東方英語(yǔ) 核心語(yǔ)法講義（劍波）

231（抓主干+總論）什么是語(yǔ)法？什么是語(yǔ)法？如何學(xué)習(xí)考研語(yǔ)法？一、什么是語(yǔ)法？詞法(常見完形填空，寫作)EgEgWomenareexposed stress.（考研完型填空）A.inB.onC.withD.toThecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthorsattributeto“l(fā)esscodifieddecisionmakingprocess”（2016英語(yǔ)二完型）快樂(lè)與投資之間的關(guān)系在年輕的公司上表現(xiàn)得特別明顯，作者把這( )于“不那么墨守成規(guī)的決策過(guò)程”。[code準(zhǔn)則，編碼，法典；codifyv.編纂（使準(zhǔn)則化）]Thecourtshouldmakeitselfsubjecttothecodeofconduct.(2012英一完型)翻譯：法院應(yīng)該使自己()于行為準(zhǔn)則。句法(考研所有板塊)Isecondyou.Ifindyouadog.二、為什么需要學(xué)習(xí)考研語(yǔ)法？譯難句（考研英語(yǔ)難點(diǎn)）Idon’tloveyoubecauseyouaresobeautiful.Idon’tteachbecauseitearnsgoodmoney.Humansdonotcrybecausetheyaresad.（2011英一完型）造美句（實(shí)現(xiàn)高分,后期實(shí)現(xiàn)）Withpeople’slivingpacequickening,隨著人民生活節(jié)奏加快,（獨(dú)立主格）itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat,眾所周知,（形式主語(yǔ)）candirectlyorindirectly,changeourlife信息技術(shù)能直接或間接影響我們的生活,（插入語(yǔ)）factthatinformationtechnologyimprovestheefficiency由于這一事實(shí)：信息技術(shù)提高了效率,（狀語(yǔ)從句）whichisverythought-provokinganddeservesafurtheranalysis.這很發(fā)（定語(yǔ)從句）整合：Withpeople’slivingpacequickening,itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat,informationtechnologycan,directlyorindirectly,changeourlifeduetothefactthatinformationtechnologyimprovestheefficiency,whichisverythought-provokinganddeservesafurtheranalysis.翻譯：隨著人民生活節(jié)奏加快,眾所周知,信息技術(shù)能直接或間接影響我們的生活,由于這一事實(shí)：信息技術(shù)提高了效率,這很發(fā)人深省，并且值得進(jìn)一步分析。秒長(zhǎng)句（考研英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)）Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem（2010年英語(yǔ)二27詞）ofcrucialminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionthatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.(2010英語(yǔ)二98詞)novel,”manyreviewersperceivedviolationsoftheconventionsoftherealisticnovelform,pointingoutvariouslythatlateinthebook,thenarratorprotagonistCelieandherfriendsarepropelledtowardahappyendingwithmorevelocitythancredibility,thatthelettersfromNettietohersisterCelieintrudeintothemiddleofthemainactionwithlittlemotivationorwarrant,andthatthedeviceofCelie’sletterstoGodisespeciallyunrealisticinasmuchasitforgoestheconcretizingdetailsthattraditionallyhavegiventheepistolarynovel(thatis,anovelcomposedofletters)itspeculiarverisimilitude:therusestoenablemailingletters,thecache,andespeciallythelettersreceivedinreturn.（130詞）秒長(zhǎng)句：主干公式-抓謂語(yǔ)11抓所有動(dòng)詞2去掉非謂語(yǔ)3去掉從句謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)即唯一注意：注意：1）and；orthan2）diddone怎么辦？操練：Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthorsattributeto“l(fā)esscodifieddecisionmakingprocess”.AstudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,aswell.Thosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealcorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.TheteacherwhodiscoveredthatstudentswhowereeasytoteachbecausetheysucceededinputtingeverythingthattheylearnedintopracticehesitatedwhenconfrontedwiththevastunknownareaofEnglishvocabularyandusagewhichfelloutsidethescopeofbasictextbooksshowedaspecialinterestinlanguageacquisition.教師發(fā)現(xiàn)教學(xué)生很容易教師能夠?qū)W以致用學(xué)生對(duì)未知詞匯猶豫教師對(duì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)有興趣操練：抓主干做題。（對(duì)文本會(huì)偶爾略作改變，調(diào)整難度）Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaveappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwhywehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisthatwehavemadegreatadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.2013英二閱讀Text1）Thearticleisusedtoillustratethereasonof .theimpactoftechnologicaladvancesthealleviationofjobpressuretheshrinkageoftextilemills[C]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes三、如何學(xué)習(xí)考研語(yǔ)法？