備考2023年高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語測試 14 閱讀理解：主旨大意題 - (解析版)

專題14閱讀理解：主旨大意題

備考2023年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測-測（解析版）

時間：60分鐘

名校最新模擬試題主旨大意題（共20小題）

1.（2022年8月浙江省“山水聯(lián)盟”高三聯(lián)考）

Youreallyshouldaskthequestion:willmydonationtothischarityactuallyhelpthepeopleorcause?

Sometimesitmakesmattersworse.Forexample,manycharitieshelpAfricanpeopleinstallwaterpumpsto

delivercleanwatertotheircommunities.Moneyhasbeeninvestedoverthepast20yearstoinstallatotalof60,

000pumpsacrosssub-SaharanAfrica.However,today40%ofthosehavefailedtoworkatsomepoint.Theyhave

beenleftthere,likeexpensivebutuselessdecorations.

Ultimately,towhomandhowmuchyougiveisyourchoice.Itisimportanttoprovidehighlyspecialized

servicesinsteadofmaterialgoods.Asageneralruleofthumb,themoreyourdonationmatchestheneedofthe

receivers,thebetteritwillbeforthelong-termprosperityofthoseyouwanttohelp.

15.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Hasyourdonationhitadeadend?

B.Whyshouldyoumakeadonation?

C.Wheredoesmydonationtakeitsway?

D.Willmydonationtocharityreallyhelp?

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Youreallyshouldaskthequestion:willmydonationtothischarityactually

helpthepeopleorcause?”（你真的應(yīng)該問這樣一個問題：我對這個慈善機構(gòu)的捐贈真的能夠幫助人們或者事

業(yè)嗎？）和最后一段“Asageneralruleofthumb,themoreyourdonationmatchestheneedofthereceivers,the

betteritwillbeforthelong-termprosperityofthoseyouwanttohelp."（根據(jù)一般的經(jīng)驗法則，你的捐贈越符合

接受者的需要，對你想幫助的人的長期繁榮就越有利。）可知，作者在這篇文章里主要討論的是慈善捐助應(yīng)

該切實符合被捐贈者的需要才算是真正有幫助的捐助。D選項“我的捐款真的有用嗎？”和文章意思一致。

故選D。

2.（河南省名校聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期開學(xué)考英語試題）

AblindChineseclimberreachedthesummit（頂點）ofQomolangma,knownintheWestasMountEverest,

onMondaymorning,becomingthefirstblindpersonfromAsiaevertoconquertheworld'shighestsummit.

ZhangHong,46,reachedthetopfromtheNepaliside,alongwiththreehigh-altitudeguides.

Zhang,whowasbominChongqing,losthissightattheageof21.HenowworksatFukangHospital

AffiliatedwithTibetUniversityinLhasa.AsZhangbeganhisclimbofQomolangma,whichis8,848.86meters

abovesealevel,hiscolleaguesinLhasawereexcitedtohearthenewsofhissuccess.

“Manypeoplemayhavedoubtedhisattemptofclimbingatfirst,butIwasconfidentinhimfromthe

beginning,MsaidKyila,thesecretaryoftheFukangAngelFoundation,whoalsoisablindperson."Iknewbefore

thathecouldmakeit,andhedidmakeit.Iamreallyhappyfbrhim.Heisamodelfbrblindpeopletoencourage

themtochasetheirdreams.^^

Zhang'spassionfbrclimbingwasinspiredbyLotse,afamousTibetanclimberwhoconqueredalltheworld's

14summitsabovethealtitudeof8,000meters.LotsehadsharedthestoryoftheblindUSmountaineerErik

Weihenmayer,whoclimbedQomolangmainMay2001.Zhangwastouchedbythestory,whichignitedhisdream

ofclimbing.

Asanamateurclimberforyears,Zhanghadconqueredthreemountainsabovethealtitudeof6,000meters

beforeclimbingtheworld'shighestsummit.HehadbegunpreparingfbrtheQomolangmaclimbin2019.

