedtorotate.Theoutergearistheringgearorannulus.Asimplebutverycommonepicyclictrainisthesun-and-planetepicyclictrain,showninthefigureattheleft.Threeplanetarygearsareusedformechanicalreasons;theymaybeconsideredasoneindescribingtheactionofthegearing.Thesungear,thearm,ortheringgearmaybeinputoroutputlinks.Ifthearmisfixed,sothatitcannotrotate,wehaveasimpletrainofthreegears.Then,n2/n1=-N1/N2,n3/n2=+N2/N3,andn3/n1=-N1/N3.Thisisverysimple,andshouldnotbeconfusing.Ifthearmisallowedtomove,figuringoutthevelocityratiostaxesthehumanintellect.Attemptingthiswillshowthetruthofthestatement;ifyoucanmanageit,youdeservepraiseandfame.Itisbynomeansimpossible,justinvoved.However,thereisaveryeasywaytogetthedesiredresult.First,justconsiderthegeartrainlocked,soitmovesasarigidbody,armandall.Allthreegearsandthearmthenhaveaunityvelocityratio.Thetrickisthatanymotionofthegeartraincancarriedoutbyfirstholdingthearmfixedandrotatingthegearsrelativetooneanother,andthenlockingthetrainandrotatingitaboutthefixedaxis.Thenetmotionisthesumordifferenceofmultiplesofthetwoseparatemotionsthatsatisfiestheconditionsoftheproblem(usuallythatoneelementisheldfixed).Tocarryoutthisprogram,constructatableinwhichtheangularvelocitiesofthegearsandarmarelistedforeach,foreachofthetwocases.Thelockedtraingives1,1,1,1forarm,gear1,gear2andgear3.Armfixedgives0,1,-N1/N2,-N1/N3.Supposewewantthevelocityrationbetweenthearmandgear1,whengear3isfixed.Multiplythefirstrowbyaconstantsothatwhenitisaddedtothesecondrow,thevelocityofgear3willbezero.ThisconstantisN1/N3.Now,doingonedisplacementandthentheothercorrespondstoaddingthetworows.WefindN1/N3,1+N1/N3,N1/N3-N1/N2.Thefirstnumberisthearmvelocity,thesecondthevelocityofgear1,sothevelocityratiobetweenthemisN1/(N1+N3),aftermultiplyingthroughbyN3.ThisisthevelocityratioweneedfortheTamiyagearbox,wheretheringgeardoesnotrotate,thesungearistheinput,andthearmistheoutput.Theprocedureisgeneral,however,andwillworkforanyepicyclictrain.OneoftheTamiyaplanetarygearassemblieshasN1=N2=16,N3=48,whiletheotherhasN1=12,N2=18,N3=48.Becausetheplanetarygearsmustfitbetweenthesunandringgears,theconditionN3=N1+2N2mustbesatisfied.Itisindeedsatisfiedforthenumbersofteethgiven.Thevelocityratioofthefirstsetwillbe16/(48+16)=1/4.Thevelocityratioofthesecondsetwillbe12/(48+12)=1/5.Bothratiosareasadvertised.Notethatthesungearandarmwillrotateinthesamedirection.Thebestgeneralmethodforsolvingepicyclicgeartrainsisthetabularmethod