構(gòu)詞法和語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)課件-【知識(shí)精講精研】高中英語(yǔ)初高中銜接

WordFormationWordFormationDiscussion：Findthetypesofwordformationinthefollowingpictures.watertheplantdisagree構(gòu)詞法(wordformation)合成法compounding(combiningtwoormorewords)派生法derivation

(addingaprefixorsuffix)轉(zhuǎn)化法conversion(changingthepartofspeech)縮寫(xiě)abbreviation(abbreviating)前綴(prefix)后綴(suffix)合成法compounding合成法合成動(dòng)詞babysitoverlook其他合成詞everyonethroughout合成名詞newspaperhaircut合成形容詞heartfeltkind-hearted轉(zhuǎn)化法conversion1.Let’stalkaboutit.2.Ithinkwe’dbetterfinishthetalknow.3.Shegavemeaglassofwater.4.Youshouldwatertheflowerstwiceaweek.5.Sheiswearingablackdress.6.Thegirlinblackisverybeautiful.7.Tomisabraveman.8.Healwaysbravesthedifficultiesinlife.轉(zhuǎn)化法動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞縮略法abbreviation縮寫(xiě)首字母縮寫(xiě)單詞截短assoonaspossible—ASAPWorldTradeOrganization—WTOadvertisement—adlaboratory—lab派生法derivation

(addingaprefixorsuffix)前綴(prefix)后綴(suffix)前綴（prefix）1.表示否定意義的前綴

（1-10）a.純否定前綴：1，3-9

b.表示錯(cuò)誤的意義:10

mistrustmis-misleadmistakec.表示“反、防、抗”的意義：2

antiwaranti-anti-pollutionanti-matterabuseincorrectdislikeillegalirregularnonstopimpatientunrealab-in-dis-il-ir-non-im-un-abnormalInexpensiveindirectDisagreedishonestillogical

illimitableIrrelativeirrationalNonpartynonsmokerImpossibleimpatientUnluckyunknown派生法derivation

Guessthemeaningunemployed unload uncover unrest unbearable

失業(yè)的

卸載

揭開(kāi)

不安的，動(dòng)蕩的

難以忍受的disarm disconnect disobeydisappeardishonest

解除武裝

斷開(kāi)

違反消失不誠(chéng)實(shí)inability incomplete inconvenient illegal non-violent

無(wú)能

不完整的

不方便的

非法的

非暴力的

nonwhite non-member nonparty nonsense

非白人的

非會(huì)員

無(wú)黨派的

無(wú)意義的話(huà)

Mislead misunderstanding misuse mis-spell mistreat

誤導(dǎo)

誤解

誤用

拼錯(cuò)

虐待antiknock antiforeignanti-pollution

防震

排外的反污染2.表示空間位置、方向關(guān)系的前綴：（11-23,29）

insideoutsideimportexportinternetoverheadmidpointin-out-im-ex-inter-over-mid-InlandindoorOutdooroutlineImmigrateimprisonExpandExclaimInterviewinternationalOvercoatoverhearMidpositionmidnumbersupermantransportundergroundupstairsdownstairstelephonedecreasesuper-trans-under-up-down-tele-de-SupernaturalsuperpowerTransformtransplantUnderwaterunderwriteuphill

UploadDownhilldownloadTelevisiontelegraphDegradedefrost3.表示時(shí)間，序列關(guān)系的前綴：（24-28）

forecastmidnightpreviewpostwarreviewfore-mid-pre-post-re-Foretellforeseemid-autumnMid-termPrewarPrecautionpostwarpost-impressionistretell

redo4.表示比較、程度差別關(guān)系的前綴：（30、32）

5.表示共同，相等意思的前綴:31

coexistco-coauthorcooperation6.表示某種狀態(tài)，構(gòu)成形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞:33alivea-asideasleepawakeoverweightvice-presidentover-vice-overeat