總論：抓謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，找主干 （45%）（1次課）主干理論--閱讀翻譯寫作應(yīng)用(50%)（2次課）定語(yǔ)理論--閱讀翻譯寫作應(yīng)用(60%)（2次課）狀語(yǔ)理論--閱讀翻譯寫作應(yīng)用(70%)（2次課）名從理論--閱讀翻譯寫作應(yīng)用(80%)（2次課）定從理論--閱讀翻譯寫作應(yīng)用(90%)（2次課）狀從理論--閱讀翻譯寫作應(yīng)用(95%)（2次課）特殊句理論--閱讀翻譯寫作應(yīng)用(100%)（2次課）共計(jì)：課后作業(yè)：真題操練抓主干（注意：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)并列在一起）Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandryforsuchanexperiment—althoughnoonehadproposedtodoso—andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.（1999年英一閱讀）選擇題：Whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35llionyarsago,i,asyet,anunnsweedquesto.005年英一閱讀）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?Itevolvedfromanuncertainsource.Itcanbeonlyfoundinhumans.Itwasdevelopedbythecommonancestor.Itmightbefoundinotheranimals.2主干家族—五大基?{句1：主謂Industrypays.Pleasurecanvanish.（2005年英一閱讀）Tangibleisteaching.2：主謂賓Iloveyou.Herefusedtoaccepttheapology.Ilookforwardtoyourreply. Itakecareofyou.Goodmemorydependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.(2007年英一閱讀）區(qū)分成分形式主謂主謂賓?某些動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞IIliveapeacefullife.Ilivepeacefully.3:主系表Heisagoodloser.America’sindustrywasontheropes.2000年英一閱讀)Elizabethlookshandsome.1Ineverfeeloverwhelmed.2013年英二翻譯)Effortlesssuccessmaybecomeadreadfulhandicap.2001年英一閱讀）區(qū)分成分形式主謂賓主系表Itastethefish.Thefishtastesdelicious.主干4：主+謂+雙賓語(yǔ)（直賓；間賓）Ifoundyouadog.Iwillteachyoualesson.Thedistrictisgivingstudentsapass.2012年英二閱讀)5：主+謂+賓+補(bǔ)Ifindthegirlbeautiful. ImadeJackhappy.Thestudentsfindhomeworktobeunimportant.(2012年英二閱讀)Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismashappy.(2014年英二翻譯)Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling.(2010年英一閱讀)區(qū)分成分形式主謂雙賓2主謂賓補(bǔ)IImadeyouhappy.Imadeyoucoffee.Imadeyoumyassistant.課后練習(xí)：判斷以下句型及各類成分：Weforgetthesewriters.Thesewritersareforgotten. (2011年英一閱讀)Itastetheapple.Theappletastesgood.Ifoundthebookeasily.Ifoundthebookeasy.Wegotdepressed.Bothchildrenandadultsgotpresents.Hegotherapresent.Hegothisshoesandsockswet.chairmanoftheStudents’Union.chairmanoftheStudents’Union.3考研語(yǔ)法長(zhǎng)難句3翻譯技巧導(dǎo)入：（10）Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryended2010年英二閱讀)Spendingofanysortbecameunfashionable.(2010年英二閱讀)Thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcenturyplayedarole.(2006年英一閱讀)Thephrase“l(fā)essismore”waspopularizedbyaGerman.(2011年英二閱讀)1Powerfulmemorydoesn’tmakemyemotionsanymoreacuteorvivid2013年英二翻譯)Hegavetheworldthefinalandpolishedwork.（2019年英語(yǔ)二翻譯）Thepleasureandstimulationthatpeopleofallagesfindontheirscreensandsmartphonesmustnotblindustotheharmthatspendingtimeinthiswaythatcancause.ThefindingthatthehighrateofdepressioninBritishteenagegirlsiscorrelatedtotimespentonsocialmediaisconcerning.Researchdrawnfrominterviewswithalmost11,00014-year-oldsfoundthattwoinfivegirlswereonsocialmediaforatleastthreehoursaday,withhalfasmanyboysthatwereengagedtothesameextent.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshaveovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenadjustingteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,2longerframes. (2008年英一閱讀)二、主干閱讀應(yīng)用：Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecuritiesInfactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermarkersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.”(2014英二閱讀)EpleyEpleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto _underestimatetheirinsecuritiesbelieveintheirattractivenesscoveruptheirdepressionsoversimplifytheirillusions3）WashingtonwhohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWarovercamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill2008年英一閱讀)ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.(2003年英一閱讀)課后練習(xí)：判斷以下句型及各類成分：Weforgetthesewriters.Thesewritersareforgotten. 年英一閱讀)Itastetheapple.Theappletastesgood.Ifoundthebookeasily.Ifoundthebookeasy.Wegotdepressed.Bothchildrenandadultsgotpresents.Hegotherapresent.Hegothisshoesandsockswet.4chairmanoftheStudents’Union.chairmanoftheStudents’Union.歸納系動(dòng)詞：54主干家族寫作應(yīng)用一、主干寫作初識(shí)（不定項(xiàng)）我愛過(guò)。Iloved.Ihaveloved.Ilovedyou.Iusedtoloveyou.他一度很難成功。Hewashardtosucceed.Hewasdifficulttosucceed.Successisnoteasytohim.Successwasnoteasytohim.武漢有一個(gè)女孩有一顆真誠(chéng)的心。Wuhanhasagirl,withasincereheart.ThereisagirlinWuhanwhohasasincereheart .ThereisagirlwithasincereheartinWuhan.InWuhanexistsagirl,withasincereheart.我的翻譯寫得很好。Mytranslationwritesgood.Mytranslationwriteswell.Iwritethetranslationwell.Mytranslationiswrittenwell.期待見到你。1Ilookforwardtomeetyou.Lookforwardtomeetyou.Lookingforwardtomeetingyou.Ilookforwardtomeetingyou.我今天吃食堂。Ieatcanteentoday.Ieatincanteentoday.Ieatsomethinginthecanteentoday.Ieatinthecanteentoday.二、主干寫作應(yīng)用：20102020年增加。主謂賓：它已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了至關(guān)重要的影響。主系表：有一個(gè)年輕的美國(guó)女孩。主謂賓賓：新時(shí)代將帶給我們機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。主謂賓補(bǔ)：我們選舉他為班長(zhǎng)。三、重點(diǎn)詞法梳理：2“三姨太”標(biāo)志詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式閱讀理解：Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”oftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,thebrainisoff-lineAndoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallyussleepandfeelbetterIt’syourdream,”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”（2003年英一閱讀）ResearchersResearchershavecometobelievethatdreams .canbemodifiedintheircoursesaresusceptibletoemotionalchangesreflectourinnermostdesiresandfearsarearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs3練習(xí)：用動(dòng)詞正確形式填空：Recently,there (be)agrowingconcernoverthetopicofthechoiceaftergraduation.Noagreement (reach)bythetwosidesinthepast.Butthetrend (continue)inthenearfuture.：英一改錯(cuò)題）Allthosesoundgreatlyintheory.（1999英一改錯(cuò)題）ThegirllikeChineseculture.Culturesaroundtheworldisbecomingsimilarlytoday.TheculturalcommunicationmakemoreforeignerknowChina.Chinahasopeneditsdoortotheworldin1979,morepeoplevisitChina,becomeinterestedinChineseculture.Theycommunicatemorewithpeoplebelongtoothercultures.（2002英一大作文）（確定主干基本句型并進(jìn)行主干翻譯）1.WashingtonwhohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWarofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill2008年英一閱讀)4ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell2003年英一閱讀)55語(yǔ)法理論—修飾集團(tuán)定語(yǔ)一、定語(yǔ)的作用二、定語(yǔ)的形式三姑atoughguy；arunningman；awindingroad；abrokenheartprofit-drivenbusinessmen；market-orientedeconomy六婆1.astudentmajoringinArtamanrunningontheplaygroundfromAsia2.businessmendrivenbyprofitstimespentonsocialmediabookspublishedinthe20thcentury3.theabilitytopayaproblemtobesolved4.1theappleofmyeyetheimmigrationofEuropeanpeoplesthereaderundertheageofforty5.agirlkindtomethefoodanddrinknecessarytoussomethingcrucialandessential6.n.