,sinceitdoesnotcontainhiddenassumptionslikeformulas,norrequiretheworkofthevectormethod.Thefirststepistoisolatetheepicyclictrain,separatingthegeartrainsforinputsandoutputsfromit.Findtheinputspeedsorturns,usingtheinputgeartrains.Thereare,ingeneral,twoinputs,oneofwhichmaybezeroinsimpleproblems.Nowpreparetworowsofthetableofturnsorangularvelocities.Thefirstrowcorrespondstorotatingaroundtheepicyclicaxisonce,andconsistsofall1's.Writedownthesecondrowassumingthatthearmvelocityiszero,usingtheknowngearratios.Therowthatyouwantisalinearcombinationofthesetworows,withunknownmultipliersxandy.Summingtheentriesfortheinputgearsgivestwosimultaneouslinearequationsforxandyintermsoftheknowninputvelocities.Nowthesumofthetworowsmultipliedbytheirrespectivemultipliersgivesthespeedsofallthegearsofinterest.Finally,findtheoutputspeedwiththeaidoftheoutputgeartrain.Becarefultogetthedirectionsofrotationcorrect,withrespecttoadirectiontakenaspositive.TheTamiyaGearboxKitThepartsarebestcutfromthesprueswithaflush-cutterofthetypeusedinelectronics.TheverysmallbitsofplasticremainingcanthenberemovedwithasharpX-actoknife.Carefullyremoveallexcessplastic,astheinstructionssay.Readtheinstructionscarefullyandmakesurethatthingsaretherightwayupandinthecorrectrelativepositons.Thegearboxunitsgotogethereasilywithlightpressure.Notethatthebrownonesmustgotogetherinthecorrectrelativeorientation.The4mmwashersaretheonesofwhichtwoaresupplied,andthereisalsoafull-sizedrawingofoneintheinstructions.Thesmallerwasherswillnotfitovertheshaft,anyway.Theoutputshaftismetal.Uselargerlong-noseplierstopresstheE-ringintopositioninitsgrooveinfrontofthewasher.Thereisapictureshowinghowtodothis.TherewasanextraE-ringinmykit.Thethreeprongsfitintothecarriersfortheplanetarygears,andaredrivenbythem.Nowstackupthegearboxunitsasdesired.Iusedallfour,beingsuretoputa1:5unitontheendnexttothemotor.Therefore,Ineededthelongscrews.Presstheorangesungearforthelast1:5unitfirmlyonthemotorshaftasfarasitwillgo.Ifitisnotwell-seated,themotorclipwillnotclose.Itmightbeagoodideatoputsomelubricantonthisgearfromthetubeincludedwiththekit.Ifyouuseadifferentlubricant,testitfirstonapieceofplasticfromthekittomakesurethatitiscompatible.Adrygraphitelubricantwouldalsoworkquitewell.Thisshouldspreadlubricantonallpartsofthelastunit,whichistheonesubjecttothehighestspeeds.Putthemotorinplace,gentlybutfirmly,wigglingitsothatthesungearmeshes.Ifthesungearisnotmeshed,themotorclipwillnotclose.Nowputthemotorterminalsinaverticalcolumn,andpressonthemotorclamp.Thereverseoftheinstructionsshowhowtoattachthedrivearmandgivessomehintsonuseofthegearbox.Igotanextraspringpin,andtwoextra3mmwashers.Ifyouhavesomesmallwashers,theycanbeusedonthemachinescrewsholdingthegearboxtogether.Enoughtorqueisproducedattheoutputtodamagethings(upto6kg-cm),somakesuretheoutputarmcanrotatefreely.IusedastandardlaboratoryDCsupplywithvariablevoltageandcurrentlimiting,butdrycellscouldbeusedaswell.Thecurrentdrainof1AishighevenforDcells,soapowersupplyisindicatedforserioususe.Theinstructionssaynottoexceed4.5V,whichisgoodadvice.With400:1reduction,themotorshouldrunfreelywhatevertheoutputload.Mygearboxranwellthefirsttimeitwastested.Itimedtheoutputrevolutionswithastopwatch,andfound47sfor20revolutions,or25.5rpm.Thiscorrespondsto10,200rpmatthemotor,whichisclosetospecifications.Itwouldbeeasytoconnectanothergearboxinserieswiththisone(partsareincludedtomakethispossible),andgetabout4revolutionsperhour.Stillanothergearboxwouldproduceaboutonerevolutioninfourdays.Thisisanexcellentkit,andIrecommendithighly.OtherEpicyclicTrainsAveryfamousepicyclicchainistheWattsun-and-planetgear,patentedin1781asanalternativetothecrankforconvertingthereciprocatingmotionofasteamengineintorotarymotion.ItwasinventedbyWilliamMurdoch.Thecrank,atthattime,hadbeenpatentedandWattdidnotwanttopayroyalties.Anincidentaladvantagewasa1:2increaseintherotativespeedoftheoutput.However,itwasmoreexpensivethanacrank,andwasseldomusedafterthecrankpatentexpired.WatchtheanimationonWikipedia.Theinputisthearm,whichcarriestheplanetgearwheelmatingwiththesungearwheelofequalsize.Theplanetwheelispreventedfromrotatingbybeingfastenedtotheconnectingrod.Itoscillatesalittle,butalwaysreturnstothesameplaceoneveryrevolution.Usingthetabularmethodexplainedabove,thefirstlineis1,1,1wherethefirstnumberreferstothearm,thesecondtotheplanetgear,andthethirdtothesungear.Thesecondlineis0,-1,1,wherewehaverotatedtheplanetoneturnanticlockwise.Adding,weget1,0,2,whichmeansthatonerevolutionofthearm(onedoublestrokeoftheengine)givestworevolutionsofthesungear.Wecanusethesun-and-planetgeartoillustrateanothermethodforanalyzingepicyclicaltrainsinwhichweusevelocities.Thismethodmaybemoresatisfyingthanthetabularmethodandshowmoreclearlyhowthetrainworks.Inthediagramattheright,AandOarethecentresoftheplanetandsungears,respectively.ArotatesaboutOwithangularvelocityω1,whichweassumeclockwise.Atthepositionshown,thisgivesAavelocity2ω1upward,asshown.Nowtheplanetgeardoesnotrotate,soallpointsinitmovewiththesamevelocityasA.ThisincludesthepitchpointP,whichisalsoapointinthesungear,whichrotatesaboutthefixedaxisOwithangularvelocityω2.Therefore,ω2=2ω1,thesameresultaswiththetabularmethod.Thediagramattheleftshowshowthevelocitymethodisappliedtotheplanetarygearsettreatedabove.Thesunandplanetgearsareassumedtobethesamediameter(2units).Theringgearisthenofdiameter6.Letusassumethesungearisfixed,sothatthepitchpointPisalsofixed.ThevelocityofpointAistwicetheangularvelocityofthearm.SincePisfixed,P'mustmoveattwicethevelocityofA,orfourtimesthevelocityofthearm.However,thevelocityofP'isthreetimestheangularvelocityoftheringgearaswell,sothat3ωr=4ωa.Ifthearmistheinput,thevelocityratioisthen3:4,whileiftheringistheinput,thevelocityratiois4:3.Athree-speedbicyclehubmaycontaintwooftheseepicyclicaltrains,withtheringgearsconnected(actually,commontothetwotrains).Theinputfromtherearsprocketistothearmofonetrain,whiletheoutputtothehubisfromthearmofthesecondtrain.Itispossibletolockoneorbothofthesungearstotheaxle,orelsetolockthesungeartothearmandfreeoftheaxle,sothatthetraingivesa1:1ratio.Thethreegearsare:high,3:4,outputtrainlocked;middle,1:1,bothtrainslocked,andlow,4:3inputtrainlocked.Ofcourse,thisisjustonepossibility,andmanydifferentvariablehubshavebeenmanufactured.TheplanetaryvariablehubwasintroducedbySturmey-Archerin1903.ThepopularAWhubhadtheratiosmentionedhere.Chainhoistsmayuseepicyclicaltrains.Theringgearisstationary,partofthemainhousing.Theinputistothesungear,theoutputfromtheplanetcarrier.Thesunandplanetgearshaveverydifferentdiameters,toobtainalargereductionratio.TheModelTFord(1908-1927)usedarevertedepicyclictransmissioninwhichbrakebandsappliedtotheshaftscarryingsungearsselectedthegearratio.Thelowgearratiowas11:4forward,whilethereversegearratiowas-4:1.Thehighgearwas1:1.Revertedmeansthatthegearsontheplanetcarriershaftdroveothergearsonshaftsconcentricwiththemainshaft,wherethebrakebandswereapplied.Thefloorcontrolswerethreepedals:low-neutral-high,reverse,transmissionbrake.Thehandbrakeappliedstoppedtheleft-handpedalatneutral.Thesparkadvanceandthrottlewereonthesteeringcolumn.Theautomotivedifferential,illustratedattheright,isabevel-gearepicyclictrain.Thepiniondrivestheringgear(crownwheel)whichrotatesfreely,carryingtheidlergears.Onlyoneidlerisnecessary,butmorethanonegivesbettersymmetry.Theringgearcorrespondstotheplanetcarrier,andtheidlergearstotheplanetgears,oftheusualepicyclicchain.Theidlergearsdrivethesidegearsonthehalf-axles,whichcorrespondtothesunandringgears,andaretheoutputgears.Whenthetwohalf-axlesrevolveatthesamespeed,theidlersdonotrevolve.Whenthehalf-axlesmoveatdifferentspeeds,theidlersrevolve.Thedifferentialappliesequaltorquetothesidegears(theyaredrivenatequaldistancesbytheidlers)whileallowingthemtorotateatdifferentspeeds.Ifonewheelslips,itrotatesatdoublespeedwhiletheotherwheeldoesnotrotate.Thesame(small)torqueis,nevertheless,appliedtobothwheels.Thetabularmethodiseasilyusedtoanalyzetheangularvelocities.Rotatingthechainasawholegives1,0,1,1forring,idler,leftandrightsidegears.Holdingtheringfixedgives0,1,1,-1.Iftherightsidegearisheldfixedandtheringmakesonerotation,wesimplyaddtoget1,1,2,0,whichsaysthattheleftsidegearmakestworevolutions.Thevelocitymethodcanalsobeused,ofcourse.Consideringthe(equal)forcesexertedonthesidegearsbytheidlergearsshowsthatthetorqueswillbeequal.ReferencesTamiyaPlanetaryGearboxSet,Item72001-1400.EdmundScientific,CatalogNo.C029D,itemD30524-08($19.95).C.Carmichael,ed.,Kent'sMechanicalEngineer'sHandbook,12thed.(NewYork:JohnWileyandSons,1950).DesignandProductionVolume,p.14-49to14-43.V.L.Doughtie,ElementsofMechanism,6thed.(NewYork:JohnWileyandSons,1947).pp.299-311.Epicyclicgear.Wikipediaarticleonepicyclictrains.Sunandplanetgear.Includesananimation.行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)介T(mén)amiya行星輪變速箱由一個(gè)約10500r/min,3.0V，1.0A的直流電機(jī)運(yùn)行。最大傳動(dòng)比1:400，輸出速度為26r/min。四級(jí)行星輪變速箱由兩個(gè)1:4和兩個(gè)1:5的傳動(dòng)級(jí)組成，并可以任意選擇組合。對(duì)于小的機(jī)械應(yīng)用程序這不僅是一個(gè)良好的驅(qū)動(dòng)器，而且還提供了一個(gè)出色檢驗(yàn)的行星齒輪系。這種齒輪變速箱是一種設(shè)計(jì)非常精心的塑料套件，可在約一個(gè)小時(shí)用很少的工具裝配完成。參考文獻(xiàn)中給出了裝備資料。下面讓我們來(lái)開(kāi)始檢驗(yàn)齒輪傳動(dòng)裝置的基本原理和分析行星輪系的技巧。行星輪系一對(duì)直齒圓柱齒輪的由節(jié)圓表示在圖表中，它們相切與節(jié)點(diǎn)P點(diǎn)，嚙合齒輪的輪齒齒頂超出了節(jié)圓半徑，在節(jié)圓與齒齒頂之間有一齒頂間隙，。若節(jié)圓半徑分別為a和b，齒輪軸之間的距離就是a+b。為了確保齒輪傳動(dòng)中，一個(gè)節(jié)圓在另一個(gè)節(jié)圓上沒(méi)有滑動(dòng)，必須得有適當(dāng)?shù)男螤畲_保從動(dòng)輪與主動(dòng)輪的運(yùn)動(dòng)一致。這就意味著接觸線以正常接觸齒廓的形式通過(guò)節(jié)點(diǎn)。這時(shí)，動(dòng)力傳遞脫離高速震動(dòng)達(dá)到可能。在這里我們不會(huì)進(jìn)一步談?wù)擙X輪輪齒，以及上述有提到的傳動(dòng)裝置的基本原理。如果一個(gè)齒輪節(jié)圓半徑上有N個(gè)齒，這時(shí)在兩個(gè)連續(xù)的齒間的距離，我們稱的齒間距將會(huì)是2πa/N。如果兩個(gè)齒輪相嚙合，他們之間的齒距必須是相同的。他們之間的節(jié)距通常以2a/N來(lái)表示，我們稱為模數(shù)。