高考時(shí)態(tài)用法總結(jié)及高考時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)

PAGEPAGE26時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式和定義與該時(shí)態(tài)連用的狀語(yǔ)例句1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式：Be(am,is,are)或動(dòng)詞原形（如果主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，則在動(dòng)詞后加-s或-es）定義：表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Often,always,usually,seldom,never,hardly,sometimes,onceaweek,everyday.等表示頻度的副詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。1.Ioftengotoschoolbybikeeveryday.2.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.(客觀事實(shí))3.Hegoestoseehisgrandmotheronceaweek.4.Myfatheroftenreadsnewspaperinthemorning.5.Hewalkstoschooleveryday.6.在表示客觀真理，科學(xué)事實(shí)及不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在時(shí)，也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Theearthmovesroundthesun.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.報(bào)刊、雜志、書籍等不強(qiáng)調(diào)過去時(shí)間，單純表示客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。whatdoesthisarticlesay?thearticledescribessocialproblems.2.一般過去時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式：動(dòng)詞的過去式。如：stop—stoppedBeg—beggedVisit—visited定義：表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Lastnight,yesterday,lastweek,someyearsago,in2008,inthepast.Theotherday,atthattime,justnow.表示過去習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：WhenIwasinthecountryside,Ioftenswamintheriver.Hedidhishomeworklastnight.Theywerestudentsatthattime.3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式：Be(am,is,are)+ving.定義：表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Now,thesedays.Atthemoment.1.Iamreadingnovelsnow.2.TheyarestudyingEnglishthesedays/thisterm.4.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式：Was/were+ving.定義：表示過去某一時(shí)刻或過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Then,atthattime,thistimelastyear,atnineyesterday.等連用，或用另一動(dòng)作表示過去的時(shí)間。1.--Whatwereyoudoingattenyesterday?--IwaswatchingTVatthattime.2.HewasreadingwhenIcamein.3.IwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyparentswerewatchingTV.4.Hewasplayingfootballthen/atthattime.5.一般將來時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式：eq\o\ac(○,1)Will+動(dòng)詞原形eq\o\ac(○,2)begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形定義：常表示計(jì)劃、打算作某事，表示已經(jīng)決定的、很可能發(fā)生的事，或有某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的事情。表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Tomorrow,nextweek,inafewdays,nextSunday,in+一段時(shí)間，in2015.等。1.WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?I’mgoingtolistentomusic.2.lookattheclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.3.Thesunwillriseat6:30tomorrowmorning.4.wewillhelphim,ifheasksus.6.過去將來時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式：Would+V定義：表示從過去某一時(shí)間看將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過去式的賓語(yǔ)從句中。2.表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作Heaskedwhenthemeetingwouldend.Hesaidhewouldbuysomefruitforhermother.3.I

