超詳細(xì)的狀語和狀語從句講解課件

狀語和狀語從句狀語的定義和作用狀語的位置和形式狀語的定義和作用狀語是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子等的句子成分。狀語表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓

步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等。a2狀語的形式和位置在所有的語法范疇中，狀語的形式最多樣，它可以是單詞、詞組或從句；可以是副詞（短語）、介詞短語、分詞（短語）、動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）狀語從句等。與其他語法范疇相比，狀語的位置也最靈活，它可以出現(xiàn)在句首、句中或句末。例如：

Immediately

he

replied.（句首）He

immediately

replied.（句中）He

replied

immediately.（句尾）a3副詞（短語）作狀語She

is

alwayslosing

her

keys.她總是丟鑰匙。John

drovetoo

slowly.約翰開車太慢。a4介詞短語作狀語Let

’s

go

home.The

best

fish

swim

near

the

bottom.好魚居水底I

have

lived

here

for

three

years.我住這已經(jīng)3年了。a5分詞（短語）作狀語She

sat

there

doing

nothing.她坐在那里無所事事。（doing的邏輯主語是she，它們之間是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系）Given

better

attention,the

trees

cangrow

well.如果得到更好的管理，這些樹可以長得很好。（given的邏輯主語是thetrees，它們之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系）a6為了表示明確的時(shí)間或條件，有時(shí)可在分詞前加when,

while,

if等連詞。例如：When

leaving

the

airport,she

waved

againand

again

to

us.當(dāng)離開機(jī)場的時(shí)候，她向我們頻頻招手。While

waiting

for

the

train,I

had

a

longtalk

with

Jane.在等火車的時(shí)候，我與珍妮進(jìn)行了長談。If

translated

word

by

word,the

sentencewill

be

meaningless.如果逐字翻譯，這個(gè)句子就沒有意義。a7分詞有時(shí)也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語（即與句子的主語不一致），這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，在很多情況下表示時(shí)間、原因、條件或伴隨的動(dòng)作或情況。例如：The

holidays

being

over,they

beganto

get

down

to

do

their

work

again.假期結(jié)束了，他們又開始認(rèn)真地工作。So

many

people

being

absent,wedecided

to

put

the

meeting

off.這么多人缺席，我們決定把會(huì)議延期。a8【特別提醒】現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的意思，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)的意思，表示動(dòng)作的完成。a9動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作狀語She

was

slow

to

make

up

her

mind.她遲遲不能下決心。To

be

honest,I

didn’t

enjoy

theparty.說實(shí)話，我不喜歡這個(gè)聚會(huì)。We

live

to

serve

the

peopleheartand

soul.我們活著是為了全心全意為人民服務(wù)。a10副詞性從句---狀語從句狀語從句的種類對比訓(xùn)練與鞏固)While

I

was

wondering

at

this,

our

schoolmaster

took his

place.

(

時(shí)間

)Where

there

is

a

will,

there

is

a

way.

(

地點(diǎn)

)

Now

that/Since

everybody

is

here,let’s

beginourmeeting.（

原因）I’ll

speak

slowly

so

that

you

can

understand

me.(目的)

So

clever

was

he

a

student

that

he

was

able

to

workout

all

the

difficult

problems.

(

結(jié)果

)As

long

as

you

don’t

lose

heart,you’ll

succeed.(條件)Try

as

he

might,he

could

not

find

a

job.(

讓步)The

old

lady

treats

the

boy

as

if

he

were

her

own

son.(方式狀語從句的分類a12時(shí)間狀語從句原因狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句

目的狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句條件狀語從句方式狀語從句比較狀語從句讓步狀語從句狀語從句有九種，時(shí)地原因條狀補(bǔ)，目比結(jié)果方讓步，連詞引導(dǎo)各不同；主句通常前面走，連詞引導(dǎo)緊隨后，從句若在主前頭，主從之間有個(gè)逗。a13引導(dǎo)詞可分為兩部分whenaswhilebeforeafteruntil