如果你計(jì)算一個(gè)齒輪的齒數(shù)，這時(shí)節(jié)圓直徑的大小是模數(shù)的倍數(shù)，而倍數(shù)則是齒數(shù)。如果你知道兩個(gè)齒輪的節(jié)圓直徑，那么你就能夠得出兩齒輪軸之間的距離。一對(duì)齒輪的傳動(dòng)比r驅(qū)動(dòng)輪與從動(dòng)輪之間的角速度之比。因?yàn)榉侄葓A之間旋轉(zhuǎn)方向的限制條件，r=-a/b=-N1/N2,，因此它們之間的節(jié)圓半徑比與齒數(shù)成正比。齒輪角速度n可以用轉(zhuǎn)/秒，轉(zhuǎn)/分，或者任何類似的單位表示。如果以一齒輪的旋轉(zhuǎn)方向?yàn)檎?，此時(shí)另外一個(gè)的方向則為負(fù)。這就是上面的表達(dá)式中的(-)標(biāo)志的由于原因。如果其中一個(gè)是內(nèi)齒（齒在齒圈內(nèi)部），這時(shí)傳動(dòng)比為正，因此它們的傳動(dòng)方向一致。常用漸開(kāi)線齒輪的牙形能夠允許軸線之間一定的變位，所以即使它們之間的距離不是很精確也能夠順利的運(yùn)行。齒輪的傳動(dòng)比并不依賴于該軸的精確的間距，而是輪齒或者節(jié)圓諸如此類之間的安裝。稍微增加高于其理論值的距離，能夠使運(yùn)行更容易。因?yàn)槠溆蜗遁^大的齒輪，在另一方面齒隙也增加，它可能不是我們?cè)谀承?yīng)用上所希望的。一個(gè)行星輪系包含了固定在齒輪軸上的轉(zhuǎn)臂和行星架以及齒輪和旋轉(zhuǎn)的齒輪軸。一個(gè)移動(dòng)的手臂或承運(yùn)人的有關(guān)該的軸以及齒輪自己可以旋轉(zhuǎn)的齒輪軸。轉(zhuǎn)臂可以是一個(gè)輸入或輸出構(gòu)件而且可被固定固定或可旋轉(zhuǎn)。最外面的齒輪為內(nèi)齒輪。一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單常見(jiàn)的行星輪是如左圖所示的太陽(yáng)-行星輪系。這是三個(gè)行星齒輪輪系用于機(jī)械領(lǐng)域的原因；他們可能被認(rèn)為是在描述該傳動(dòng)裝置的操作之一。太陽(yáng)輪、轉(zhuǎn)臂或內(nèi)齒輪可能成為輸入或輸出的鏈接。如果轉(zhuǎn)臂被固定，就不能旋轉(zhuǎn)，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的三行星輪輪系嗎有n2/n1=-N1/N2，n3/n2=+N2/N3，和n3/n1=-N1/N3。這是非常簡(jiǎn)單，不應(yīng)令人困惑。如果轉(zhuǎn)臂允許移動(dòng)，算出速度比彰顯出了人類的智慧。嘗試這將顯示該陳述的真實(shí)性；如果你能做到，你應(yīng)得到贊揚(yáng)和聲譽(yù)。這并不意味這將不可能，只是比較復(fù)雜罷了。不過(guò)，有一個(gè)非常簡(jiǎn)單的方法獲得所需的結(jié)果。首先，把這輪系假定認(rèn)為是鎖定的，因此把轉(zhuǎn)臂和所有的作為剛體、。所有的三個(gè)齒輪和手臂然后有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的速度比。行星齒輪任何運(yùn)動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)是可以被第一個(gè)固定支撐轉(zhuǎn)臂和相對(duì)于另外一個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)的齒輪實(shí)現(xiàn)，然后鎖定輪系并關(guān)于固定的軸旋轉(zhuǎn)。凈運(yùn)動(dòng)總和或兩個(gè)不同的獨(dú)立的分離運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)滿足這問(wèn)題的條件（通常一個(gè)構(gòu)件被固定）。若要進(jìn)行此程序，構(gòu)造的齒輪和轉(zhuǎn)臂臂的角速度列出兩例的每個(gè)表。鎖定的輪系給定的N1,N2,N3為齒輪1、齒輪2和齒輪3。固定轉(zhuǎn)臂為0，1，-N1/N2，-N1/N3。假定我們想知道齒輪1與轉(zhuǎn)臂之間的傳動(dòng)比,當(dāng)齒輪3固定時(shí)，輪1時(shí)齒輪3固定的。第一行乘以常量中，以便在添加第二行時(shí)，齒輪3的速度將為零。此常量為N1/N3?，F(xiàn)在，做一個(gè)位移，然后另對(duì)應(yīng)于添加這兩行。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)N1/N3，1+N1/N3，N1/N3-N1/N2。第一個(gè)數(shù)字是揮臂速度，第二個(gè)數(shù)字是齒輪1的速度，因此，它們之間的速度比是N1/(N1+N3)，再用這個(gè)結(jié)果乘以N3。這就是我們需要的田宮變速器的速度比，在變速器里面，環(huán)齒輪不會(huì)旋轉(zhuǎn)，太陽(yáng)齒輪是輸入端，揮臂速度則是輸出值。這是個(gè)通用過(guò)程，但可以為任何行星齒輪系服務(wù)。田行星齒輪組件之一有N1=N2=16，N3=48，而另有N1=12，N2=18，N3=48。因?yàn)樾行驱X輪必須剛好位于太陽(yáng)和環(huán)齒輪之間，N3=2N1+N2這個(gè)條件必須得到滿足。事實(shí)上，這個(gè)條件得滿足給定齒輪的數(shù)目。