+that/wh-...agirlwhoisbeautiful筆記區(qū)域：筆記區(qū)域：深度鞏固：themarketingofproductsforchildren（2012年英二閱讀）therevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990s（2000年英一閱讀）intimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite（2006年英一閱讀）thedramaticchangestakingplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapers 年英一閱讀）onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilprices（2002年英一閱讀）2physiciansfrustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient（2003年英一閱讀）newspaperreviewspublishedinEngland（2010英一閱讀）theinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage（2010英一閱讀）課后練習(xí)：3句話。3長(zhǎng)難句語(yǔ)法6修飾集團(tuán)定語(yǔ)--翻譯閱讀寫作應(yīng)用一、多重定語(yǔ)的翻譯應(yīng)用：ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefact.(2000年英一閱讀)AlargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.(2004年英一閱讀)Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstores. (2006年英一閱讀)二、多重定語(yǔ)的閱讀應(yīng)用：Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Thewriterseems .optimisticsensitivegloomyscaredPeopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite,”thesewerestoresthat“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.(2006英一閱讀)Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcentury .playedaroleinthespreadofpopularculturebecameintimateshopsforcommonconsumerssatisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableeliteoweditsemergencetothecultureofconsumption三、多重定語(yǔ)的寫作應(yīng)用：定語(yǔ)寫作初識(shí)三姑：adj/doing/done小紅花：六婆：doing.../todo.../done.../adj.../prep.../that...高中的女孩：一朵他做的花兒：一個(gè)帥氣的藝術(shù)專業(yè)的男孩送給那個(gè)在高中坐在他旁邊的善良的女孩一朵親自制作的小紅花?？佳凶魑牡诙魏诵谋磉_(dá)解釋問(wèn)題的原因：thereasons （account）fortheproblem;導(dǎo)致變化的因素：thefactors (lead)tothechanges;要解決的問(wèn)題：aproblem (address)教育扮演的角色：arole (play)byeducation圖片反映的現(xiàn)象：thephenomenon (mirror)bythepicture;圖片反映的現(xiàn)象背后的驅(qū)動(dòng)力：課后練習(xí)：2022考研真題操練（第二段高分句型翻譯操練）這一現(xiàn)象背后的隱藏的原因是什么？首先，要考慮的最重要的因素是全面發(fā)展。其次，我們應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注教育扮演的角色。這兩個(gè)原因是圖片反映的現(xiàn)象背后的驅(qū)動(dòng)力。7語(yǔ)法理論——修飾集團(tuán)狀語(yǔ)1、單詞：Sheisverybeautiful.Ireallylikeherverymuch.It’salldeliciouslyironic.(2006英一閱讀)2、短語(yǔ)：In2015,Ileftschool.3、句子:Yousayitbestwhenyousaynothingatall.InChengdu,Ilovedagirl.InChengduIlovedagirl.Ilovedagirl,inChengdu.IlovedagirlinChengdu.修飾區(qū)分有無(wú)名詞定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)區(qū)分定狀：區(qū)分定狀：WatchingOlympicWinterGames,IloveBingDwenDwen.1IteachstudentsmajoringinEnglish.ItalkedwithanEnglishmantoimproveEnglish.IfoundawaytoimproveEnglish.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.（2013英二閱讀）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)形式時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)doingtododonehavingdoneLiftingmyeyes,Iwatchthebrightmoon.Watchingthemoon,Iwasdrownedinhomesickness.TorevitalizeChina,Iworkhard.Despairedatthefuture,Iquit.Havingdespairedatthefuture,Istandfirmly.狀語(yǔ)公式：找定狀再翻譯：Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.（2003英一閱讀）2課后練習(xí)：找定狀再翻譯Declaringhisoppositiontothetechnology,heaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.（1999英一閱讀）312定語(yǔ)---從句理論作用二、定語(yǔ)從句形式that/which/as區(qū)別:thatwhichasIlovemymotherthat/whoisateacher.Ilovemymother,whoisateacher.三、定從同從區(qū)別從句形式翻譯辨別從句：1ThereasonthatIlookforistrue.ThereasonthatIloveyouistrue.ThereasonwhyIloveyouisclear.IknowthereasonwhenIlovedyou.翻譯長(zhǎng)難句翻譯長(zhǎng)難句Theseleadersarethelivingproofthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.