thought

you

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said

he

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the

next

day.表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作1.Whenever

she

had

time,

she

would

help

us

in

our

work.2.Every

evening

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the

students7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式：Have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞定義：表示過去發(fā)生的或已完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。一些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)的變化。Go/leave-beawayCome-behereBuy—haveBorrow-keepFinish—beoverDie–bedeadBegin/start—beonCatchacold—haveacoldPuton—wearGetup–beupWakeupbeawakeFallasleep—beasleepLose–nothaveJoinbe(in)Leave—beawayfromArrive/reach--beAlready,用于肯定句，可放在助動(dòng)詞之后，過去分詞之前。也可放在句末。Yet用在疑問句中意為“已經(jīng)”；用在否定句中表示“還，尚”，常用于句末。Just“剛剛”表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束，常放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。Ever“曾經(jīng)”用在疑問句或否定句中，放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。Never“從來沒有”常與before連用。多放在助動(dòng)詞和過去分詞之間。Before“以前”指過去不確定的時(shí)間，總放在句末?！皊ince+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”“for+時(shí)間段”1.Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?yes,Ihave.I’vejusthadit.2.Ihavelostmybag.3.IhavealreadywatchedtheTVplay.4.Haveyoufoundyourlostpenyet?No,Ihaven’tfoundityet.5.HehasjustcomebackfromNewYork.6.HaveyoureverbeentoTianjin?7.Ihavenevertraveledbytrainbefore.8.IhavelivedinTianjinfor10years.9.IhavelivedinTianjinsince2000.10.IhavelivedinBeijingsinceIwasgraduatedfromschool.8.過去完成時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式：Had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞定義表示到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。即“過去的過去”2.過去完成時(shí)常用于“nosoonerthan”和“hardly(scarcely—when（before）”等結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句常用一般過去時(shí)，“nosooner,hardly(scarcely)”置于句首時(shí)，要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。Bylastyear,bylastweek,byyesterday,bylastmonth.Bytheendoflastyear.等。Hehadfinished2/3oftheworkbylaskweek.HehadleftbythetimeIarrived.HehadlivedinBeijingfor5yearsbeforehecametohere.Smithdiedyesterday,hehadbeenafriendofmine.Thechildrealizedthathehadlosthisway.IknewIhadmadeamistakeatthattime.1.Nosoonerhadhereachedhomethanitbegantorain.2.Hehadhardlygotonthetrainwhenthetrainstartedout.9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式：Have/hasbeen+ving定義：表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去某開始，一直持續(xù)到說話時(shí)還在繼續(xù)或剛剛結(jié)束。常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。For3years,thesefewweeks,sinceearlymorning.1.IhavebeenteachingEnglishfortwentyyears.2.ShehasbeenplayingthemusicofBeethovenandMozartfortwohours.3.I’vejustbeenwavinggoodbyetoher.10.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式：will+be+ving定義：表示在將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常表示安排好之事，給人一種期待感。Thistimetomorrowmorning,At7:00tomorrow,Atthattimenextweek.等連用。1.Iwillbewatchingthesunriseatthetopofthemountainthistimetomorrow.2.Iwillbehavingameetingtonight.表示預(yù)料不久要發(fā)生或勢(shì)必發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。1.Isupposetheywillbeleavingsoon.2.Maybefewerpeoplewillbesmokinginfiftyyears.11.將來完成時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式：Will/shall+have+Done定義：表示將來某時(shí)刻之前或某一行為發(fā)生之前所完成的動(dòng)作。常和bythetime,bytheendofnextyear,或beforenextsummer,等結(jié)構(gòu)連用。I’llhavearrivedtherebynoon.I’llhavefinishedreadingthebookbytheendofthisweek.whenwegettherethey’llprobablyhaveleft.表示到將來某時(shí)刻為止動(dòng)作的持續(xù)時(shí)，也可以用將來完成時(shí)。1.I’llhavelivedinthecityfortwentyyearsbynextmonth.2.I’llhavedonetheworkforthreemonthsbyFriday.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別在與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)均可表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)開始延續(xù)到說話時(shí)，并可能延續(xù)下去，在一定的上下文中，這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)可以互換。1.Ihavetalkedtothestudentsfortwohours.我已經(jīng)同該生談了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)可能完成）Ihavebeentalkingtothestudentsfor2hours.我一直同該生交談，已經(jīng)談了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)可能還在繼續(xù)）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行一般不使用于狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，要表示狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的“未完成用法”只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。（注：狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示感受、情感、看法、認(rèn)識(shí)、愿望、及所有關(guān)系等狀態(tài)含義，如be,belong,exist,feel,hatelove,want等。They________eachothersincechildhood.A.havebeenknowingB.knewC.haveknownD.hadknow在不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作已結(jié)束，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行則表示動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行。Hehaswrittenanessay.他已經(jīng)寫好了一篇論文。（表明動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）Hehasbeenwritinganessay.他一直在寫論文。（表示動(dòng)作仍在繼續(xù)）用howlong--？結(jié)構(gòu)詢問目前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度時(shí)，多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。HowlonghaveyoubeenlivinginTianJin?Howlonghaveyoubeenlisteningtomusic?像sit,lie,wait,stay,stand等動(dòng)詞更趨向于用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。Theoldmanhasbeensittinghereallthemorning.這老人一上午都坐在那兒Thestudentshavebeenwaitingfortheirteacher.學(xué)生們一直在等他們的老師。一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的動(dòng)作而不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。1.Ihavereadthebook我已經(jīng)讀過這本書。2.Ireadthebooklastyear.我去年讀過這本書。3.Didyougetupearly?你起床早嗎？4.Havetheygotup?