第一個(gè)組件的速度比將是16/(48+16)=1/4。第二個(gè)組件的速度比將是12/(48+12)=1/5。這兩個(gè)比率如同廣告中介紹的那樣。請(qǐng)注意，太陽(yáng)齒輪和揮臂將向同一個(gè)方向旋轉(zhuǎn)。通用的求解行星輪系最佳方法是列表法，因?yàn)檫@種方法不包含像公式一樣的隱藏假設(shè)，也不要求應(yīng)用矢量法進(jìn)行計(jì)算。第一步是隔離行星輪系，從行星輪系中分離出齒輪輪系的輸入端和輸出值。找到輸入速度或轉(zhuǎn)速，使用輸入的行星齒輪輪系。一般情況下，這里有兩個(gè)輸入端，其中之一在簡(jiǎn)單情況下可能為零。現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備兩行關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)速或者角速度的圖表。第一行對(duì)應(yīng)于圍繞行星軸旋轉(zhuǎn)一次產(chǎn)生的參數(shù)，并由所有1組成。記下第二行，其中假定臂速度為零，使用已知的齒輪比。你需要的一行是上述兩行組成的一個(gè)線性組合，再加上未知乘數(shù)x和y。把輸入的齒輪值相加,根據(jù)已知的輸入速度，同時(shí)產(chǎn)生兩個(gè)關(guān)于x和y的兩種線性方程組?，F(xiàn)在，把這兩行數(shù)值相加的和乘以其各自的乘數(shù)，就產(chǎn)生了相關(guān)的所有齒輪的速度。最后，借助輸出齒輪傳動(dòng)計(jì)算出輸出速度。參考已經(jīng)采取的正方向，務(wù)必使其旋轉(zhuǎn)方向正確。田宮齒輪箱工具包各個(gè)組件從澆口處很好地被切割成單體，就像是用在電子產(chǎn)品中使用的齊平刀加工過(guò)一樣。然后，就可以用一把鋒利的X阿克托刻刀將余下的細(xì)小塑料部件移除。要按照說(shuō)明書(shū)所說(shuō)，小心地除掉所有多余的塑料。仔細(xì)閱讀說(shuō)明，確保所有事情都按正確的方式運(yùn)行，并位于正確的相對(duì)位置。變速箱組件在輕壓下整體運(yùn)行自如。要注意，棕色部件必須同時(shí)朝正確的相對(duì)方向運(yùn)行。4毫米的墊圈由兩個(gè)組件提供，說(shuō)明書(shū)中也有一個(gè)墊圈的全尺寸繪圖。不過(guò)，較小的墊圈在軸上會(huì)顯得不適合。輸出軸是金屬材質(zhì)。使用較大的長(zhǎng)嘴鉗壓迫E環(huán)使其進(jìn)入墊圈前部的槽。說(shuō)明書(shū)中有一張圖片講述如何執(zhí)行此操作。工具包中有一個(gè)額外的E環(huán)。三個(gè)插針進(jìn)入行星齒輪的傳動(dòng)器，并受到它們的驅(qū)動(dòng)?，F(xiàn)在按照設(shè)計(jì)把變速箱組件堆疊起來(lái)。我使用整個(gè)四個(gè)組件，但要確保把一個(gè)1：5的部件放在電機(jī)末端的旁邊。因此，我需要長(zhǎng)螺絲刀。橙色的太陽(yáng)齒輪作為最后一個(gè)1:5的部件，務(wù)必把這個(gè)齒輪緊緊地壓進(jìn)電機(jī)軸，壓到它不能滑動(dòng)為止。如果這個(gè)齒輪沒(méi)有放好，電機(jī)加緊鉗將不會(huì)關(guān)閉。通過(guò)該部件自身帶的管子向齒輪注入潤(rùn)滑油，這樣做效果比較好。如果您使用不同的潤(rùn)滑劑，首先從部件上取一塊塑料然后滴上潤(rùn)滑劑進(jìn)行測(cè)試，以確保它和部件能兼容。干石墨潤(rùn)滑油效果也十分不錯(cuò)。在最后一個(gè)組件的所有組成部分上都要涂滿潤(rùn)滑油，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)組件在運(yùn)行時(shí)能達(dá)到最高速度。把電動(dòng)機(jī)放在合適的放置，動(dòng)作要輕但要牢固，晃動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)以便使太陽(yáng)齒輪嚙合。如果太陽(yáng)齒輪沒(méi)有達(dá)到嚙合，電動(dòng)機(jī)的加緊鉗將不會(huì)關(guān)閉?，F(xiàn)在，把電機(jī)終端都布置成一個(gè)垂直的列陣，并按住電動(dòng)鉗。說(shuō)明的背面顯示如何裝上驅(qū)動(dòng)臂，并對(duì)齒輪箱的使用給出一些提示。齒輪箱上有一個(gè)額外的彈性圓柱銷和兩個(gè)額外的3毫米墊圈。如果有一些小的墊圈，它們可用在機(jī)械螺釘上，以把齒輪箱連接在一起。在輸出端產(chǎn)生的扭矩足夠損壞機(jī)器（最多6千克-厘米），因此，要確保輸出臂可以自由旋轉(zhuǎn)。機(jī)器使用的是擁有變電壓和電流限制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室直流電源，但也可以使用干電池。對(duì)于D電池來(lái)說(shuō)，1安培的電流都是高負(fù)荷的，因此要提供充足有效的電源供應(yīng)。說(shuō)明書(shū)明確告知不能超過(guò)4.5V，這是個(gè)好建議。擁有400:1的減量后，無(wú)論輸出負(fù)載怎么樣，電機(jī)都能夠自由運(yùn)行。齒輪箱在第一次測(cè)試的時(shí)候運(yùn)行良好。