2003年3月中口真題

2003年3月真題SECTION1:LISTENINGTESTPartA:SpotDictationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearapassageandreadthesamepassagewithblanksinit.Fillineachoftheblankswiththewordorwordsyouhaveheardonthetape.WriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.RememberyouwillhearthepassageONLYONCE.Oneoftheproblemsfacingyoungpeopletodayisthattheyhavefewguidelinesonwhichtobasetheirchoiceofcareer.Thisisbecausetheyhavenoprevious_______(1)ofemployment.Itisnotuncommonforuniversitystudentsintheir_______(2)toattempttoenteracertainfieldofoccupation,_______(3)whentheyapplythattheyarenotsuitablyqualified.Theyarethenforcedtotakethe_______(4)thatcomesalong,withoutreallythinkingaboutthelong-termprospects.Toagreatdegree,thiscanbeavoidedifyou_______(5)toplanyourcareerandspendtimeanalysingtheemploymentmarketwithregardtoyour_______(6).Thebestwaytostartistocompilea_______(7).Thisshouldlisteverythingaboutyouwhichmaybeofinteresttoaprospectiveemployer,including_______(8)andhobbiesandoutsideinterests.Whenyouhavegathered_______(9),thenextstepistomatchyourpersonalability,interestandqualificationswiththe_______(10)ofvariousjobsandcareers.Atthisstage,youshouldalsobethinkingaboutwhetherornot_______(11)needstobebackedupbyaspecializedcourseofstudy,suchasforeignlanguagelearningor_______(12).Byaprocessofelimination,youcannormallyplana_______(13).Evenifyouhaveaburning_______(14)tojoinaparticularfield,youshouldstillgothroughthissystematicprocess.Itcouldsaveyou_______(15)bymakingafalsestarttoyourworkinglife.Thereisnothingwrongwith_______(16),forexample,adressdesigneroranovelist.Butunlessyoutrulybelievethatyouhavethe_______(17)andability,itwouldbepointlesstopursueacareerinthisfield.Finally,itisimportant_______(18)ifyouhavetocompromisebetweenwhatyouwouldreallyliketodoandwhatyouarecapableofdoing.Thethingtoremember,inwhateverjobyoudo,istodothejob_______(19)ofyourability.Noonecan,orwill,_______(20)ofyou.PartB:ListeningComprehensionDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearseveralshortstatements.ThesestatementswillbespokenONLYONCE,andyouwillnotfindthemwrittenonthepaper;soyoumustlistencarefully.Whenyouhearastatement,readtheanswerchoicesanddecidewhichoneisclosestinmeaningtothestatementyouhaveheard.ThenwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.1. (A)Theboardofdirectorshaveunanimouslyapprovedoftheplans (B)Theboardofdirectorsdon'tliketoletdownthenewapplicant. (C)Idon'tknowwhattheydon'tlikeaboutourschemes. (D)Ican'tunderstandwhytheyhavecutdowntheexpense.2. (A)Theplanewasn'tlateaccordingtotheschedule. (B)Theplanedidn'tarriveuntil8:30. (C)Theplanewas150minuteslate. (D)Theplanedidn'tlanddownat11:00.3. (A)Wehaven'tenoughmoneyforthenewexhibit. (B)Wehavebeenworkinghardfortheexhibit. (C)Ournewproductwillbereadythissummer. (D)Thenewexhibitisdelayeduntilthissummer.4. (A)Housingwithinmybudgetbecomeshardtolocate. (B)Itisdifficulttofindaccommodationforshort-holidaymakers. (C)Peoplebegintobuyhousesincitiessoastomakeabiggerprofit. (D)Icannotaffordtomovemyhousetothemountainareas.5. (A)Theassistantmanagerislittleconcernedwiththematter. (B)Theassistantmanagerhaslosthisvoiceinarguingforthematter. (C)Theassistantmanagerhasnorighttoexpresshisopinioninthematter. (D)Theassistantmanagerhasnoopiniontoexpressandheremainsvoiceless.6. (A)DrSampsonisgoingtobeinchargeofacommittee. (B)DrSampsonintendstorunamileadaytokeepfit. (C)DrSampsonisregardedasaresponsibleperson. (D)DrSampsonisinterestedinmeetingothercommissioners.7. (A)Theexperimentfailsasweexpected. (B)Ithinkthecostoftheproposalistoohigh. (C)Idon'tmindthecostoftheproposal. (D)Theproposalshouldnotbereleasedinthenewspapers.8. (A)Hedidnotsaythathehadlostthefilesintheaccountantoffice. (B)Hesetfiretotheaccountantofficeandgotawaywithit. (C)Hewasnottellingthetruthwhenhesaidhecouldnotfindthefiles. (D)Hehadlocatedsomeerrorsinthefiles,whichwasratherdisappointing.9. (A)Kathyhasextramoneytocarryouttheplans. (B)Kathywantstohelpustoplantheflyingcampaign. (C)Kathyistrustworthybecauseofheroldage. (D)Kathyhasexperienceingettingfinancialassistance.10. (A)Economistsareofteninaccurateinpredictingthepriceofimportedfoodstuffs. (B)TheUnitedStateshastobeself-sufficientinitseconomicdevelopment. (C)ThefoodandmanufacturingindustriesintheUSrelyheavilyonothercountries. (D)TheimportedproductsfromothercountriesgreatlyaffecttheUSfoodandmanufacturingindustries.Directions:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearseveralshorttalksandconversations.Aftereachofthese,youwillhearafewquestions.ListencarefullybecauseyouwillhearthetalkorconversationandquestionsONLYONCE.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefouranswerchoicesandchoosethebestanswertothatquestion.ThenwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Questions11-14Questions23-2623. (A)Aggressivebehaviourexhibitedbybirdsandmammals. (B)Thecontrolofthelargeranimalsoverthesmallones. (C)Ageographicalareathatananimalclaimsdominance. (D)Aplacewithacenterandextendingoveritsouterlimits.24. (A)Thelargerdoghaslefttheterritory. (B)Thelargerdoghascalmeddown. (C)Herealisesthatthelargerdogisstronger. (D)Heisnotsupposedtoexceedthelimits.25. (A)Theygrowlargerandstronger. (B)Theyexhibitgreaterstressandanxiety. (C)Theybegintoestablishtheirownterritories. (D)Theyexertdominanceoverothers'territories.26. (A)Inthezoo (B)Inthejungle. (C)Inthecity. (D)Inthecountryside.Questions27-3027. (A)Investmoremoneyinproductionresearch. (B)advertisefortheimprovedproduct. (C)takeonmoreskilledtechnicalworkers. (D)Paymoreattentiontomarketresearch.28. (A)Byimportingrawmaterials. (B)Byexportingmanufacturedgoods. (C)Byinvestinginforeigncurrencies. (D)Byincreasingtheireconomicindependence.29. (A)Lowerwages. (B)Biggerprofits. (C)Shorterworkinghours. (D)Out-of-datemachinery.30. (A)Theycanupdatetheold-fashionedmanagement. (B)Theycanstoptheabsurddisagreements. (C)Theydisagreewitheachotheroverunofficialstrikes. (D)Theyprovetobeineffectiveandout-of-datePartC:ListeningandTranslationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhear5sentencesinEnglish.YouwillhearthesentencesONLYONCE.Afteryouhaveheardeachsentence,translateitintoChineseandwriteyourversioninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhear2passagesinEnglish.YouwillhearthepassagesONLYONCE.Afteryouhaveheardeachpassage,translateitintoChineseandwriteyourversioninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Youmaytakenoteswhileyouarelistening.