他們已經(jīng)起來了嗎？二．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作開始于過去，現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)；而一般過去時(shí)的動(dòng)作早結(jié)束。Hehasworkedinthiscompanyforthreeyears.他在這家公司已經(jīng)工作三年了。（現(xiàn)在仍在此公司工作）Heworkedinthiscompanyforthreeyears.他在這家公司工作過三年。（現(xiàn)在已不再這家公司工作了）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，常與already,yet,never,just,before等連用；一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)確定的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與表示過去的具體時(shí)間連用。Ihavealreadyfinishedthebook.我已經(jīng)看完了那本書。Weoncelivedinthecountryside.我們?cè)谵r(nóng)村住過。Ihaven’tseenherbefore.我以前從沒見過她。Ihaven’tseenheronce.我一次也沒見過她。Isawhimlastweek.我上星期見過她。過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別一．一般過去時(shí)表示相對(duì)于現(xiàn)在而言的過去時(shí)間，而過去完成時(shí)表示的則是相對(duì)于過去某一時(shí)刻而言的過去的時(shí)間，即過去的過去。它的存在以過去的某一動(dòng)作或某一時(shí)刻為參照物而言的。1.Allthestudentshadbeentherebefore5o’clockyesterdayafternoon.2.Allthestudentsgotthereat5o’clockyesterday.主將從現(xiàn)得用法在時(shí)間when,before,after,assoonas,或條件if,unless狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句用將來時(shí)，時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)代替將來。1.Unlessyougetridofsmoking,youwillnotstayhealthy.2.Whenyoucomenexttime,I’llshowyouaroundourcampus.3.IfIseehim,Ishalltellhimthenews.4.ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgotothepark.5.whenIgrowup,Iwillbeascientist.6.Ifitdoesn’trainthisafternoon,we’llhaveafootballmatch.7.ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.8.We’llgivehimthemessageafterhefinishesdinner.9.I’llcallyouassoonasIgettoBeijing.在讓步whenever,nomatterwhat狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。Wheneverherdrivesortakesthetrain,he’llbehereontime.Nomatterwhathappens,don’tbediscouraged.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來表示已經(jīng)做出的決定、安排好的事情，將來預(yù)定要發(fā)生的事情。這種用法多用來談?wù)摃r(shí)間表、節(jié)目單，日程表等安排好的事情。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可與某些含“出發(fā)，到達(dá)”之意的動(dòng)詞連用，即用于表示轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞（如：come,go,arrive,leave,start等），表示預(yù)定的行為，即將來的但已事先安排好的動(dòng)作，這種安排很固定，不容易改變。theplanetakesoffatthreeo’clockP.M.飛機(jī)下午三點(diǎn)起飛。Thefilmshowbeginsinaminutes.電影一會(huì)就開始。ThereisalectureonEnglishwritingtonight.Thetrainsleavesatnineo’clock.Thetrainsarrivesat8:30andleavesat8:45.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來的用法Come.Go,leave,arrive,start等動(dòng)詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。IamgoingtoBeijingthisSunday.WeareleavingforNewYorkaftertheperformance.Sheisgivingapianorecitalnextweek.2015高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)之時(shí)態(tài)（含練習(xí)）1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)①表示客觀事實(shí)或普通真理(不受時(shí)態(tài)限制)Thegeographyteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.Waterboilsat100oC.②表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞;表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Icefeelscold.Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.③表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belongseem等。如：Iknowwhatyoumean.Smithownsacarandahouse.AllthestudentsherebelongtoNo.1MiddleSchool.④在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。但要注意由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.如果你愿意接受并參加我們的舞會(huì)，我的家人會(huì)非常高興。⑤少數(shù)用于表示起止的動(dòng)詞如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。當(dāng)be表示根據(jù)時(shí)間或事先安排，肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.TomorrowisWednesday.2.一般過去時(shí)①一般過去時(shí)的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常與表示過去具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(或有上下文語(yǔ)境暗示);用于表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣;表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去式。如：Imetherinthestreetyesterday.Ioncesawthefamousstarhere.Theyneverdrankwine.Ithoughtthefilmwouldbeinteresting,butitisn’t.②如果從句中有一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用過去式。如：Hetoldmehereadaninterestingnovellastnight.③表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常由以下詞語(yǔ)連接，用一般過去時(shí)。如：but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute。Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.④常用一般過去時(shí)的句型：Whydidn’tyou/Ithinkofthat?Ididn’tnoticeit.IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.Ididn’trecognizehim.3.一般將來時(shí)①表示未來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用will/shall+動(dòng)詞(常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)邊用如tomorrow、nextweek等)。②表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。We’lldiewithoutairorwater.③表示趨向行為的動(dòng)詞如come、go、start、begin、leave等詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式表示將來時(shí)。④begoingto與will/shall,betodo,beabouttodo用法及區(qū)別：begoingto表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，這種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備;shall/willdo表示未事先考慮過，即說話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。begoingto表將來，不能用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中;而will則能，表意愿。如：Ifitisfine,we’llgofishing.(正確)Ifitisfine,wearegoingtogofishing.(錯(cuò)誤)betodosth.表按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。Ameetingistobeheldat3:00o’clockthisafternoon.beabouttodosth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句。Autumnharvestisabouttostart.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)①表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作;表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時(shí);表近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃;go、come等起止動(dòng)作可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。