高考英語(yǔ)關(guān)于閱讀理解中的猜詞悟義題

PAGE專題復(fù)習(xí)：關(guān)于閱讀理解中的猜詞悟義題近幾年的高考閱讀理解題越來(lái)越重視對(duì)考生猜詞悟義能力的考查，猜測(cè)詞悟義的能力，即掌握一些猜測(cè)生詞詞義的方法，對(duì)排除閱讀中生詞的干擾、降低生詞率、提高閱讀速度和理解能力是必不可少的，這是考生英語(yǔ)閱讀理解能力的一個(gè)重要組成部分。這種不用詞典而通過(guò)上下文來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)生詞的能力是每一個(gè)考生所必須具備的能力。這類題主要考查考生對(duì)文中的重點(diǎn)詞句的理解，要求考生對(duì)文章中的個(gè)別難詞、關(guān)鍵詞、詞組或句子作出解釋或推測(cè)其義。常用的問(wèn)題形式：1.Heunderlinedword（phrase）inthepassagemeans________________．2.Theword"it（them）"inthefirstparagraphrefersto_____________．3.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans_____________．4.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？5.Whatdoes（do）theunderlinedword（words）referto？6.Accordingtothepassage,“…”probablymeans______________.7.Theauthorusestheword“…”tomean__________.8.Theunderlinedword/phrase/team“…”means______________.9.Theword“…”inparagraph…refersto__________.10.Whatdoes“…”inthesecondparagraphstandsfor?11.Thesentence“…”means_______________.例如:Appletreesmaygrowastallas12metresandtheygrowbestinareasthathavecoldwinters.Althoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodforthetree.Theunderlinedword“yielded”mostprobablymeans__________.A.soldB.boughtC.improvedD.producedAnothersourceofknowledgeisthevaststoreoftraditionalpracticeshandeddownformfathertoson,ormothertodaughter,ofoldcountrycustoms,offolklore.Allthisisverydifficultforacollegestudenttoexamine,formuchknowledgeandpersonalexperienceisneededheretoseparategoodplantsformwildgrass.Thecollegestudentshouldlearntorealizeandrememberhowmuchofrealvaluesciencehasfoundinthiswide,confusedwildernessandhowoftenscientificdiscoveriesofwhathadexistedinthisarealongago.Inthisparagraphthephrase“thiswide,confusedwilderness”refersto_________.A.personalexperienceB.wildweedsamonggoodplantsC.theinformationfromtheparentsD.thevaststoreoftraditionalpractices猜詞悟義方法：一、針對(duì)性解釋針對(duì)性解釋是作者為了更好地表達(dá)思想，在文章中對(duì)一些重要的概念、難懂的術(shù)語(yǔ)或詞匯等所作的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對(duì)性，利用它們猜詞義比較容易。1、根據(jù)定義猜測(cè)詞義定義解釋形式多樣，常由be,mean,dealwith,beconsidered,tobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define,represent,or,thatistosay,inotherwords,becalled等詞匯或破折號(hào)來(lái)表示。例如：(1)Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.(2)Inslangtheterm“jam”constitutesastateofbeinginwhichapersonfindshimselforherselfinadifficultsituation.(3)Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.(4)Apersonwhoskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.2、根據(jù)復(fù)述猜測(cè)詞義(1)Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.(2)Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.(3)Thenewbuilding,afive-storyedifice,wascompletedlastmonth.(4).Capacitance,ortheabilitytostoreelectricchange,isoneofthemostcommoncharacteristicsofelectroniccircuits.)(5)SomeorganizationsofUnitedNationsprefertotakeonPolyglotsastheirworkersthosewhocanunderstandaswellasspeakmanylanguages.(6)KrabacbersuffersfromSAD,whichisshortforseasonalaffectivedisorder,asyndromecharacterizedbysevereseasonalmoodswings.3、根據(jù)舉例猜測(cè)詞義(1)Theconsequencesofepochaleventssuchaswarsandgreatscientificdiscoveriesarenotconfinedtoasmallgeographicalareaastheywereinthepast.(2)Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.二、內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系1、根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測(cè)義表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞匯和短語(yǔ)主要是while,not,but,however,yet,otherwise,though,despite,inspiteof,incontrast和while引導(dǎo)的并列句等。在這些表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的連詞出現(xiàn)的句子中，其前后的詞有明顯的對(duì)比關(guān)系。根據(jù)已知的內(nèi)容，通過(guò)這種對(duì)比關(guān)系，就很容易猜出生詞的詞義的。如：(1)AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.