(2003英一閱讀)寫作應(yīng)用：這些團(tuán)隊(duì)是活生生的證據(jù)：他們能夠解決伴隨著工作和生活自然產(chǎn)生的挑（2012寫作真題）branchofintellectualenquirythatseekstostudyhumansinthereasoned,orderly,systematicanddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.（2003英一翻譯）四、定語(yǔ)從句的省略That(名名法則)Thatisthewayitis.（that在哪兒？）Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbs.(2013英二翻譯)定從公式：2Itisdifficultfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.（2010英一閱讀）averagereader:普通讀者h(yuǎn)igh-qualityartscriticism:高質(zhì)量文學(xué)評(píng)論Theriseofacommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia.（2006英一閱讀）ideal:理想的ideology:意識(shí)形態(tài)track:跟蹤massmedia：大眾傳媒38高分寫作應(yīng)用——修飾集團(tuán)狀語(yǔ)一、狀語(yǔ)寫作初識(shí)：英譯漢并找出狀語(yǔ)OversleepinginspringImissedthedawn.Beingestablishedat30andbeingnolongerperplexedat40,understandingthewillofheavenat50andlisteningtoeverythingwithoutfeelingunhappyat60,amanseizesthetime.Havingseenthevastnessofanocean,onewillnevercontenthimselfwithapoolofwater.HavingviewedthecloudsovertheWuMount,onewillcallnothingelseacloud.Withthreemenwalkingtogether,oneofthemmustbequalifiedtobemyteacher.二、狀語(yǔ)寫作應(yīng)用：(broaden)yourhorizonsand(enrich)extracurricularexperiences,theanactivity.（小作文必備）inauniversitymajorinArt.（小作文必備）Withalltheanalyses（consider）aconclusioncanbemade.（大作文必備）1譚劍波在講課看著學(xué)生同時(shí)一只鳥在飛。thepastgainnewinsightsateacher.一只母雞仰望天空拿了張紙（1998英一寫作）1) 一個(gè)可愛的美國(guó)女孩穿著傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)服裝（2003英一寫作）2有一組農(nóng)村的人口數(shù)量劇烈地下降（2014英二寫作）（）這一現(xiàn)象背后的隱藏的原因是什么？多的人。文化。最后，興起的信息技術(shù)是另一個(gè)幕后的推動(dòng)力，傳播不同文化的信息。（2003英一寫作）Sowhataretheinvisible/intangiblereasonsbehindthephenomenon?Theabove-mentionedthreefactorsarethedrivingforcebehindthephenomenonmirroredbythepicture.39語(yǔ)法理論——名詞性從句（上）陳述句Iloveyou.A=Iloveyoua. Aisthereason.b. IknowA.c. ThereasonisA.d. IknowthequestionA.一般疑問(wèn)句A=DoIloveyou?a. Aisthereason.b. IknowA.c. ThereasonisA.d. IknowthequestionA.特殊疑問(wèn)句A=WhydoIloveyou?1a. Aisthereason.b. IknowA.c. ThereasonisA.d. IknowthequestionA.總結(jié)：三大句型，四大功能。1. 主語(yǔ)從句:Thatwh-...1)That+步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合4.應(yīng)用Thatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhereis步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合4.應(yīng)用2）Wh-(who/what/whether)asenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorisanunansweredquestion.（2005年英一閱讀）步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合24.應(yīng)用重要補(bǔ)充：形式主語(yǔ): It...that/wh-...It...todo...;ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing.2003英一閱讀)步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合undertheageoffortytoimagineatime.（2010英一閱讀）步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.修飾3.整合課后練習(xí)：改寫為形式主語(yǔ)：Thatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhereissurelyagoodthing.(2014英一閱讀)Tomeetyouisnice.310語(yǔ)法理論——名詞性從句（下）賓語(yǔ)從句:vprepbeadj.(直覺或感情)+thatwh-…1）Ithink(that)hothothotissensational.步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsshouldnotbeusedforsuchanexperiment.(1999英一閱讀)步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合1Theboyisconvincedthathecanexploreasmanycareerpathsashelikes.（2018年英二翻譯）步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合表語(yǔ)從句:be/系動(dòng)thatwh-...步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetect步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合同位語(yǔ)從句n抽象名thatwh-...抽象名：idea/fact/feeling/chance/possibility/phenomenon/proof/notion/claim…Itisthesurestproofthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.