(till)sinceas

soon

asevery

timenexttimethe

first/…last

timethemomenttheminuteinstantlyimmediatelydirectly (一…就…)a141、時(shí)間狀語從句：引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：when,while,as,

whenever,before,after,since,till,until,assoon

as,

once…等引導(dǎo)。如：a15When

he

was

still

a

youngman,

he

wasforced

to

leave

his

homeland

for

politicalreasons.It

has

been

15

years

since

heleft.I’ll

tell

him

the

news

as

soon

as

I

see

him.Once

you

have

got

used

to

it,

you

will

like

it.I

waited

till

he

had

finished

his

work.a16注意：（1）when,

as,whilewhen即可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，又可引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作。它可以表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前。如：a17When

I

was

a

boy,I

used

togoto

the

seashore

on

Sundays.（同時(shí)）When

the

lesson

was

over,webegan

ourwriting.（從句動(dòng)作在前）a18as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，側(cè)重主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。He

hurried

home,

looking

behindas

he

went.I

saw

your

sister

as

she

wasgettingon

the

bus

yesterday.He

sang

as

hewalked.a19While：指的是“在某一時(shí)間里”，“在…期間”，從句里的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，它也強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動(dòng)作的同時(shí)發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主句和從句動(dòng)作的對比。a20如：While

he

was

in

London,

he

studiedmusic.While

we

were

watching

TV,

he

waswriting

acomposition.a21while也可做并列連詞，表示對照的意思。如：He

is

tallwhile

his

brother

isshort.當(dāng)when,as,

while表示“在…一段時(shí)間里”，主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，可以換用。如：While

(When或As)we

werediscussing,Mr.Smith

came

in.a22（2）如果when和before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時(shí)不能譯成“當(dāng)…時(shí)候”和“在…之前”，而要譯成“就”、“才”、“這時(shí)”等。如：The

struggle

lasted

four

yearsbefore

the

North

won

in

the

end.a23He

almost

knocked

me

down

beforehe

saw

me.I

was

walking

in

the

street

when

I

sawhim.a24(3)by

the

time,each

time,everytime,immediately,

the

moment,theinstant,the

minute,soon

after,shortly

after都可以作為連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語。如：By

the

time

he

was

fourteen,hehad

taught

himself

advancedmathematics.a25Each

time

he

came,

he

would

callonme.You

must

show

him

in

immediatelyhecomes.I

recognized

him

the

moment

I

sawhim.a26講練結(jié)合:1.

－Did

you

remember

to

give

Mary

themoney

you

owedher?I

saw

her.A.whileC.suddenlyB.

themomentD.

onceImet

her.A.

first

timeC.

the

first

timeB.

for

the

first

timeD.

by

the

first

time3.entered

the

office

when

he

realized

thathe

had

forgotten

his

report.A.

He

hardly

hadC.

Hardly

had

heB.

Had

hehardlyD.

Hardly

he

had－Yes.Igaveittoher

B2.Ithoughtherniceandhonest

CCa27小結(jié)：一些詞，如the

moment,

the

minute,

the

instant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than等也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于as

soon

as的意思。I

didn’t

wait

a

moment,

but

came

immediately

youcalled.一些含有time的名詞短語，如every

time,eachtime,next

time,by

the

time等，以及the

day,theyear,the

morning等，也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。The

day

he

returned

home,

his

father

was

alreadydead.Next

time

you

come,

please

bring

your

composition.如果hardly或nosooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必須用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Hardly

had

I

got

home

when

it

began

to

rain.a28(4)till和until①如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到…為止”。如：I

workedtill

(until)

he

cameback.a29②如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞，則用否定式的主句表示“直到…才”。如：I

didn’t

go

to

beduntil

(till)

hecameback.a30③放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)一般用until。如：Until

he

returns, nothing

canbedone.a31【小結(jié)】時(shí)間狀語從句常由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：when，whenever，as，while，before，after，since，as

soon

as，until，once。時(shí)間狀語從句還可由一些名詞（the

moment,theinstant,every

time等）和副詞（instantly,

directly等）連接。例如：I’ll

telephone

youthe

instantI

know.我一知道就立即給你打電話。Every

timeI

catch

a

cold,my

nose

runs.每次我感冒都流鼻涕。時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。例如：You

will

get

to

know

when

you

grow

up.你長大后就會(huì)了解。a321.時(shí)間狀語從句suddenly

the1.