However,duetotheCOVID-19pandemic（流行病），allmountaineeringteamsonQomolangmawerecanceledin

NepalandChinalastyear,andhehadtowaituntilrecentlytofinallymaketheattempt.

7.What'sthebesttitlefbrthetext?

A.ZhangHongSetsanExampletoOthers

B.ABlindClimberReachesQomolangmaSummit

C.QomolangmaAttractsMoreChinesetoClimb

D.AChineseClimberGotThroughthePandemic

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第一段“AblindChineseclimberreachedthesummit（頂點）of

Qomolangma,knownintheWestasMountEverest,onMondaymorning,becomingthefirstblindpersonfrom

Asiaevertoconquertheworld'shighestsummit.（21II上午，一名中國盲人登上了被西方稱為"MountEverest''

的珠穆朗瑪峰。這是亞洲盲人登上珠峰的第一個人）''可知，本文主要講述了一名盲人攀登者登上了珠穆朗

瑪峰峰頂?shù)膲雅e，故"ABlindClimberReachesQomolangmaSummit（一名盲人攀登者登上了珠穆朗瑪峰峰

頂廠是文章最佳標(biāo)題。故選B項。

3.（云南省昆明市云南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期適應(yīng)性月考）

DianaNyadwasaprofessionalswimmer.Shewasinhertwentieswhenshedecidedtoswimaround

Manhattan.Thefirsttimeshetried,shedidn'tsucceed.Butshedidn'tgiveup.Shetriedagainandswamthe

twenty-eightmilesinlessthaneighthours.Thenshehadanothergoal:toswimfromCubatoFlorida,adistance

of110miles.Shedidn'tstoptosleep.Butshedidn'tfinish.Jellyfishattackedher,andtheweatherthrewheroff

course.Didshetryagain?Yes,butnotuntilthirty-threeyearslater.

Nyadretiredfromcompetitiveswimminginhertwenties.Forthenextthirtyyears,shedidn'tswimatall.

Shebecameasportscaster（體育比賽解說員）andajournalist.Butshedidn'tstopallphysicalactivities.She

alwayskeptinshape.EveryFridayshetookaone-hundred-milebikeride.

In2007,whenNyadwassixtyyearsold,hermotherdied.Shestartedtothinkaboutherownlife.Inthe

thirtyyearswhenshedidn'tswim,shealwaysthoughtaboutthepossibilityoftryingagain.Shedidn'twanttodie

withoutachievinghergoal.Shestartedtotrainagain.Bythesummerof2011,shetriedagain——andfailedagain

—aftertwenty-ninehoursinthewater.ShetriedtwomoretimesandfailedtoreachFloridaeachtime.What

kindsofproblemsdidsheface?Therewereattacksbyjellyfish,badweather,andbreathingproblemsfromasthma

（哮喘）.Howdidshesolvetheproblemofjellyfish?Forherfifthattempt,sheworeabodysuitandmasktoprotect

againstjellyfishstings.OnAugust31,2013,afterfifty-threehoursofswimming,shereachedtheFloridashore,

thirty-fiveyearsafterherfirstattempt.Nyadachievedwhatyoungerandstrongerswimmerscouldnot.

Nyadalwaystellspeople,"Nevergiveup.”

27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.IfatFirstYouDon'tSucceed

B.SwimmingCuresAsthma

C.HowtoSwimaroundManhattan

D.GettingRidofBeingStungbyJellyfish

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意題。文章主要講述了主人公DianaNyad在失敗后不放棄，最終獲得成功的故事。由此可

知，“IfatFirstYouDon'tSucceed（如果初試不成功）“適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選A。

4.（山東省東營市第一中學(xué)2022?2023學(xué)年10月月考）

Theworkinseniorhighschoolissomethingfreshmenareprobablyworriedabout.Itbuildsonwhatyou

learnedinjuniorhighschool,givingyouamoreadvanced（高深的）knowledgeofmanysubjects.Soyoumay

findyouhavemoreworktodoorthatit'sabitmorechallenging.Ifyoueverfindyourworktoodifficult,teachers

cangiveyouextrahelp.

