【高二 拓展閱讀-生命科學(xué)】Extreme Temperatures

ExtremeTemperaturesAblisteringly（極度地）hotsummerafternoonorabitterlycoldwintermorningmayfeellikequitedifferentenvironments,buttheyshareacommonfactor:severedanger.Temperatureextremesonbothendsofthethermometer（溫度計）cancarryinherentriskstoalllivingcreatures.Manyanimalspeciesfollowtheirinstinctsandknowwhentoseekshelterorhibernate（冬眠）.Humanbeingsarenotalwaysasintuitive,anddecidetochallengenature'sseasonalthreats.Unfortunately,MotherNatureisoftenthetruevictorinthesesituations.Exposuretoextremeheat,whetherduetoapowerfulsun,ortotheintensetemperaturesinsidebuildings,canresultineverythingfromrelativelymildheatexhaustiontothepotentiallyfatalheatstroke.Anumberofinternalandexternalfactorsimpacthowpeoplecopewithextremeheat.Forexample,age,weight,medicalconditionsclothing,andthetypeofworkbeingdonecanallaffectaperson'sabilitytotoleratehightemperatures.Theissuecanbefurthercomplicatedifthereishighhumidityoralackofadequateaircirculation.Exposuretoextremecoldisalsoquitethreatening.Frostbite（凍傷），especiallytoextremitiessuchasfingers，toes，noseandearlobes（耳垂），isadanger.Thegreatestriskishypothermia（體溫過低），inwhichthebodylosesitsabilitytowarmitself.Withoutmedicalattentionitcanbelethaldealingwiththecoldisadditionallydifficultifthereisastrongwindoranytypeofprecipitation.Protectionagainstextremeweatherconditionsissimpleifpeopleareeducatedabouttherisks.Knowingwhatsymptomstowatchfor，whatclothingtowear-ornotwear，andwhentoseekmedicalhelpiswhatkeepsthetemperaturepartofnatureratherthanamenace.ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion.1.Whatdoextremecoldandextremeheathaveincommon?A.Theyonlyaffecthumanbeings.B.Theycouldbeseverelydangerous.C.Theyappearonlyincertainpartsoftheworld.D.Theycouldbeavoidedeasily.2.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTaffectaperson'sabilitytotoleratehightemperatures?A.Medicalconditions.B.Clothing.C.Mood.D.Weight.3.Whichfactorismostdangeroustosomeonesufferingfromhypothermia？A.Exposuretoastrongwind.B.Lackofventilation（通風(fēng)）C.Extremehumidity.D.Risingtemperature.4.Whichpart（s）ofourbodyis/aremostvulnerabletofrostbite？A.Fingers.B.Nose.C.Earlobes.D.Alloftheabove.5.Whichistheprimarywaytopreventthedangerfromextremetemperatures？A.Shutingdownthebusinessesduringextremetemperatures.B.Educatingpeopleastopossiblerisks，preventionandtreatments.C.Checkingworkersforsymptomsduringparticulartimes.D.Wearingprotectivetypesofclothingthatcoversupaltexposedskin.Vocabulary基礎(chǔ)詞commonadj.普通的；公共的；共有的搭have…incommon相同；有相同的特征commonsense常識severeadj.嚴重的；嚴厲的；艱巨的；劇烈的記詞根記憶：sever（誠懇）+e→態(tài)度誠懇→嚴厲的搭theseverestcriticism最嚴厲的批評dangern.危險搭indanger處于危險中extremen.完全相反的事物；極端不同的情況（情感等）；極端adj.極度的；極端的；末端的記聯(lián)想記憶：extre（看作extra，以外的）+me（我）→在我忍受的極限外→極端的搭extremesofloveandhate愛和恨兩種完全不同的感情extremeopinions極端的看法creaturen.動物；生物；（有特性或特質(zhì)的）人英alivingthing，realorimaginary，thatcanmovearound，suchasananimal記詞根記憶：cre（產(chǎn)生）+ature（與行為有關(guān)之物）→生物speciesn.（動物或植物的）種，種類；物記詞根記憶：speci（種類）+es（動物或植物的）種搭endangeredspecies瀕危物種sheltern.遮蔽物；住所；藏身之處v.躲避英（abuildingdesignedtogive）protectionfrombadweather，danger，etc記聯(lián)想記憶：she看作she，殼）+ter→像殼一樣的東西→遮蔽物threatn.威脅；恐嚇搭poseamajorthreatto...對…構(gòu)成重大威脅exposuren.暴露；顯露記詞根記憶：ex（出）+pos（放）+ure（表名詞）→放出來→顯露搭exposureto…暴露于…intenseadj.很大的；強烈的英verygreat；verystrong記詞根記憶：in（不）+tens（伸展）+e→拉到了不能再伸展的地步→強烈的symptomn.癥狀；征兆記詞根記憶：sym（共同）+ptom（現(xiàn)象）→+病人們出現(xiàn)相同的現(xiàn)象→癥狀Vocabulary進階詞inherentadj.內(nèi)在的；生來就有的，固有的英existingasanaturalorbasicpartofsth記詞根記憶：in（向內(nèi)）+her（黏附）+ent（…的）→黏附在內(nèi)的→內(nèi)在的intuitiveadj.直覺的英basedonfeelingsratherthanfactsorproof記詞根記憶：in（不）+u（指導(dǎo)）+ive（有…傾向的）→不用指導(dǎo)就有（感覺）的→直覺的fatadj.致命的；重大的；命中注定的；災(zāi)難性的記來自fate（n命運）stroken.擊，打；（?。┩蝗话l(fā)作，中風(fēng)；（體育中的）擊球；（游泳或劃船的）劃；一擊報時的鐘聲；撫摸ⅵ.撫摸記聯(lián)想記憶：與strike（v.打擊）起記internaladj.內(nèi)部的；國內(nèi)的英connectedwiththeinsideofsthexternaladj.外部的，外面的，表面的記詞根記憶：extern（外來的）+a（…的）→外面的humidityn.濕度；潮濕記詞根記憶：humd（潮濕的）+ity（表名詞）潮濕adequateadj.充足的；合適的，合格的，合乎需要的記詞根記憶：ad（表加強）+equ（平等）+ate（…的）→比平等多的→充足的circulationn.（體液的）循環(huán)，（水、空氣等的）流通；流傳，傳播；發(fā)行（量）記來自circul