(2)Agoodsupervisorcanrecognizeinstantlytheadeptworkersfromtheunskilledones.(3)ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.(4)Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings;hiswife,however,isverythrifty.2、根據(jù)比較關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義同對(duì)比關(guān)系相反，比較關(guān)系表示意義上的相似關(guān)系，例：A、成功的B、徒勞的C、有效的D、倉(cāng)促的6.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.A、心不在焉的B、緊張的C、全神貫注的D、睡意濃的7.Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever.A、癥狀B、疾病C、恐懼D、威脅8.Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.A、流淚B、乞討C、呻吟D、顫抖9.Thehottropicalweathercreatedafeelingoflassitudeandencouragedlaziness.A、興奮B、厭惡C、清醒D、疲倦10.Toquiteagreatmanypeople,moneyisanirresistibletemptation.A、不可抗拒的B、可抗拒的C、接受的D、不可接受的11.Thisfishingvillageof1480peopleisableakandlonelyplace,eveninacountrylocatedatthetopoftheworld.A、偏遠(yuǎn)的B、平靜的C、海邊的D、荒涼的12.Ifandwhenthesenewmeasuresarerolledout.Theywillbewelcomed.A、試驗(yàn)B、推行C、滾出D、起草13.Boysthinkofschoolaspurgatoryonthewaytoafutureoffindingrichesatsea;forgirls,it’stheirticketoutofschool.A、受罪B、關(guān)鍵C、阻礙D、幫助14.Educationssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyrecoilinthefaceofhead-to-headcompetitionwithboys.A、盤旋B、退縮C、勝出D、反彈15.Thevocabularyofdressthatlearnincludesnotonlyitemsofclothingbutalsohairstyles.Jewelry,andotherbodydecoration.A、形狀B、狀況C、裝飾D、獎(jiǎng)?wù)露涛拈喿x理解：(A)…Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shoplifter”mean?A.商店里的小偷B.商店里的推銷員C商店里的老顧客D商店里的搬運(yùn)工（B）Hewasoneof80middleschoolstudentsfromChinaattendingamonthlong“YouthSummit”.Thesummitwastomarkthe25thanniversaryofPresidentNixon’sjourneytoChina,whichwastheturningpointinChinaU.S.relation.TheYouthSummitwasaimedatincreasingunderstandingandfriendshipbetweenyoungstudentsofthetwocountriesthroughvisitsanddiscussions.Thewords“YouthSummit”referto__________.A.visittotheNixonLibraryB.theChinesestudentsvisittotheU.SC.ameetingdiscussingrelationsbetweenChinaandU.S.D.activitiestostrengthenthetiesbetweentheChineseandAmericanstudents.(C)Youshouldseewordsaspartofawholesentenceorparagraph,notjustinisolation.Theunderlinedphraseprobablymeans______________..A.inawordB.separatelyC.onewordD.slowly(D)ThelargestplayerShanghaiBashiTheword“deluxesedans”,“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextreferto___________.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers(E)TheGreatFireofLondonstartedintheveryearlyhoursof2September1666.Infourdaysitdestroyedmorethanthreequartersoftheoldcity,wheremostofthehouseswerewoodenandclosetogether.Onehundredthousandpeoplebecamehomeless,butonlyafewlosttheirlives.ThefirestartedonSundaymorninginthehouseoftheKing’sbaker(面包師)inPuddingLane.Thebaker,withhiswifeandfamily,wasabletogetoutthroughawindowintheroof.Astrongwindblewthefirefromthebakery(面包房)intoasmallhotelnextdoor.ThenitspreadquicklyintoThamesStreet.Thatwasthebeginning.Theunderlinedword“family”inthesecondparagraphmeans________.A.homeB.childrenC.wifeandhusbandD.wifeandchildren2005年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)卷I（B）Montreal(Reuters)CrossingtheUS-CanadabordertogotochurchonaSundaycostaUScitizen$10,000forbreakingWashington’sstrictnewsecurity(安全)rules.TheexpensivetriptochurchwasasurpriseforRichardAlbert,wholivesrightontheCanadianborder.Liketheotherhalf-dozenpeopleofTownship15,crossingtheborderisadailyoccurrenceforAlbert.ThenearbyQuebecvillageofTherearemanysuchsituationsintheseareasalongthelargelyunguarded5,530-mileborderbetweenCanadaandtheUS—whichinsomecasesactuallyrunsdownthemiddleofstreetsorthroughbuildings.Asaresult,AlbertsayshedidnotexpectanyproblemsthreeweeksagowhenhereturnedhometotheUSafterattendingchurchinCanada,asusual.TheUScustomsstationinthisareaisclosedonSundays,sohejustdrovearoundthelockedgate,ashehaddoneeveryweekendsincethegateappearedlastMay,followingatighteningofbordersecurity.Twodayslater,Albertwastoldtogotothecustomsoffice,whereanofficertoldhimhehadbeencaughtoncameracrossingtheborderillegally.Ottawahasgivenoutspecialpassestosome300UScitizensinthatareasotheycanenterthecountrywhenCanadiancustomsstationsareclosed,buttheUSstoppedasimilarprogramlastMay.Thatforcesthepeopletoa200-miledetouralonghillyroadstogethomethroughanotherbordercheckpoint.Alberthasrequestedthatthecustomsofficechangetheirdecisionsonthefine,buthehasnotattendedaSundaychurchsince,.“IfeellikeI’mlivinginaprison,”hesaid.61.Theunderlinedword“detour”inparagraph5means_______________.A.adrivethroughthetownB.araceacrossthefieldsC.aroundaboutwayoftravelingD.ajourneyinthemountainarea2005年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)卷I（D）Asanyhomemakerwhohastriedtokeeporderatthedinnertableknows,thereisfarmoretoafamilymealthanfood.SociologistMichaelLewishasbeenstudying50familiestofindoutjusthowmuchmore.Lewisandhisco-workerscarriedouttheirstudybyvideotaping（錄像）thefamilieswhiletheyateordinarymealsintheirownhomes.Theyfondthatparentswithsmallfamiliestalkactivelywitheachotherandtheirchildren.Butasthenumberofchildrengetslarger,conversationgiveswaytotheparents’effortstocontroltheloudnoisetheymake.Thatcanhaveanimportanteffectonthechildren.“Ingeneralthemorequestion-askingtheparentsdo,thehigherthechildren’sIQscores,”Lewissays,“Andthemorechildrenthereare,thelessquestion-askingthereis.”Thestudyalsoprovidesanexplanationforwhymiddlechildrenoftenseemtohaveahardertimeinlifethantheirsiblings(兄弟姐妹).Lewisfoundthatinfamilieswiththreeorfourchildren,dinnerconversationislikelytocenterontheoldestchild.Whohasthemosttotalkabout,.Andtheyoungest,whoneedsthemostattention.“Middlechildrenareinvisible,”saysLewis.“Whenyouseesomeonegetupfromthetableandwalkaroundduringdinner,chancesareit’sthemiddlechild,”Thereis,however,onethingthatstopsallconversationandpreventsanyonefromhavingattention:“WhentheTVison,”Lewissays,“dinnerisanon-event.”68.Bysaying“Middlechildrenareinvisible,”inparagraph3,Lewismeansthatmiddlechildren_________________.A.havetohelptheirparentstoservedinnerB.gettheleastattentionfromthefamilyC.areoftenkeptawayfromthedinnertableD.findithardtokeepupwithotherchildren2005年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)卷II（B）Theydaysofelderlywomendoingnothingbutcookinghugemealsonholidaysaregone.EntertheRedHatSociety-agroupholdingthebeliefthatoldladiesshouldhavefun.“Mygrandmothersdidn’tdoanythingbutkeephouseandserveeverybody.Theywereprogrammedtodothat.”saidEmilyComette,headofachapterofthe7-year-oldRedHatsociety.Whilemenhavelongspenttheirtimefishingandplayinggolf,womenhavesometimesseemedtobecameunnoticedastheyage.Butthepenetrationnowturning50isthebabyboomers(生育高峰期出生的人),andthesamepeoplewhorefusedtheirparents’wayofbeingyoungarenowtryinganewwayofgrowingold.Ifyoutakeintoconsiderationfeminism(女權(quán)主義),abitofsparemoney,andbetterhealthformostelderly,theRedHatSocietylooksalmostinevitable(必然的).Inthissociety,womenover50wearredhatsandpurpleclothes,whilethewomenunder50wearpinkhatsandlightpurpleclothing.“TheorganizationtooktheideafromapoembyJennyJosephthatbegins;‘WhenIamanoldwoman,Ishallwearpurple.Witharedhatwhichdoesn’tgo,’”saidEllenCooper,whofoundedtheRedHatSocietyin1998.Whentheladiesstartedtoweartheredhats,theyattractedlotsofattention.“Thepointofthisisthatweneedarestfromalwaysdoingsomethingforsomeoneelse,”Coopersaid.“Womenfeelsoashamedandsorrywhentheydosomethingforthemselves.”Thisiswhychaptersarediscouragedfromraisingmoneyordoinganythinguseful.