Seniorhighschoolalsohasmoreafter-schoolactivitiesthanjuniorhighschool,suchasclubs,musicand

theatergroupsandsportsteams.Thisisagoodtimetoexploreyourinterestsandtrynewthings.

Juniorhighschooltaughtyouthebasicsoftimemanagementandsocialskillswhileprovidingyouwithalittle

extrasupportandguidance.Seniorhighschoolgivesyouthechancetolearnhowtobemoreindependentand

responsible.

7.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.WhatyouHllearninseniorhighschool.

B.Whatyoulearnedinjuniorhighschool.

C.Thedifferencebetweenjuniorhighschoolandseniorhighschool.

D.Theimportanceofbeingmoreindependentandresponsible.

【答案】C

（解析】主旨大意題o根據(jù)最后一段“Juniorhighschooltaughtyouthebasicsoftimemanagementandsocial

skillswhileprovidingyouwithalittleextrasupportandguidance.Seniorhighschoolgivesyouthechanceto

learnhowtobemoreindependentandrcsponsiblc.（初中教會了你時間管理和社交技能的基礎(chǔ)知識，同時也為

你提供了一些額外的支持和指導(dǎo)。高中給了你學(xué)習(xí)如何更獨立和負責(zé)任的機會）“可知，最后一段主要是關(guān)

于初中和高中的區(qū)別的。故選C。

5.（湖南省長沙市雅禮中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期月考）

LisaGautierreceivesnearlyadozenparcelsofhumanhaireveryday.WithherSan-Francisco-based

non-profitorganizationMatterofTrust,Gautierturnsdonatedhairintomatsusedtosoakupoilspillsonland,and

booms(longtubes)usedforspillsatsea.

Astandardwaytocleanupoilfromlandistousematsmadefrompolypropylene(聚丙烯).But

polypropyleneisanon-biodegradableplastic,andproducingitultimatelymeansmoredrillingforoil.Hair,by

contrast,isanenvironmentallyfriendlyresourcethatcansoakuparoundfivetimesitsweightinoil,accordingto

MatterofTrust,anditisabundant.

Oilspillscanpollutedrinkingwater,endangerpublichealth,harmplantsandwildlife,anddamagethe

economy.AccordingtoGautier,thespillsthathittheheadlinesonlymakeup5%ofglobaloilpollution.

MeganMurray,anenvironmentalbiologistattheUniversityofTechnologySydney,developssustainable

technologiestotackleoilspills.Herresearchindicatesthataswellasbeingbiodegradable,humanhairisoftenjust

aseffectiveaspolypropylene,andinsomecircumstancesevenbetter.46Thehairmatsareverybeneficialtoland

spills,?,saysMurraybutaddsthatwhenrawoilisspilledonbeachsand,itisverydifficulttoabsorbitusinganyof

thematerialsshehastested.Anotheradvantageofhairisthatitcostslessthanconventionalmaterialsandis

"globallyaccessibleasarecycledmaterial,Mshesays.

However,Murraycautionsthathairmatsarenotaperfectsolution,becausetheyaresingle-use,andcanonly

bedealtwithbyburningorbyburyingintosoilwhichthenisn'tsuitableforgrowingfood.Sheisnowresearching

methodstoextracttheoilfromausedhairmat,meaningbothcanbereused.

Asthehairmatdesignsaren'tunderpatent,othergroupshavebegunproducingtheirownmatsandbooms.

Gautierispleasedtoseethemovementgrowing."Anyonecanmakeahairmat,“shesays.“Itcreatesgreenjobs,it

cleanswater,itreduceswasteinlandfill,andit'spromotingrenewableresources.”