（1995英一閱讀）2步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合4.應(yīng)用intheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmericanautoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket.（2001英一閱讀）步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合notionthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangesisimportant.（2006英一閱讀）步驟：翻譯：1.主干2.從句3.整合4.應(yīng)用名從公式：3課后練習(xí)：找出下列從句并判斷從句種類Whatwasimportanttoherwasherfamily.Hedecidedtoseewhetheritgotanybetter.Isthereanypossibilitythatyoucouldpickmeupattheairport?Whatworrieshimishowhecanfinishsodifficultajobwithinaweek.We’veagreedonwhenandwherewewillgooutforapicnic.Itisknowntousallthattheearthisround.Youcanrelyonitthathewillcometoyourhelp.Whoeverbreaksthelawshallbepunishedbythelaw.4名詞性從句——翻譯閱讀應(yīng)用判斷從句種類：Whatwasimportanttoherwasherfamily.Hedecidedtoseewhetheritgotanybetter.Isthereanypossibilitythatyoucouldpickmeupattheairport?Whatworrieshimishowhecanfinishsodifficultajobwithinaweek.We’veagreedonwhenandwherewewillgooutforapicnic.Itisknowntousallthattheearthisround.Youcanrelyonitthathewillcometoyourhelp.Whoeverbreaksthelawshallbepunishedbythelaw.名詞性從句的翻譯應(yīng)用Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumethattheyarepresidingoverisforreal.DeclaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumansheorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperimentandaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.(1999英一閱讀)名詞性從句的閱讀應(yīng)用Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.1Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonallyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s2010英二閱讀)Eveninthe1960s,womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestatesbecause .theywereautomaticallybannedbystatelawstheyfellfarshortoftherequiredqualificationstheyweresupposedtoperformdomesticdutiestheytendedtoevadepublicengagement四、名詞性從句升華練習(xí)是否大學(xué)生應(yīng)該創(chuàng)業(yè)還是他們應(yīng)該求職，是個(gè)熱門問(wèn)題。關(guān)注。.213定語(yǔ)從句--翻譯閱讀應(yīng)用(翻譯每個(gè)句子）一、定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯應(yīng)用Realisticoptimistsarethosewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.（2014英二翻譯）Thereisperspectivewhichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegrandschemeoflifeonelecturereallydoesn’tmatter.（2014英二翻譯）二、定語(yǔ)從句的閱讀應(yīng)用ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe“peculiarinstitution,”whichisincludingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation.（2008英一閱讀）(T/F) Slaverywasregardedasapeculiarinstitution.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSwedenthatspendfarlessonmedicalcarehaveachievedlongerhealthierlivesthanwehave.（2003英一閱讀）1JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare .[A]moreflexibly [B]moreextravagantlymorecautiously [D]morereasonably）Thewomanwassavedfromarapistbyagayrapistwhorapedtherapist.課后練習(xí)：Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.（2008英一閱讀）Washington’sdecisiontofreeslavesoriginatedfromhis .itaryexperience.financialconditions.politicalstand.214狀語(yǔ)從句理論+應(yīng)用語(yǔ)從句的作用：語(yǔ)從句的形式：語(yǔ)從句的類型：類型邏輯連接詞時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因目的結(jié)果條件讓步比較方式狀從重點(diǎn)：ifIfyouseeanarticleconsistentlyadvertised,itisthesurestproofthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforit.(1995英語(yǔ)一閱讀)Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.(2008英語(yǔ)一閱讀)1虛擬語(yǔ)氣總結(jié)：四、狀語(yǔ)從句的省略變化。doingdone withtheothertwogroups,thesatisfactionlevelisthehighest.（2012英二大作文）A.WhencomparedB.CompareC.WhilecomparingD.ComparingIf