We

were

swimming

in

the

lakestorm

started.A.

when B.

while C.

untilD.beforesomeone2.

He

was

about

to

tell

me

thesecretpatted

him

on

theshoulder.A.

as B.

until C.

while D.

whenit3.

He

transplanted

the

little

tree

to

the

gardenwas

the

best

time

for

it.A.

where B.

when C.

that D.

until4.

－Did

Jack

come

back

early

last

night?－Yes.

It

was

not

yet

eighto’clockA.Before B.

when C.

that

D.untila5.

He

was

about

halfway

through

his

mealfamiliar

voice

came

to

his

ears.ADBB

he

arrived

home.CA.

whyB.

whereC.

whenaD.while336.

The

cost

of

living

in

Glasgow

is

among

the

lowest

inthe

quality

of

life

is

probably

one

of

thehighest.A.since B.

when C.

as D.

while7.

I

accept

that

he

is

not

perfect,

I

doactuallyA.WhileB.

Since C.Before D.

Unless連接詞while的用法小結(jié)while引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作相對比。如：Please

don’t

talk

so

loud

while

others

are

working.while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對比。Britain,

DlikAe

the

person.343.while可表示盡管，相當(dāng)于aalthough。2、原因狀語從句：通常由連詞：because,as,

since,now

that引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別是:because：表示“因?yàn)椤?，直接而明確的原因和理由，語氣最強(qiáng)，why提問的句子，一般都用because回答。He

didn’t

come

because

he

was

ill.a35since：表示“既然”，語氣比because弱。

Since

you

are

here,you

must

do

it.as：表示“因?yàn)椤闭Z氣比because輕，引導(dǎo)從句可放主句前也可放主句后。You

needn’t

go

with

me,

as

you

arebusy.As

I

was

afraid,

I

hid

myself.a36now

that意思與since相似，表示“既然”。Now

that

you

are

in

High

School,

youwill

probably

spend

more

in

reading.Now

that

all

the

guests

have

arrived,let’s

have

our

dinner.a37注意：①在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句，只能用because引導(dǎo)，不可用as或since，如：It

was

because

he

was

ill

that

hedidn’t

go

with

us.a38②because可以引導(dǎo)表語從句,而as,since不可以，這時(shí)狀語一般都是it,this,thata39It’s

because

he

is

too

lazy.③for也表示“因?yàn)椤?，但是并列連詞，它連接的不是狀語從句，語氣比較強(qiáng)。It

must be

morning,for

thebirds

are

singing.a40becausesinceasfornowthatseeing

(that)既然considering

(that)考慮到／鑒于鑒于／由于／既然／因?yàn)閍413、地點(diǎn)狀語從句：通常由連詞where和wherever引導(dǎo)。如：Go

back

where

you

camefrom.Wherever

you

go,

you

must

write

toyour

parents.Where

there

is

awill,

there

is

away.Where

there

is

toomuch,

the

poisonand

waste

may

do

great

harm

to

thethings

around

us.a424、目的狀語從句：通常由so

that,in

order

that,so…that,lest,in

case（以防、免得）等引導(dǎo)：He

got

up

early

in

order

that

hecouldcatch

the

early

bus.She

married

him

so

that

shemighttend

and

comfort

him.I

explained

again

and

again

in

casehe

should

misunderstand

me.a43so

thatin

order

thatin

case

（以防、免得）for

fear

that(生怕，以免）lest

(以免，免得)a44※【特別提醒】由lest

，for

fear

that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句要使用虛擬語氣，由should＋動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。I

hid

the

book

lest

(=for

fearthat)he

should

see

it.a455、結(jié)果狀語從句：由so

that,so…that,such…that引導(dǎo)：It

was

very

cold,

so

that

the

riverfroze.The

book

isso

written

that

it

gives

a

quitewrong

idea

of

thefacts.There

were

so

many

people

(=such

a

lot

ofpeople)

