【易錯(cuò)易考點(diǎn)】中考名詞

【易錯(cuò)易考點(diǎn)】中考名詞知識(shí)框架圖

考點(diǎn)1名詞辨析

考點(diǎn)2名詞單復(fù)數(shù)

考點(diǎn)3名詞所有格

名詞的分類名詞的數(shù)名詞的所有格名詞的句法功能專有名詞普通名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化of所有格的構(gòu)成及用法's所有格的構(gòu)成及用法雙重所有格名詞作主語名詞作定語名詞知識(shí)框架圖重難點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)一

名詞辨析—語境辨析近幾年中考對(duì)名詞的考查越來越注重在具體語言環(huán)境下詞義的辨析。常見的水果飲料類名詞、動(dòng)物植物類名詞、蔬菜類名詞及一些抽象名詞是考查的熱點(diǎn)。解答此類試題要知道不同的名詞所表達(dá)的具體含義，以及要能辨別它們之間的差異，這就需要學(xué)生準(zhǔn)確記憶名詞詞義并在語言環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)。

返回目錄【現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用】1.(衡陽21題）---Jenny，what'syourfavorite____?---Ilikebananasbest.A.vegetablesB.fruitC.drink2.（衡陽21題）---Jack,willyourfamilymovetoShanghai?---Yes.That'saverybig____myparentsmade.A.decideB.decisionC.education3.—Wheredidyougoyesterday,Rick?—Iwenttoseea____becauseIhadacold.A.teacher

B.doctor

C.artistBBB

4.Look!A____issinginginthetree.A.pig

B.bird

C.cow5.Recentlypeoplecaremoreaboutthesafetyof____.Everyonewantstoeathealthily.A.food

B.clothes

C.noodles6.—What____doyouhaveforPaul?—Ithinkheshouldstudyharderthanbefore.A.news

B.advice

C.help7.Readthe____carefully.Theywillhelpyouknowhowtousethephone.A.instructions

B.decisions

C.results

BABA8.—Couldyoupleasepassmesomethingtoeat?—Whataboutsome____?A.waterB.orangeC.fish9.Jennifertakesalotofexerciseeveryandsheisalwaysfullof____.A.knowledgeB.energyC.change

CB

10.—Where'sJack?—He'slefta____sayingthathewillbebackinaminute.A.messageB.newsC.information11.—Canyougetapianoforme,dear?—Butthereisn'tenough____foritinourhouse.A.placeB.floorC.room12.HewasborninItaly,buthehasmadeChinahis____.A.familyB.houseC.homeACC

考點(diǎn)二

名詞單復(fù)數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞變化規(guī)則

情況構(gòu)成方法

例詞

一般情況

加-scake→cakesday→daysstudent→students以字母s，x，sh，ch等結(jié)尾的詞

加-esbus→busesclass→classeswatch→watches

以字母f，fe結(jié)尾的詞變f,fe為v再加-esleaf→leavesknife→kniveswife→wiveslife→lives以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞先變y為i，再加-esbaby→babiescity→citiescountry→countries以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾的詞若表示有生命的加-es，若表示無生命的加-stomato→tomatoesphoto→photoshero→heroes重難點(diǎn)精講

不規(guī)則變化

改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母woman→womenfoot→feettooth→teeth單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同fish→fishsheep→sheepdeer→deerChinese→ChineseJapanese→Japanese只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞trousers,glasses,thanks,clothes,goods,chopsticks,people其他形式mouse→micechild→children重難點(diǎn)精講

名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)口訣1.復(fù)習(xí)以-f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)：leafhalfselfwifeknifeshelfwolfthief樹葉半數(shù)自己黃，妻子拿刀去割糧，架后竄出一只狼，就像強(qiáng)盜逃命忙。2.關(guān)于以o結(jié)尾的單詞變復(fù)數(shù)加es的情況：Negroheropotatotomato黑人英雄吃土豆和西紅柿。

2.常見不可數(shù)名詞(1)不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞，它們不能直接和表示數(shù)字的詞或不定冠詞連用，也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。常考的不可數(shù)名詞有：music,fun,news,information,advice,weather,homework,work,air,time,money,paper,traffic,practice,wool，education等。(2)不可數(shù)名詞可以借助量詞來表示一定的數(shù)量。如：apieceofnews(一條新聞)；twobottlesofwater(兩瓶水)；fourpiecesofadvice(四條建議)；sixpiecesofpaper(六張紙)…

3.名詞作定語時(shí)的單復(fù)數(shù)(1)名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外：用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。sportsmeeting運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì);studentsreading-room學(xué)生閱覽室;talkstable談判桌(2)man,woman,gentleman等作定語時(shí)，其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。menworkers男工人;womenteachers女教師;gentlemenofficials男性官員

(3)“數(shù)詞+名詞”作定語時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保持單數(shù)形式。aten-milewalk步行十里的路程【現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用】13.(衡陽18題）Therearetwo____andthree____onthetable.A.apple;bananaB.apples;bananaC.apples;bananas14.Therearemany____playingontheplayground.A.childB.childrenC.childsCB

15.Couldyoupleasegetmesome____?I'mhungry.A.apple

B.water

C.bread16.—Couldyougiveme____?Ineedtowritedownyouraddress.—Ofcourse.A.somepiecesofpapers

B.somepiecesofpaperC.somepieceofpapers

CB17.Mom,thereislittlefoodinthefridge.Let'sbuysome____and

____.A.chicken;potato

B.chicken;potatoesC.chickens;potato18.Inourschoolallthe____teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8thbecauseitwastheirownholiday.A.womenB.menC.woman

BA考點(diǎn)三名詞所有格名詞所有格表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系。有兩種表示形式：一種是's所有格，另一種是of所有格。如：BeijingisChina'scapital./BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中國(guó)的首都。1.用and連接兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表示共有關(guān)系，這時(shí)只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加's。如：TheseareTom'sandMay'sbags.這些是湯姆和瑪麗的包。

3.以s結(jié)尾的名詞，在s后加“'”；不以s結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加's。如：Teachers'Day教師節(jié);Children'sDay兒童節(jié)4.of所有格常用來表示無生命的東西。如：thedooroftheroom房間的門5.雙重所有格有兩種形式：①of+名詞所有格；②of+名詞性物主代詞。如：Heisafriendofmybrother's.他是我哥哥的一個(gè)朋友。Issheadaughterofyours?她是你的一個(gè)女兒?jiǎn)幔?/p>

【現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用】19.—Willyougivesomepresentstoourteacherson____?—Ofcourse.Iwanttobuysomepostcardsforourteachers.A.TeachersDayB.Teachers’DayC.Teacher'sDay

B

20.____schoolisquitenearthebusstation.A.TedandTom's

B.Ted'sandTom's

C.TedandTom21.—Excuseme,howcanIgettothestation?—Godownthisroad.It'sabout____walk.A.