如：Itisrainingnow.HeisteachingEnglishandlearningChinese.IammeetingMr.Wangtonight.WeareleavingonFriday.AtsixIambathingthebaby.(Istartbathingthebadybeforesix.)Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.(與always、often等頻度副詞連用，表經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行動(dòng)或某種感情色彩)②下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。(A)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)作：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。(B)表存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear,exist,lie,remain,seembelongto,dependon。(C)表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。(D)表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。5.過去完成時(shí)①常用過去完成時(shí)的幾種情況：(A)在by、bytheend、bythetime、until、before、since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.(B)表示曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/though/wanted/expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞過去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped/planned…+tohavedone。(C)“時(shí)間名詞+before”在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí);“時(shí)間名詞+ago”在句中作狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過去式。如：Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.(D)表示“一……就”的幾個(gè)句型：Hardly/Nosooner/Scarcelyhad+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞+when/than/before+一般過去時(shí)。如：Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.②在before或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)代替過去完成時(shí)。Afterhe(had)lefttheroom,thebosscamein.Wearrivedhomebeforeitsnowed.6.過去將來時(shí)參照一般將來時(shí)對(duì)比：用woulddo、was/weregoingtodosth.表過去將來;come、go、leave等過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表過去將來時(shí);was/weretodosth.和was/wereabouttodosth.表過去將來。7.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)①過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。②某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，其中一個(gè)在由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。8.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)除可以和for、since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)連用外，還可以和下面的介詞短語(yǔ)連用：during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks)、inrecentyears等。②下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Itis(hasbeen)+一段時(shí)間+since從句This(That/It)isthefirst(second…)timethat+完成時(shí)This(That/It)istheonly…+that+完成時(shí)This(that/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting…+that從句+完成時(shí)③在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來時(shí)。如：IshallposttheletterassoonasIhavewrittenit.Ifyouhavedonetheexperiment,youwillrealizethetheorybetter.Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.9.時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別①一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：時(shí)間上有差異：凡有過去時(shí)間的均用過去時(shí)態(tài)，不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)，如含有ago、lastyear、justnow、theotherday等。結(jié)果上有差異：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果，動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù);一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去”，和現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。②過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)：過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“過去的過去”;如出現(xiàn)同一主語(yǔ)連續(xù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)作(“連謂”)形式則只用一般過去時(shí)即可。2、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考查要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)述被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be+過去分詞，口語(yǔ)只也有用get/become+過去分詞表示。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(by短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以省略)。(1)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題。①主動(dòng)變化被動(dòng)時(shí)雙賓語(yǔ)的變化?？聪铝欣?。Myfriendgavemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.Aninterestingbookwasgiventome(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.Iwasgivenaninterestingbook(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.②主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)(位置不變);(作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的)不定式前需加to。Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss)③短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，勿要掉“尾巴”。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher).Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.④情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和begoingto、beto、besureto、usedto、haveto、hadbetter等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e+過去分詞。⑤當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式：(A)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。(B)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)在后面用主語(yǔ)在后面用主語(yǔ)從句來表示。如：Peoplesayheisasmartboy.Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.Heissaidtobeasmartboy.PeopleknowpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.ItisknownthatpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.PaperwasknowntobemadeinChinafirst.類似句型有：Itissaid/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat…(2)不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況。①所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中。②表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、looklike、consistto等。③表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have、own、belongto等。④表示“希望、意圖”的動(dòng)詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。⑤賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。⑥賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式、動(dòng)名詞等謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。