“We’realadies’playgroup.Itcouldn’tbemoresimple,”addedCooper’sassistantJoeHeywood.44.Theunderlinedword“chapter”inparagraph2means_________.A.onebranchofanorganizationB.awrittenagreementofaclubC.onepartofacollectionofpoemsD.aperiodinasociety’shistory2005年高考英語(yǔ)湖南卷（B）CollectionsweretheinspirationforaprojectatThomasTallisSchool,whichformedpartoftheImagineChildren’sLiteratureFestivallastautumn.Eachchild(aged12-1ThesubjectchosenbyLaurenwasanimaginativeone.“It’sasortofCinderellastory,”shetoldme,inspiredbyacollectionoflettersfromhercousin.Inthestorythesebecomeloveletters,burnedbyacruelstepmother.Lauren’sbestfriendCharlotteisthestepmother.“I’minCharlotte’sstorytoo,”saysLauren,“andIgetrunover.”Charlotte’stalewasinspiredbythegirls’coincollection.“We’vecollectedforeigncoinsforyearssinceourfamilieswentonholidaytoTenerife,”sheexplains.“ThatwasbeforetheEuro,soweputpesetasin.”Laurencontinues:“Ifindacoinintheroad,gotogetitandgetrunover.I’minhospitalandthenIdie.”Charlotteadds:“Orshemightnotdie.Ihaven’tdecidedyet.”MillieMurray,whoisateen-novelauthor,thinksthatsettingthesubjectofcollectionswasausefulinspirationtotheircreativityratherthanarestriction.“InthebeginningIthough,‘Willthechildrenbeabletodoit?’”shesays,“Butit’sbeenfruitful.Somehavetheirowncollection,somehaveparentswhodo,andsomehavewrittencompletestories.It’smadethemthinkaboutsomethingtheywouldn’thaveotherwise,whichcanonlybeagoodthing.”60.Theunderlinedword“pesetas”inParagraph2isakindof________.A.storyB.collectionC.inspirationD.foreigncoin2005年高考英語(yǔ)重慶卷（D）Everyoneshouldvisitalighthouseatleastonce.Themostimportantreasonforsuchavisitistorealizehowourancestorsbattlednaturewiththebasictoolstheyhad.Theyhadonlybasicwaysofcreatinglight,andyettheyfoundawayofusingthissimpletechnologyinisolated(孤零零的)placestosaveshipsfromhittingrocks.Secondly,visitinglighthouseswillhelpustounderstandthelivesoflighthousekeepers.Bytheir\verynature,lighthouseswerebuiltonsomerocksorcliffs.Thus,thelighthousekeepersoftenlivedlonelylives.Towalkaroundtheirsmallhomeandimaginetheangrystormoutsidebeatingagainstthewalls,istotakeasteptowardsunderstandingthelivestheyhad.Thereasonsforavisittoalighthousearenotallsobackward-lookingintime.Itistruethatlighthouseswerebuiltinout-of-the-wayplaces.Butonapleasantsunnysummerday,thisveryisolationhasanaturalbeautythatmanypeoplewilllovetoexperience.Therefore,withthegentlewavestouchingallroundthelighthouse,thevisitorislikelytothinkitisaworldpreferabletothebusyandnoisymodernlife.Anotherreasonforconsideringavisitisthatthelighthousesthemselvescanbeveryattractivebuildings.Mankindcouldoftennotbecontentjusttoputupabasicstructure,butfelttheneed,eveninsuchanisolatedplace,tobuildwithanartistictouch.Theresultisaviewfortiredeyestoenjoy.Finally,lighthouseshavearomanticattraction,summedupbytheimageoftheoil-skincoaledkeeperclimbinghiswindingstairstotakecareofthelighttowarnshipsandsavelives.68.Theunderlinedphrase“out-of-the-way”inparagraph4means__________.A.far-awayB.dangerousC.ancientD.secret2005年高考英語(yǔ)浙江卷（B）SpecialBridgesHelpAnimalsCrosstheRoadReportedbySheilaCarrickWhydidthechickencrosstheroads?Togettotheotherside.Mostpeopleknowthisjoke.Butrecently,somepeoplehavebeenmuchmoreworriedabouthowthegrizzlyhearandmountainlioncancrosstheroad.“MillionsofanimalsdieeachyearonU.S.roads,”theFederalHighwayAdministrationreports.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.“Ecopassages”mayhelpanimalscrosstheroadwithoutbeinghitbycars.Theyarepathsbothoverandunderroads.“Theseecopassgescanbeextremelyuseful,sothatwildlifecanavoidroadaccidents,”saidJodiHiltyoftheWildlifeConservationSociety.Butdoanimalsactuallyusetheecopassages?Theanswerisyes.PaulBeierofNorthernArizonaThenexttimeyouvisitaparkordrivethroughanareawithalotofwildlife,lookaround.Youmightseeananimaloverpass!47.Whenthewritersaysthatanimalsseem“tobecatchingon”,hemeans________.A.a