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowtoTackleOilSpills

B.APerfectRecycledMaterial——HumanHair

C.TakeActiontoMakeHairMatsAndBooms

D.HumanHairIsBeingUsedtoCleanUpOilSpills

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章整體分析，文章全篇都在說人的頭發(fā)對于清潔泄漏的石油的作用，它并不

是一個完美的解決方案，MeganMurray正在嘗試去優(yōu)化這個方案。故選D項。

6.（江蘇省蘇州市2022-2023學(xué)年高三期初考試英語試題）

Figureskating,speedskating,andicehockeycanalltracetheirbeginningstoearlycivilizationsthatfastened

animalbonestotheirfeettoskateonice,accordingtoADictionaryofBritishHistory.Bonerunnersfoundin

Switzerlanddateasfarbackas3000B.C.andthereisalsoevidenceoficeskatinginScandinaviaintheMiddle

Ages.

ModemskatinglikelygotitsstartintheNetherlands,whereitwasconsideredanationalrecreationinthe

early17thcentury,whennoblesskatedonfrozencanalsforfun.WealthyEuropeanspickedupthesportwhile

visitingtheNetherlands,andBritishroyalssoonbroughtskatingbacktoEnglandinthelate1600s.Whenthe

Thamesfrozeoverin1683,skatingwasamongthemanyrecreationsatLondon'sfamouswinterfairontheice,

whichKingCharlesIIattended.

Attheendofthe18thcentury,AmericanballetdancerJacksonHainestransfbnnedthesportintowhatisnow

knownasfigureskatingbyintroducingelementsofballettotheice.AccordingtotheDictionaryofAmerican

History,HainesskatedinbearandballetcostumesandtouredwithexhibitionsacrossEurope,wherehewasmost

admiredinVienna,Austria.

Sincethe1900s,differenticeskatingclubshavebeenfoundedaroundtheWesternworld.Asinterestgrew,

theclubs'membershipincreasedoverthenext50years.Bytheendof20thcentury,iceskatingwassowidespread

thatitwasoneofthefewrecreationsenjoyedbyalmosteverywesterner.

7.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.Howiceskatingcameintospotlight.

B.Howiceskatingbecamewell-received.

C.Whyiceskatingisfamousintheworld.

D.WhyiceskatingentersWinterOlympics.

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意題。由第一段的“3000B.C.（公元前3000年戶,第二段的“intheearly17thcentury。7世紀(jì)

早期）”，“inthelate1600s（在17世紀(jì)末）”和“in1683（1683年）”，第三段的“Attheendofthe18thcentury（18世

紀(jì)末廣，第四段的“in19thccntury（19世紀(jì)廠和最后一段“Bytheendof20thcentury倒20世紀(jì)末）”等表示時間

的短語看出，本文主要講述了不同時期不同滑冰方式是如何發(fā)展起來的，以及如何受到大家歡迎的，也就

是主要講的是滑冰是如何受到歡迎的。故選B。

7.（河北省保定市2022-2023學(xué)年高三9月份考試英語試題）

Abrokenheart,asadendingtoaloveaffair-that'ssomethingmostofushaveexperienced,orprobablywill.

Afterall,it'spartofhumanlife,needed,atleastonetime,tobecomemorefullyadult.Butnoquestion,the

experiencecanbedamaging.

Butresearchshowstherearepathwaysthroughtheheartache.Listeningtosadmusicisamajorone.Itcan

helpyoubegintofeeljoyandhopefulnessaboutyourlifeagain.Itcanactivateempathyandthedesiretoconnect

withothers——bothavenuesthroughtheprisonofheartacheanddespair.

Sadmusiccanhelphealandupliftyoufromyourbrokenheart.ArecentstudyfromGermanyshowsthe

emotionalimpactoflisteningtosadmusicisanarousaloffeelingsofempathy,compassion,andadesirefor

positiveconnectionwithothers.That,itself,ispsychologicallyhealing.Itdrawsyouawayfrombeingabsorbedin

yourselfandpossiblytowardshelpingothersinneedofcomfort.

Anotherexperiment,fromtheUniversityofKent,foundthatwhenpeoplewereexperiencingsadness,

listeningtomusicthatwas"beautifulbutsad“improvedtheirmood.Infact,itdidsowhenthepersonfirst

consciouslyraisedtheirawarenessofthesituationcausingtheirsadness,andthenbeganlisteningtothesadmusic.