⑦有些動(dòng)詞以其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，特別是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)，常見的動(dòng)詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。(3)主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。①當(dāng)feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時(shí);當(dāng)cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí);當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.這種布易洗。Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.這些小說不暢銷。Mypenwritessmoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。Thedoorwon’tlock.門鎖不上。Thefishsmellsgood.魚聞起來香。②當(dāng)breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等動(dòng)詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.Thelampsonthewallturnoff.③want,require,need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。④beworthdoing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。⑤在“be+形容詞+todo”中，不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.另外：betoblame(受譴責(zé))，betorent(出租)也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。(4)被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況。①beseated坐著Heisseatedonabench.(Heseatshimselfonabench.)坐在凳子上。②behidden躲藏Hewashiddenbehindthedoor.(Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor.)他藏在門后。③belost迷路④bedrunk喝醉⑤bedressed穿著Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.(5)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。如：Thebookwassoldbyacertainbookstore.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Thebookiswellsold.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))二、精典名題導(dǎo)解選擇填空1.Visitors________nottotouchtheexhibits.(NMET2001)A.willrequestB.arerequestedC.arerequestingD.request解析：答案為B。此題的時(shí)態(tài)是不難判斷的，因?yàn)檎f的是一條規(guī)定，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而visitor與request之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即requestvisitorsnottotouchtheexhibits,究竟是誰要求他們這樣做呢?不清楚，也不必知道，因此需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析visitors與request之間的關(guān)系是此題的解題關(guān)鍵。2.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology__________sorapidly.(NMET2001)A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange解析：答案為A。此題考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的用法。句意為“選擇一部移動(dòng)電話不是一件容易的事，因?yàn)榭萍及l(fā)展得十分迅速。”本句的主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)的是目前的情況，而“科技發(fā)展迅速”也是現(xiàn)階段正存在的一種狀態(tài)，不是在過去，也不是在將來，因此只能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá)。3.Allthepreparationsforthetask___________,andwe’rereadytostart.(2000年春季高考)A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted解析：答案為D?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去年做的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。從andwe’rereadytostart句意可知，一切準(zhǔn)備工作已經(jīng)就緒，可以開始工作了。complete是及物動(dòng)詞，與句子的主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)。注意①分清complete與主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系;②結(jié)合語(yǔ)境選擇正確時(shí)態(tài)。10.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)習(xí)題1.—Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation.Itwassonear.—Yes.Ataxiatallnecessary.A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.won’tbe2.WhenIgottothecinema，thefilmfortheminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hadbeenonD.wason3.Ifcitynoisesfromincreasing，peopleshouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto4.Insomepartsoftheworld，teawithmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isseveredC.servesD.served5.—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes，itvetysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt6.Idon’treallyworkhere.Iuntilthenewsecretaryarrives.A.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.willjusthelpout7.—Youhaven’tbeentoBeijing，haveyou?—.HowIwishtogothere!A.Yes.IhaveB.Yes，Ihaven’tC.No.IhaveD.No，Ihaven’t8.Itisreportedthatbytheendofthisyear，anotherschoolwill.A.bebuiltB.havebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.havebebuilt9.—Hey，lookwhereyouaregoing!———0h，I’mterriblysorry..A.I’mnotnoticingB.1wasn’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticedD.Idon’tnotice10.—Howareyoutoday?———Oh，IasillasIdonowforalongtime.A.didn’tfeelB.wasn’tfeelingC.don’tfeeD.haven’tfeltl1.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile，butsoontohisoldways.A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturned12.Allthepreparationsforthetask，andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted13.Hetothelabthanhesetouttodotheexperiment.A.hasnosoonergotB.wassupposedtoC.willnosoonergetD.havenosoonergot14.Thetrainarriveat11：30butitwasanhourlate.A.wouldsupposeB.wassupposedtoC.issupposedtoD.supposedto15.Hesteppedintotheoffice，downandbegantofillintheforms.A.sittingB.tositC.satD.havingsat16.Thelittlegirlherheartoutbecauseshehertoybearandbelievedshewasn’tevergoingtofindit.A.hadcried;1ostB.cried;hadloseC.hascried;haslostD.cries;has1ost17.Bothmybrothersworkatthepowerstationthatatmyhometown.A.hassetupB.hasbeensetupC.wassetupD.issetup18.Lindahas1ostherpassportagain.It’sthesecondtimethis.A.hashappenedB.hasbeenhappenedC.happenedD.happens19.—Sorry，Iforgottoposttheletterforyou.—Nevermind，itmyselftonight.A.I’mgoingtopostB.I’dbettertopostC.I’llpostD.I’dratherpost20.Hehislegwhenheinafootballmatchagainstanotherschoo1.A.broke;playedB.wasbreaking;wasplayingC.broke;wasplayingD.wasbreaking;played21.—Wheretherecorder?ICan’tseeitanywhere.—Iitrighthere.Butnowit’sgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.haveyouputputC.hadyouput;wasputtingD.wereyouputting;haveput22.Hello!IyouinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?A.don’tknow;wereB.hadn’tknown;areC.haveknown;areD.didn’tknow;were23.—Comeon，Peter.Iwanttoshowyousomething.—Oh，how