in

the

room

that

we

could

not

get

in.He

made

such

an

excellent

speech

thateveryone

admired

him.a466、條件狀語從句:由if,unless,as

long

as(=so

longas)(只要),in

case

(that)(如果，萬一)等引導(dǎo)：If

plastics

and

rubber

are

burned,they

give

off

poisonous

gases.a47Unless

you work

hard,

youwill

fail,You

can

go out,

as

long

as

(solong

as

)

you promise

to bebackbefore

eleven.a48In

case

I

forget,

please

remind

meaboutthat.注意：條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不可用將來時(shí)，只能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或過去時(shí)態(tài)表示將來時(shí)。a497、方式狀語從句：由連詞：as,

asif,asthough引導(dǎo)：The

teacher

told

the

students

to

do

ashe

did.Leave

it

as

it

is.He

heard

a

noise,

as

if

someone

wasbreathing.I

saw

the

man

looking

about

him

as

ifhe

wished

to

impress

upon

his

mindeverything.a50as

if和as

though意義和用法大致一樣，引導(dǎo)的從句多用虛擬語氣，但也可用陳述語氣。He

treats

me

as

if

I

were

his

own

son.He

walkedas

if

he

weredrunk.a518、比較狀語從句：由連詞as…as,

not

so(as)…as,than等引導(dǎo)：I

hope

it

was

as

good

as

the

oneyou

lent

me.Actually

the

ocean

floor

arealmost

as

irregular

as

theexposedland

area.a52No

one

can be

more

fit

forhis

officethan he

is.Hecan’t runso

fast

as

she.a53注意：“the+比較級(接從句)，the+比較級(接主句)，這一句型也歸在比較狀語從句內(nèi)。如：The

more

you

study,

the

moreyouknow.The

harder

we

work,

the

happierwefeel.a549、讓步狀語從句：由though,

although,

as (雖然盡管), even

if, even

though,wh-ever, no

matter-wh,

whether引導(dǎo).a55whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhoweverwh

-evera56no

matter

whono

matter

whatno

matterwhichno

matter

whenno

matterwhereno

matter

howno

matter

wh-a57Though

he

is

old,

yet

he

isactive.Although

most

of

the

people

agreed,some

were

not

willing

to

accepted.Proud

as

the

nobles

are,

he

isafraidto

see

me.We

wouldn’t

lose

heart

even

if

weshould

fail

ten

times.a58Whenever

(=no

matter

when)

youcall

on

me,you

are

alwayswelcome.Wherever

(no

matter

where)

youwork,

you

can

always

find

time

tostudy.Take

the

one

you

like

best,whichever

(no

matter

which)

it

is.a59No

matter

what

I

say

or

how

Isay

it,

he

always

thinks

I’m

wrong.Whether

he

comes

or

not,

we’lldiscuss

the

problem

thisafternoon.a60注意：（1）讓步狀語從句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有時(shí)還可以插在

主句中間，前置時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句內(nèi)容，后置時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句內(nèi)容。a61（2）though與although同義，用法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語化；后者較正式，多放于句首，不能與

but連用，但可以與yet,still（副詞）等連用，用來加強(qiáng)語氣。Though(

Although)he

was

tired,yet

(still)hewent

on

working.a62（3）as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)從句部分語序要部分倒裝。如：Young

as

he

is,

he

can

read

andwrite

in

several

foreignlanguage.（表語提前）a63Child

as

he

was,

he

had

to

supportthe

family.（表語名詞提前并常省去冠詞）Surrounded

as

we

were

by

theenemy,

we

managed

to

marchforward.（表語名詞提前并常省去冠詞）a64it

began

tothe

bellrang.A.

when B.

whileC.

asD.during對比訓(xùn)練１a66We

were

about

to

leave

A

rain.She

thought

I

was

talking

about

her

son,

B

,

in

fact,

I

was

talking

about

my

son.3.

Hardly

had

I

finished

mycomposition

A對比訓(xùn)練２Child

B

she

is,

she

knows

a

lot.He

did

the

experiment

__B__

he

wastold.The

pianos

in

the

other

shop

will

becheaper,

but

not

E

good.A.du