(1)(2)SECTION2:STUDYSKILLSDirections:Inthissection,youwillreadseveralpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsbasedonitscontent.YouaretochooseONEbestanswer,(A),(B),(C)or(D),toeachquestion.AnswerallthequestionsfollowingeachpassageonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthatpassageandwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Questions1-5Therearetwomainthingsthatmakeaircraftengineeringdifficult:theneedtomakeeverycomponentasreliableaspossibleandtheneedtobuildeverythingaslightaspossible.Thefactthatanairplaneisupintheairandcannotstopifanythinggoeswrong,makesitperhapsamatteroflifeordeaththatitsperformanceisabsolutelydependable.Givenacertainpowerofengine,andconsequentlyacertainfuelconsumption,thereisapracticallimittothetotalweightofaircraftthatcanbemadetofly.Outofthatweightasmuchaspossibleiswantedforfuel,radionavigationalinstruments,passengerseats,orfreightroom,andofcourse,thepassengersorfreightthemselves.Sothestructureoftheaircrafthastobeassmallandlightassafetyandefficiencywillallow.Thedesignermustcalculatethenormalloadthateachpartwillbear.Thisspecialistiscalledthe"stressman".Hetakesaccountofanyunusualstressthatmaybeputonthepartasaprecautionagainsterrorsinmanufacture,accidentaldamage,etc.Thestressman'scalculationsgotothedesignerofthepart,andhemustmakeitasstrongasthestressmansaysisnecessary.Oneortwosamplesarealwaystestedtoprovethattheyareasstrongasthedesignerintended.Eachseparatepartistested,thenawholeassembly—forexample,acompletewing,andfinallythewholeaeroplane.Whenanewtypeofaeroplaneisbeingmade,normallyonlyoneofthefirstthreemadewillbeflown.Twowillbedestroyedonthegroundinstructuraltests.Thethirdonewillbetestedintheair.Whenaplanehaspassedallthetestsitcangetagovernmentcertificateofairworthiness,withoutwhichitisillegaltofly,exceptfortestflying.Makingtheworkingpartsreliableisasdifficultasmakingthestructurestrongenough.Theflyingcontrols,theelectricalequipment,thefireprecautions,etc.mustnotonlybelightinweight,butmustworkbothathighaltitudeswherethetemperaturemaybebelowfreezingpointandinthehotairofanairfieldinthetropics.Tosolvealltheseproblemstheaircraftindustryhasalargenumberofresearchworkers,withelaboratelaboratoriesandtesthouses,andnewmaterialstogivetheteststrengthinrelationtoweightareconstantlybeingtested.1. Thetwomainrequirementsofaircraftdesignare______. (A)speedandcost (B)reliabilityandpassengercomfort (C)lightnessanddependability (D)abilitytostayupintheairandavoidbreakdowns2. Themaximumpossibleweightofanaircraftisdeterminedby______. (A)theenginepower. (B)theamountoffreightroom (C)thenumberofpassengers (D)internationalregulations3. Thestressman'sjobisto______. (A)testhowsafetheplaneis (B)calculatehowstrongeachpartmustbe (C)workoutwhatheighttheplanemayflyat (D)controltheamountofluggageeachpassengermaycarry4. Thefirstthreeaeroplanesofanewtype______. (A)areonlyforshow (B)arealldestroyed (C)arelaterbrokenupforspareparts (D)areusedfortestingpurposes5. Allequipmentinanaircraftmust______. (A)betestedtodestruction (B)notbetoolightinweight (C)workespeciallywellathightemperatures (D)workperfectlywithinawiderangeoftemperaturesQuestions6-10Arecarstodayreallylesspollutingthantheywere30yearsago?Theanswerisclearlyyes.SincetheCleanAirActof1970andestablishmentoftheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,impressiveprogressinreducingemissionsfromautomobileshasbeenmade.Changesincluderedesignedengines,catalyticconverters,advancedonboardsensors,andstateandlocalinspectionandmaintenanceprogram.Asaresultoftheseinitiatives,newcarsemit70to90percentlesspollutionthantheir1970counterparts.Yetautomobilescontinuetobeoneofthelargestsourcesofairpollution.Thisisbecausethenumberofcarsontheroadandthenumberofmilesdrivenhasalmosttripledsince1970,neutralizingtheeffectsofreducedemissions.Compressednaturalgas(CNG)isoneoftheleadingcandidatestoreplacegasolineasamotorvehiclefuelinthenearfuture.Itsusesignificantlyreducescertainharmfulemissions.CNGcostslessthangasolineandtheU.S.hasvastsuppliesofnaturalgas.However,sinceCNGhasalowerenergycontentthangasoline,acarpoweredbyCNGneedsabiggertanktoachievetheequivalentdrivingrangeofagasoline-poweredvehicle.Thisreducesthevehicle'sfuelefficiency.Despitetheselimitations,though,CNGisincreasinglyfindingwideuse.Alcohol-basedfuelssuchasmethanolandethanolalsohavepotentialasalternativestogasoline.Bothareliquids,likegasoline.Methanolistypicallymadefromwood,whileethanolisgenerallymadefromcornstalksorsugar.Emissionsofsomepollutantsfromusingthesefuelsarelowerthangasoline,whileothersareaboutthesame.However,bothmethanolandethanolonlygethalfthemileagepergallonofgasoline,andbothfuelshavecold-weatherstartingproblem.Hydrogenisaclean-burning,high-energyfuelthatholdsgreatpromiseinthelongterm,ifhydrogenisburnedinanenginesimilartothatusedforgasoline,onlywaterandsmallquantitiesofnitrogenoxidesareformed.Obstaclesincludearestrictedvehiclerange,duetoanon-boardfuelstoragesystemthatiscurrentlymuchlargerandheavierthanagasolinetank,andalimiteddistributionandrefuelingnetwork.Electric-poweredvehiclesaretheonlyonesatpresentthatproducezeroemissions.Currently,electriccarsareconsiderablymoreexpensivethangasolinemodels.Theirmaindrawback,however,islimitedbatterypower.Evenso,electricvehiclesintheirpresentstateofdevelopmentcouldserveaseffectivecommuteror"abouttown"cars.Sofar,theirtopspeedisabout60mph,withadrivingrangeofbetween50to100milespercharge.Solarenergyisincreasinglybeingexperimentedwithasapowersourceforvehicles.Solar-poweredvehiclescouldsignificantlyreducethesocialandenvironmentalcostsoftransportationinthelongterm.Vehiclesareemission-free,low-noise,andcouldbedesignedtobe100-percentrecyclable.Photovoltaiccellsareusedtoconverttheenergyfromsunlightdirectlyintoelectricity.Theyarestillmuchlessefficientthanotherformsofgeneratingelectricity,buthaveimproveddramaticallyoverthepastdecade.6. WhichofthefollowingisNOTsuggestedbytheauthorasanalternativefuelforvehicles? (A)Gasoline. (B)Compressednaturalgas. (C)Methanol. (D)Ethanol.7. TheproblemwithCNGasanalternativefuelisthat______. (A)ithasalowerenergycontent (B)ithasastartingproblemundercoldweather (C)ithasafuelstorageproblem (D)itcanproduceharmfulemissions8. HydrogenasafuelhasbigadvantagesovergasolineinallofthefollowingEXCEPT______. (A)energycontent (B)emissions (C)environmentalfriendliness (D)storage9. Howmanyemission-freevehicleshavebeenmentionedinthepassage? (A)One(B)Two(C)Three (D)Four10. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrueaccordingtothepassage? (A)Becauseofitspollution,gasolinewillsoonbereplacedbyotherfuels. (B)Automobilesarenolongeroneofthemajorpollutantsofourenvironment. (C)Hydrogenwilltaketheleadingroleasanalternativefuelinthenearfuture.