over-estimatevice-chairmanvice-director7.表示“自我”：34

self-madeself-self-protectionself-taught8.表示變換詞類(lèi)作用的前綴:35

enableen-encourageenrich9.表示數(shù)量關(guān)系的前綴:36-43unicyclebicycletricyclesemifinalkilometermicroscopemultimediaminibusuni-bi-tri-semi-kilo-micro-multi-mini-unicornuniformbilingualtricolourtrianglesemicirclesemi-diameterkilogramkilowattmicrocomputermicrowavemulticulturalmultitalentedminiparkminiskirtencage入籠 forehead前額 inland (在)內(nèi)陸 interaction互動(dòng)outline 概括輪廓 overlook俯視忽略 overseas(在)海外 prefix前綴prehistory史前 transportation交通 underline劃出強(qiáng)調(diào) foreword前言telescope望遠(yuǎn)鏡 foreknow先知 preheat預(yù)熱 prepay預(yù)付retell復(fù)述 postgraduate研究生 prehistoric史前的 rewrite重寫(xiě)renew更新 oversleep睡過(guò)頭 overpraise過(guò)獎(jiǎng) overwork過(guò)分努力overact行為過(guò)分 underproduction生產(chǎn)不足 coexist共同生存 co-worker同僚coactions合作行動(dòng) ashamed羞愧的 ahead在前面 aside在旁邊alike相像 enslave奴役 enlarge擴(kuò)大 semi-final半決賽kilowatt千瓦 semiconductor半導(dǎo)體 microscope顯微鏡 aside在一邊multitalented多才的 multicolored多彩的ministate小國(guó) self-taught自學(xué)的coauthor共同執(zhí)筆者defame損壞名譽(yù)underwrite寫(xiě)在…下面，承保Guessthemeaning四、根據(jù)詞綴和詞根猜出下列表達(dá)中黑體詞的意義，并寫(xiě)出意義；然后查字典核對(duì)答案。

Peoplewhomultitaskallthetimemaybetheworstatdoingtwothingsatone,anewresearchsuggests.Asyoumovearoundyourhome,takeagoodlookatthethingsyouhave.Itislikelythatyourlivingroomwillhaveatelevisionsetandavideo,andyourkitchenawashingmachineandamicrowaveoven.Whenshewasevaluatedattheendoftheyear,shewastoldtotakeatrainingcoursebecauseofherinabilitytospeakup.Auniversityeducationisofhugeanddirectbenefittotheindividual.Graduatesearnmorethannon-graduates.The19thcenturysawlandgrants（政府撥地）offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroads.UnlikeJenny,Istronglydislikethewayyoutalktoourcleaners.四、根據(jù)詞綴和詞根猜出下列表達(dá)中黑體詞的意義，并寫(xiě)出意義；然后查字典核對(duì)答案。

Peoplewhomultitaskallthetimemaybetheworstatdoingtwothingsatone,anewresearchsuggests.

Asyoumovearoundyourhome,takeagoodlookatthethingsyouhave.Itislikelythatyourlivingroomwillhaveatelevisionsetandavideo,andyourkitchenawashingmachineandamicrowaveoven.

Whenshewasevaluatedattheendoftheyear,shewastoldtotakeatrainingcoursebecauseofherinabilitytospeakup.

一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，一心多用的人可能最差。當(dāng)你在家里四處走動(dòng)時(shí)，好好看看你擁有的東西。很可能你的客廳里有一臺(tái)電視機(jī)和一臺(tái)錄像機(jī)，你的廚房里有洗衣機(jī)和微波爐。當(dāng)她在年底接受評(píng)估時(shí)，她被告知要參加一個(gè)培訓(xùn)課程，因?yàn)樗荒苷f(shuō)話(huà)。四、根據(jù)詞綴和詞根猜出下列表達(dá)中黑體詞的意義，并寫(xiě)出意義；然后查字典核對(duì)答案。

Auniversityeducationisofhugeanddirectbenefittotheindividual.Graduatesearnmorethannon-graduates.

The19thcenturysawlandgrants（政府撥地）offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroads.

UnlikeJenny,Istronglydislikethewayyoutalktoourcleaners.大學(xué)教育對(duì)個(gè)人有巨大的直接利益。大學(xué)畢業(yè)生比非大學(xué)畢業(yè)生掙得多。19世紀(jì)出現(xiàn)了政府撥地被提供給鐵路公司建造橫貫大陸的鐵路。與珍妮不同，我非常不喜歡你和我們的清潔工說(shuō)話(huà)的方式。后綴（suffix）派生法derivation

1.Asian2.Russian3.English4.musician5.assistant6.employee7.singer8.engineer9.actor10.beggar11.Chinese12.hostess13.artist14.marriage15.arrival16.performance17.frequency18.reality19.possibility20.freedom21.bravery22.childhood23.building24.action25.invitation26.decision27.treatment28.kindness29.friendship30.truth31.failure32.aircraft33.factory34.comfortable35.terrible36.natural37.important38.excellent39.interesting40.interested41.selfish42.expensive43.childish44.childlike45.handsome46.cloudy47.lively48.helpful49.dangerous50.golden51.western55.useless52.thirteen53.fifty54.fourth56.modernize57.weaken58.beautify59.possibly60.upwardSuffixforn.Suffixforadj.Suffixfornum.Suffixforv.Suffixforadv.后綴（suffix）1、名詞后綴a.表示人或語(yǔ)言、國(guó)籍-ian,-ish,-ant,-ee,-er,-eer,-or,-ar,-ese,-ess,-istb.其他名詞后綴-age,-al,-ance,-cy,-ty,-dom,-ry,

-hood,-ing,-ion,-ation,-sion,ment,-ness,-ship,-th,-ure,-craft,-ory2、形容詞后綴a.表示否定意義-lessb.其他形容詞后綴-able,-ible,-al,-ant,-ent,-ing,-ed,

-ish,-sive,-like,-some,-y,-ly,-ful,

-ous,-en,-ern,-teen,-ty,-th3、動(dòng)詞后綴”使…化；使…成為”-ize,-en,-fy4、副詞后綴-ly,-ward后綴（suffix）四、uselessheavilyinventor，inventionssatisfiedbeautifywoodendecisionkindness

wonderful

introduction

successful

certainly

meaningful

gradually

slowly

amazingPracticeofwordformationAddprefixorsuffixtotherootandcreateasmanywordsaspossible.actactoractressactionactiveinactiveactivityinteractinteractionreactreactionoveractunderactactivistenactPracticeofwordformationTellthemeaningsandpartofspeechofthefollowingwordsandfillthemintheblank.1.PerhapsIcanofferafewwordsof____________________tothosewhodidn’twinanyprizethis

time.2.Don’tleta

busy

arrangement_____________

youfrommaking

some

greatchangesinthewayyoueatand

live!3.Pickyourself

up.____________

isdoingwhatyou’reafraidtodo.

4.Storesnoticethatthesmellofbakedgoods____________

shopping.5.WhyiswinningOlympicmedalsso____________.courage,discourage,discouraged,discouraging,encourage,encouraged,encouragement,

encouragingencouragementdiscourageCourageencouragesencouragingPracticeofwordformationTellthemeaningsandpartofspeechofthefollowingwordsandfillthemintheblank.courage,discourage,discouraged,discouraging,encourage,encouraged,encouragement,

encouraging6.Weshouldn’t

get

____________________________rightafterfailures.7.Unfortunately,theresultoftheeventis_____________.8.___________byhisnew-foundsuccess,Joemovedquicklythroughoutthe