Thatis,whentheyintendedthatthesadmusicmighthelp,theyfoundthatitdid.

Thesefindingslinkwithotherstudiesthatshowembracingyoursadsituationemotionally-acceptingreality

asitis-inspireshealingandgrowthbeyondit.Inshort,acknowledgingyourfullexperiencearouseshope.For

example,researchfromCornellUniversity,publishedinPsychologicalScience,foundthatembracingdiscomfort

aboutalifeexperienceornewsituation,andviewingitasasteptowardsgrowthandchange,generatesmotivation

tofindapathwaythroughit,beyondit.AsChurchillfamouslysaid,“Ifyou'regoingthroughhell,keepgoing.^^

Thatdiscomfortpointsyoutowardscreatingaplan,anewaction.Itfuelshope.

31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Sadmusicfuelshope.B.Heartbreakcanbedamaging.

C.Heartbreakispartofhumanlife.D.Sadmusicmayhealabrokenheart.

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Butresearchshowstherearcpathwaysthroughtheheartache.Listeningtosad

musicisamajorone.Itcanhelpyoubegintofecijoyandhopefulnessaboutyourlifeagain.Itcanactivate

empathyandthedesiretoconnectwithothers——bothavenuesthroughtheprisonofheartacheanddespair.（但研究

表明，心痛是有途徑的。聽悲傷的音樂是主要的。它可以幫助你重新對生活感到快樂和希望。它可以激發(fā)

同理心和與他人聯(lián)系的欲望——這兩種途徑都可以穿過心痛和絕望的牢籠）''結(jié)合文章主要說明了研究表明

悲傷的音樂可以振奮精神，幫助你重新對生活感到快樂和希望，激發(fā)同理心和與他人聯(lián)系的欲望?？芍?，

這篇文章的主旨是悲傷的音樂可以治愈受傷的心。故選De

8.（北京市北京師范大學(xué)附屬實驗中學(xué)2022.2023高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底考試）

Removinggenderbias

Tailorsworkedoutlongagothatmenandwomenhavedifferentshapes.Yetthismessagehasfailedtoenter

manyotherareasofdesign.Carseatbelts,forexample,whichdatebacktothe1880s,areoftenstillmoresuitable

fbrmen,whotendtositfartherbackthanwomenwhendriving.Andtodaythemostforward-lookingtech

companiesonEartharestillplacingold-schoolbias（偏見；成見）intonewproducts.Considersmartphones.Most

aretoobigtofitcomfortablyintotheaveragewoman'shand,asaremanyvideo-gamecontrollers.

Anobviouspartoftheexplanationfortheirdesignproblemisthatmencontrolmostofits

companies-male-runfirmsreceive82%ofventure-capital（VC）funding.Malebossesmaybeunawareofthe

problemswomenface.Theymaynotflagupobviousareasofconcern,orasktherightquestionswhendoingtheir

researchfbranewproductdesign.Andonceanideagetsthegreenlight,itwillthenbehandledbyproduct-design

andengineeringteams,three-quartersofwhosemembersaremen.Theseteamsoftenusedatatomakedecisions,

butmixingalluserstogethermeanstheymayfailtospottrendsbasedonsexdifferences.Dependenceon

historicaldata,andthelackofdataonunderrepresentedgroups,canalsocreatebiasinalgorithms（算法）.

Nextcomestesting.Naturally,designerstestoriginalmodelsontheirintendedcustomers,buttheymaynot

getfeedbackfromabroadenoughgroupofpeople.Thereisalsotheriskofconfirmationbias-designersmay

listentowhattheywanttohear,andignorenegativereactionsfromsomegroupsofusers.

Tech'sdesignbiasneedsfixingformoral,safetyandbusinessreasons.Theethicalimportanceisobvious:it

iswrongthatwomenhavetomakedowitha"one-size-fits?men“world,asCarolineCriadoPerez,awriter,putsit.

Asfbrsafety,regulatorscantacklethatbybanningthingsthataredangeroustowomen-includingseat

belts-becausetheyarcno!designedproperly.

Butthereisalsoapowerfulbusinesscasefbravoidingdesignbias,becausehugeopportunitiesarebeing

missed.Womenare50%ofthepopulation,andmake70—80%oftheworld'sconsumer-spendingdecisions.

28.WhatisdiscussedinParagraphs2and3?

A.Whytech'sdesignbiasneedstobefixed.

B.Howgenderbiasisaffectingtechcompanies.

C.Wheregenderbiasinproductdesignisrooted.

D.Whoistoblameforgenderbiasintechcompanies.

【答案】c

［解析】主旨大意題。通過閱讀文章第二，三段內(nèi)容可知，第二段中“Anobviouspartoftheexplanationfbrtheir

designproblemisthatmencontrolmostofitscompanies——male-runfirmsreceive82%ofventure-capital（VC）

funding.”（其設(shè)計問題的一個明顯原因是男性控制了大部分公司。男性經(jīng)營的公司獲得了82%的風(fēng)險投資。）

為該段的主旨句，由此可知，第二段主要講述了產(chǎn)品存在性別偏見的原因是男性控制了大部分公司，并且

在進行決策是，往往使用的是缺乏普適性的數(shù)據(jù)。第三段的主旨句為"Naturally,designerstestoriginalmodels

ontheirintendedcustomers,buttheymaynotgetfeedbackfromabroadenoughgroupofpeople.''（當(dāng)然，設(shè)計

師會在他們的目標(biāo)客戶身上測試原始模型，但他們可能無法從足夠廣泛的人群中獲得反饋），由此可知，

第三段講述了在進行產(chǎn)品測試時，設(shè)計師們無法從足夠廣泛的人群中得到反饋，且往往忽略一些用戶群體

的負面反饋。由此可知，第二，三段主要講述了在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計過程中，哪些環(huán)節(jié)出現(xiàn)了問題。故選C項。

9.（2023屆河南省洛陽市洛陽創(chuàng)新發(fā)展聯(lián)盟高三摸底考試英語試題）

Newresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewithmildcognitiveimpairment（認知I損壞）maynotnecessarilydevelop

dementia（癡呆）and,infact,havinghighereducationandadvancedlanguageskillsmorethandoublestheir

chancesofreturningtonormal.Thestudy,ledbyresearchersattheUniversityofWaterloo,mayreassurethose

withmildcognitiveimpairmentasitcontradictsacommonassumptionthattheconditionissimplyanearlystage

ofdementia.Peoplewithmildcognitiveimpairmentshowsignsofcognitivedecline,butnotenoughtoprevent

themfromperformingtypicaldailytasks.Theyhavebeenconsideredathigherriskofprogressingtothemore

severecognitivedeclineseenindementia.

31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Highereducationandlanguageskillsmayhelpstopdementia.

B.Ageandgeneticsareestablishedriskfactorsfbrdementia.

C.Astudyfocusesontheconsequenceofcognitiveimpairment.

D.Peoplewithcognitiveimpairmentshowcognitivedecline.

【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“infact,havinghighereducationandadvancedlanguageskillsmore

thandoublestheirchancesofreturningtonormal.（事實上，擁有高等教育和高級語言技能的人恢復(fù)正常的

幾率是普通人的兩倍多。）可知，文章將的是一個新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)即受過高等教育和擁有語言技能可能有助

于防止癡呆。A選項“Highereducationandlanguageskillsmayhelpstopdementia.”概括了該研究結(jié)論。故選

Ao

10.（浙江衢州二中2022屆高三英語第一次模擬考試）

ManyyearsagowhenIfirststartedtoplaytennisIwassocrazyaboutthesportthatItraveledtoallfourof

themajorgrandslams-Wimbledon,theFrenchOpen,theAustralianOpenandtheU.S.OpeninNewYorkCity.I

wassoveryimpressedwiththegreatchampionArthurAsheandsoadmiredhim,notonlyasthenumberone

tennisplayerintheworldforatimebutjustasmuchfbrhowdedicatedhewastoimprovingthelivesofeveryone,

especiallytheunfortunateoftheworld.Tome,hewasanincredibledoublechampion!