room.discourageddiscouragingEncouragedIknowtherewillbeamonitor(1)_________(elect)inourclassnextweek.I’mgoingtoapply(2)_________thisposition.I’mLiHua(3)_________BeijingNo.12JuniorHighSchool.Iwanttodosomethingformyourclass,andthat’sthereason(4)_________Iapplyfortheposition.IthinkI’m(5)_________(qualify)forthepost.First,I’moutgoingand(6)_________(society).Soit’seasyforme(7)_________(get)onwellwithmyclassmatesaswellasmysuperiors,(8)_________isgoodforthejob.What’smore,I(9)_________(work)asmonitorinjuniorhighforthreeyears.(10)_____________,I’mexperiencedinarrangingclassactivities,copingwithchallengesand(11)_________(organize)students.Hopemy(12)_____________(apply)maywinyourapproval.Thankyouforyourtimeand(13)_______________(consider).AndI’mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.electionforfromwhyqualifiedsociabletogetwhichworkedTherefore/Soorganizingapplicationconsiderationabsence缺席 actress女演員 admission準(zhǔn)許入內(nèi) applicable可應(yīng)用的 bloody血淋淋的 boyish 像男孩的 chemist化學(xué)家 clockwise順時(shí)針的 countless數(shù)不清的 daily每日的 decisive決定性的 depth 深度 efficiency高效率 employee雇員 endless無(wú)盡的 examinee應(yīng)試人 fatherly慈父般的 forgetful健忘的 geologist地質(zhì)學(xué)家 handicraft手工藝品 harden(使)硬化 hardship苦難 hopeless無(wú)望的 impressive給人印象深刻的judgment判斷 kingdom王國(guó) length長(zhǎng)度 liar撒謊者 lively精力滿(mǎn)滿(mǎn)的 magician魔術(shù)師 manhood成年時(shí)代 marriage婚姻 Marxism馬克思主義 modernize現(xiàn)代化 mountainous多山的 notice注意 obedience服從 observatory天氣觀(guān)測(cè)站observer觀(guān)察者 operator操作人員 opposition反對(duì) orderly有秩序的 physician內(nèi)科醫(yī)生physicist物理學(xué)家 politician政客 presence出席 priceless無(wú)價(jià)的，貴重的progressive進(jìn)步的purify凈化quicken加速 reality真實(shí) realize實(shí)現(xiàn) refusal拒絕 scholar學(xué)者 scholarly勤奮好學(xué)的servant仆人 sideways往…一側(cè) simplify簡(jiǎn)化 slavery奴隸制 smelly臭臭的 socialism社會(huì)主義 strength力

量 technician技師 trial試驗(yàn) troublesome麻煩的 visible可見(jiàn)的 warmth溫度 weaken削弱weakness缺點(diǎn) width 寬度 wisdom智慧 wooden木質(zhì)的 語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)SemanticField

/s??m?nt?k/

Inlinguistics(/l???ɡw?st?ks/語(yǔ)言學(xué)),asemantic/s??m?nt?k/

fieldisagroupofwordswithrelatedmeanings.Thewordsinasemanticfieldareusuallypartofacategory/?k?t?ɡ?ri/,suchasagricultural(/??ɡr??k?lt??r?l/)wordsorweatherwords.WhatisaSemanticField?PracticeExs1:Crossout

the

word

which

doesn’t

belong

to

the

same

semantic

fieldastheotherwordsandwritedownthewordof

each

group’sfield.e.g.PracticeCrossout

the

word

which

doesn’t

belong

to

the

same

semantic

fieldastheotherwordsandwritedownthewordof

each

group’sfield.Relativity(/?rel??t?v?ti/聯(lián)系性)e.g.Iemon（fruit,

color）Hierarchy(/?ha??rɑ?ki/層次性)e.g.creatures –animal, –fish, –bird, –reptile, –insect, –human…WhatisthefeatureofSemanticField?relatedmeaningsHowcanweclassify(分類(lèi))thewords?What’sthestandard?synonymy（/s??n?n?mi/同義關(guān)系）antonymy（/?n?t?n?m?/反義關(guān)系）

pronunciation,wordform,wordformation,partofspeech（詞性）PracticeExs2:Writeatleast3wordsthathavethesameorsimilarmeaningasthefollowingwords.1.say:_____________________________________

2.see:_____________________________________3.afraid:___________________________________4.happy:___________________________________5.cost:____________________________________shout,speak,