Whatagreatexperiencethathadbeenandwhatagreatmanhewas.Hewassomuchmorethanaworld

championtennisplayer.Fromayoungagegrowingupinasegregated（種族隔離的）society,hesetabouttohelp

changetheworldbyhelpingpeopleandthusmakingtheworldabetterplacefbrallofus.

Whenweareyoung,mostofusareprettyself-centeredandalmosteverythingwedoisdirectedatjust

helpingourselves.Butaswegrowolderandalittlewiser,weseethathelpingothersisnotonlyverysatisfying

butitcanmaketheworldabetterplacefbreveryoneformanyyearstocome.

3.Whatdidtheauthorwanttotellusinthestory?

A.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.

B.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.

C.Onegoodturndeservesanother.

D.Selflessnessisamarkofanhonorableman.

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，并結(jié)合最后一段“Whenweareyoung,mostofusarepretty

sell-centeredandalmosteverythingwedoisdirectedatjusthelpingourselves.Butaswegrowolderandalittle

wiser,weseethathelpingothersisnotonlyverysatisfyingbutitcanmaketheworldabetterplacefbreveryone

formanyyearstocome.（當(dāng)我們年輕的時候，我們大多數(shù)人都是以自我為中心的，我們所做的幾乎每件事

都是為了幫助自己。但是，隨著我們年齡和智慧的增長，我們看到幫助他人不僅是非常令人滿意的，而且

可以讓世界在未來的許多年里變得更美好）''可知，文章講述了世界冠軍阿瑟?阿什的樂于助人的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)，

這篇文章的主題就是凸顯ArthurAshe偉大的人格。所以作者通過這個故事要告訴我們“Selflessnessisamark

ofanhonorableman.（無私是高尚人的標(biāo)志）”這樣的道理。故選D。

11.（北京101中學(xué)2022屆上學(xué)期高三年級10月月考英語試卷）

“IfIonlyhadalittlehumility,I'dbeperfect,themediagiantTedTurnersupposedlysaidsometimein

the1990s.Whybemodest?Aristotlesaid:"AHmenbynaturedesiretoknow.^^Intellectualhumilityisa

particularinstanceofhumility,sinceyoucanbedown-to-earthaboutmostthingsbutstillignoreyourmental

limitations.

Intellectualhumilitymeansrecognisingthatwedon'tknoweverything.Actually,itmeansweshould

acknowledgethatwe'reprobablybiasedinourbeliefaboutjusthowmuchweunderstandandseekoutthe

sourcesofwisdomthatwelack.

TheInternetanddigitalmediahavecreatedtheimpressionoflimitlessknowledgeatourfingertips.But,

bymakinguslazy,theyhaveopenedupaspacethatignorancecanfill.ThepsychologistTaniaLombrozoof

theUniversityofCaliforniaexplainedhowtechnologyenhancesourillusions（錯覺）ofwisdom.Sheargues

thatthewayweaccessinformationiscriticaltoourunderstanding-andthemoreeasilywecanrecallan

image,wordorstatement,themorelikelywe'Hthinkwe'vesuccessfullylearnedit,andsowithdrawfrom

effortfulcognitiveprocessing.Logicalpuzzlespresentedinanunfriendlyfont（字體），forexample,can

encouragesomeonetomakeextraefforttosolvethem.Yetthisapproachrunscountertothenicedesignsof

theappsandsitesthatpopulateourscreens,whereourbrainprocessesinfbnnationina"smooth"way.What

aboutalltheinfbnnationthatpresentsonline?Well,yourcapacitytolearnfromitdependsonyourattitudes.

Intellectuallyhumblepeopledon'thideorignoretheirweaknesses.Infact,theyseethemassourcesof

personaldevelopment,anduseargumentsasanopportunitytorefinetheirviews.Peoplewhoarehumbleby

naturetendtobemoreopen-mindedandquickertoresolvedisputes,sincetheyrecognisethattheirown

opinionsmightnotbevalid.

Attheotherendofthescaleliesintellectualarrogance.Sucharrogancealmostalwaysoriginatesfromthe

egocentricbias-thetendencytooverestimatetheirownvirtueorimportance,ignoringtheroleofchanceor

theinfluenceofotherpeople'sactionsontheirlives.Thisiswhatmakesthesepeoplecreditsuccessto

themselvesandfailuretocircumstance.Fromanevolutionaryperspective,intellectualarrogancecanalsobe

seenasawayofachievingdominancethroughforcingone'sviewonothers.Intellectuallyarrogantpeople

hardlyinvestmentalresourcesindiscussionorworkingtowardsgroupconsensus,thusmakingithardfbr

groupstoworksuccessfully.

TheThriveCenterfbrHumanDevelopmentinCalifornia,whichseekstohelpyoungpeopleturninto

successfuladults,isfundingaseriesofmajorstudiesaboutintellectualhumility.Theirhypothesisisthat

humility,curiosityandopennessarekeytoafulfillinglife."Withouthumility,youareunabletolearn/'Laszlo

Bock,Google'sHeadofPeopleOperations,notes.

31.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.theharmarrogancedoestous

B.thekeyelementstoafulfillinglife

C.thesignificanceofintellectualhumility

D.thewaypeopleaccessinformationonline

【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意題。分析文章可知，文章主要講述了理解的謙遜的重要性。理智謙遜的人不會隱藏或忽

視自己的弱點，他們把這視為個人發(fā)展的源泉，并把爭論當(dāng)作完善自己觀點的機會。結(jié)合選項，故選C。

12.（2022學(xué)年第一學(xué)期浙江省七彩陽光新高考研究聯(lián)盟返校聯(lián)考）

IhadpassedthehighersecondaryexaminationwhenIhadtogiveupfurtherstudies.Ihadtobeearning

somethingtohelpthefamilybudget.Onedayalettercametomefromanofficeforaninterview.Iwasboth

happyandnervous;Iwastheonlyteen.

Itwasmyfirstinterview,andIknowitwouldnotbethelast.SoIwasnotverymuchexcited.Onthe

contrary,IfelteasythatIhadgonethroughitandgotsomeexperience.ButIdidgetthejoballright.AndhereI

amwritingthisessayonleavefromoffice,sittingformyfirstuniversityexamination.

3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.Myfirstjob.B.Mypoorfamily.

C.Myworkexperiences.D.Myfirstinterview.

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Onedayalettercametomefromanofficeforaninterview.（有一天,

我收到一封來自一個辦公室的面試邀請信。）”；最后一段“Itwasmyfirstinterview,andIknowitwouldnotbe

thelast.（這是我第一次面試，我知道這不會是最后一次。）”以及通讀全文可知，本文主要敘述作者第一次

工作面試的經(jīng)歷。故選D項。

13.（2022-2023北京高考第零次英語模擬試題）

As17-year-oldNorwooddrovethroughSt.Petersburg,Florida,lastFebruary,thelaughterandchatterfrom

thefourteenagegirlsinsidehercarquicklygavewaytoscreams.Astheyapproachedacrossroad,anothercar

T-bonedthem,sendingtheirblackcarsailingintotheyardofanearbyhouse,comingtoastoponlywhenit

crashedintoatree.

Assmokerosefromtheothercar,abystandershouted,t4Ifsabouttoblowup!Getout!”.Theimpacthad

cavedinNorwood'sdriver'ssidedoor,jammingitshut.Shaken,butstillOK,shecrawledoutthroughthewindow.

Alongwithtwoofherfriends,who'dalsomanagedtofreethemselves,sheranforherlife.

Buthalfwaydownthestreet,sherealizedthatherbestfriend,Simmons,w