(D)Thepasttenyearshaswitnessedgreatimprovementinconvertingsolarenergyintoelectricity.Questions11-15NapoleonfamouslydescribedtheBritishasanationofshopkeepers.Thesedaysitwouldbeequallytruetodescribethemasanationofshoppers.Eitherway,LondonistheUK'sshoppingmecca;ifyoucan'tfindithereyouprobablycan'tfinditatall.SomeLondonshopsaremoreorlesstouristattractionsintheirownright.FewvisitorscomeawaywithoutpoppingintoHarrods,evenifonlytogawp.Thisfamousstoreisarealone-off.Thetoiletsarefab,thefoodhallenoughtomakeyouswoon,andiftheyhaven'tgotwhatyouwant,itprobablydoesn'texist.Nootherstorehassuchasenseofsheer,outrageousabundance.SinceAbsolutelyFabulousbroughtEdinaandPatsysteamingontoourscreens,HarveyNichols('HarveyNicks')hasbecomeanothermust-seeattraction.Itboastsagreatfoodhall,anextravagantperfumedepartmentandjewellerytosaveupfor.ButwithallthebignamesfromMiyaketoLauren,HammetttoCalvinKleinandawholefloorofup-to-the-minutemenswear,it'sfashionthatHarveyNicholsdoesbetterthantherest.Theselectionisunrivalledandthepriceshigh,althoughthesalesoffersomegreatbargains,andthestore'sownclothinglineisreasonable.CarnabyStreetstillreeksofthe60salthoughit'shadsomethingofarevivalsincethe'CoolBritannia'kickbroughtUnionJackdressesbackintofashion.ThelastpunkshavelongsinceslunkawayfromChelsea'sKing'sRdbuttherearestillplentyofinterestingshopsslottedinamidthehigh-streetchains.TheshopsandstallsinsidetheoldCoventGardenmarketbuildingtendtobepriceyandtourist-oriented,whilethestreetsrunningoffitremainahappyhuntinggroundforshoppers,withNealStandNeal'sYardinparticularofferingarangeofinterestingone-offshops.OxfordStandclassierRegentStcomeintotheirowninthesixweeksrunninguptoChristmaswhenthey'refestoonedwithlights.AtothertimesoftheyearOxfordStcanbeagreatdisappointment.Selfridge'sisuptherewithHarrodsasaplacetovisitandtheflagshipMarks&SpencerattheMarbleArchendhasitsfans,butthefarthereastyougothetackierandlessinterestingitbecomes.Althoughmostthingscanbeboughtinmostpartsoftown,therearealsostreetswiththeirownspecialities;TottenhamCourtRdforexample,isonelongelectricalgoodsshop(watchoutfortip-offsthough),whileCharingCrossRdisstilltheplacetocomeforoffbeatbooks.Manytouristattractionshaveexcellentshops,sellinggood-qualitysouvenirslikemugs,pens,pencils,stationeryandT-shirts,oftenwiththemestomatchtheircontent(warbooksandvideosattheImperial11. Theoverallpurposeofthepassageisto______. (A)describetheBritishasshoppers (B)introduceshoppingplacesinLondon (C)showhowtheBritishhavechangedfromshopkeeperstoshoppers (D)indicatetheBritisharebetteratdoingbusinessthanotherpeople12. WhatdoesthewriterthinkofHarrods? (A)Itisnotworthvisitingtwice. (B)Itisanunhappyexperienceshoppingthere. (C)Itisacomprehensivedepartmentstore. (D)Itisanicestoreexceptitsfoodhall.13. Accordingtothewriter,whenisthebestshoppingtimeatOxfordSt? (A)Alltheyearround. (B)TheendofNovemberandDecember. (C)OnlyChristmasweek. (D)Itisnotmentioned.14. Theword"tackier"inthe5thparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______. (A)morecrowded (B)moreshabby (C)moreexpensive (D)morestylist15. Whereshouldyougoifyouwanttobuyanunconventionalbook? (A)CarnabyStreet (B)Chelsea'sKing'sRd (C)CharingCrossRd (D)theImperialQuestions16-20Whenashipcarrying825KurdishasylumseekersandimmigrantshitasandbankjustoffItaly,theageingresidentsofthenearbyvillageofBadolatothankedGodfortheirChristmaspresent.ItwasDecember27,1997.Boatsracedtotheshipandferrieditshumancargotoland.TheKurdswerepennilessanddidnotspeakItalian,butforthevillagersofBadolato,onthetoeofItaly,theyhadonepricelessasset—youth.Mostofthehousesinthe1000year-oldvillage,250mabovetheFewbabieswerebeingborn—mostlocalcoupleshadonechildatthemost.Theelementaryschoolhadclosed,businesseswerefailing,buildingswerecrumbling.ItwasjustamatteroftimebeforeBadolatobecameaghosttown.AndthentheAraratarrived:aRussian-maderustbucketthathadleftIstanbulforRomesixdaysearlier.Theperilsand$2,400pricetaghaddeterredelderlyKurdsfrommakingthejourney,sothenewarrivalsweremostlyunder40.TheyhadnotplannedtomakealifeinCalabria,oneofItaly'spoorest,butthatwaswhattheywereoffered.CentralandregionalgovernmentgavetheKurdsfoodandmoney,andpromisedtosettletheminemptyhouses.Officialspromisedthemworkinnewenterprisesthatwouldmakethemostoftheirskills.TheKurdswereastoundedandgrateful.TheirchildrenwouldgrowupItalian.WithindaystelevisioncrewswereinBadolato,reportinghowashiploadofpeopleseekinganewlifehadchanceduponaplacecryingoutfornewblood.ThegovernmentproclaimedBadolatoabeaconfortherestofItaly,withthearrivalsprovidingapracticalsolutiontoItaly'sshrinkingpopulation.Badolatowassupposedtobeatrailblazer.Butthingsbegantosour.Moneypromisedforlanguageclassesandbusinessstart-upsdidnotarrive.Workshopsandinitiativesforthenewlyarrivedcivilengineers,tile-makersandlaborersdidnotmaterialize.AKurdishrestaurantopened,buthiredonlyonerefugee.ItclosedlastNovember.TheKurdsfoundthemselvesturfedoutoftheirhousesafterthreemonths.Theownerswantedrent,andthegovernment,aftergrantingresidencepermits,stoppedpaying.Sotherefugeesmovedbacktotheabandonedschool.Bythebeginningofthismonththerewerejust40Kurdsleft,includingfourfamilies,allstilllivingintheschool.MostoftheothershavefoundworkinGermany,SwedenandFrance.GerardoMannello,themayor,insistedthathopewasalive.Bureaucraticbunglinghadslowedthemoney.Freshprojectswerebeingplanned."Itisnottoolate,"hesaid.16. Theword"they"inthesentence"...theyhadonepricelessasset..."(para.l)mostprobablyrefersto______. (A)villagersofBadolato (B)Italianyouth (C)asylumseekers (D)new-bornbabies17. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingsignsdoesNOTindicatethatBadolatoisgoingtobecomeaghosttown? (A)Businessesweredeclining. (B)Fewbabieswerebeingborn. (C)Derelicthousescouldbeseeneverywhere. (D)Alotofpeopleemigratedfromthecity.18. AllofthefollowingarethereasonsmostKurdishasylumseekersareundertheageof40EXCEPTthat______. (A)thejourneyisfullofperils (B)mostKurdishpeoplecannotaffordthetrip (C)oldpeoplearetoooldtotakeatrip (D)Badolatoneedsnewblood19. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthegovernment'sinitialreactiontothenewarrivals? (A)Supportive. (B)Indifferent. (C)Disappointed. (D)Condescending.20. Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage? (A)Italy'spopulationisincreasingafterKurds'arrival. (B)TheItaliangovernmentbenefitedalotfromthebureaucraticbungling. (C)TheGermangovernmentofferedmorechancesforKurdishpeopletosurvive. (D)Finally,Badolatobecametherealtrailblazerfortheshrinkingpopulation.Questions21-25WEDNESDAY,Oct.9(HealthScoutNews)—Maybethey'veheardthefrighteningnewsfromafriend,glimpseditonTV,orlistenedtoagraphicradioreport.Children—evenlittleones—maybealltooawareofthedeadlysnipershootingsthathavestunnedsuburbanWashington,D.C.Andspecialistsagreethatparentsshouldmovequicklytoaddresstheirchildren'sconcerns,toreducetheirworriesandrestoretheirsenseofsecurity."Ifparentsdon'ttalkaboutit,themessageisit'stooscarytotalkabout,"saysDr.JosephF.Hagan,chairmanoftheAmericanThewayyoureassureyourchildrenisasimportantaswhatyousay."Theeffectofhowyoutalkaboutitisveryimportant,"Hagansays.Forinstance,don'tbroachthesubjectwhenyou'reupsetorworried,becauseyouremotionswillcomethroughandcanupsetyouchild,hesays.Hagansayschildrenofallages,evenolderteenagers,shouldn'twatchtheeveningnewswithouttheirparents."We'rebringingprettyhorrendousstuffintoourlivingrooms."Headline-grabbingeventslikethesnipershootings—orthe9/11attacks,theanthrax-by-mailterrorcampaign,orthestringofschoolshootings—areoftenrebroadcastoverandover.Whileadultscanintellectuallyprocesssuchinformation,childrenoftenassimilateimagesdifferently.Seeingaviolentactseveraltimes"makesitmorerealforchildren,"Hagansays.Butifyouwatchtelevisionwithyourchildren,youcanputmattersintoasafercontextforthem.JamesMaddux,aclinicalpsychologistatGeorgeMasonUniversityinVirginia,saysthatwhenachildbringsupthesubject,aparentshouldaskwhatsheunderstandsaboutthesituation,andthenanswerhonestly."Kidshearallkindsofstrangethingsfromotherchildren,"andwhattheyfearmaybemuchworsethanreality.Madduxrecallsbeingaseven-year-oldandbelievingallkindsoffrightening—thoughfalse—storiesabouttheCubanMissileCrisisin1962."Iwouldhavebeenbetteroffknowingthetruth,"hesays."Also,simplybeingpresentforyourchildwillmakehimfeelsafe,"henotes.Aparent'spresence"providestruephysicalsafetyandasenseofpsychologicalsafetyinchildren,"Madduxsays.Olderchildrencanbenefitfromdiscussingwiththeirparentswhattheycanactuallydotobesafe,suchasbeingawareoftheirsurroundings,saysLisaOpipari-Arrigan,apediatricpsychologistattheUniversityofBeobservantandnoteifyourchildisparticularlymoody,seemsexcessivelyworried,hassleepproblems,orisstressedaboutworldevents,Opipari-Arrigansays.ButperhapsthemostreassuringwordsforparentscomefromMaddux:"lthinksometimesadultsexaggeratechildren'sfears.Childrenaremorepsychologicallyresilientthanwegivethemcreditfor."21. Theword"broach"(para3)mostprobablymeans______. (A)bringup(B)objectto(C)takeup (D)stickto22. AccordingtoHagan,childrenshouldnotbeallowedtowatchTValonebecause______. (A)TValwaysreportsalotofhorriblenews (B)operatingTVmaybedangerousforsmallkids (C)theyalwaysgetupsetafterwatchingTV (D)watchingTVisbadfortheireyes23. Accordingtothepassage,whenachildraisesascarysubject,theparentsshould______. (A)tellthemitisnottrue (B)dealwithitinanhonestway (C)givethemtheirownunderstanding. (D)avoidansweringthequestion24. Whatshouldparentsdotohelpchildrenoutoftheirfears? (A)ToforbidthemtowatchtheeveningnewsonTV. (B)Totalkaboutthehorriblesubjectwhenparentsfeelupset. (C)Tokeepthemcompanyasmuchaspossible. (D)Torephrasethenewssoastoputthemonthealert.25. Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage? (A)Helpyourchildfacethesnipershootingsbravely. (B)HelpyourchildlearntoavoidviolentTVprograms. (C)Helpyourchildmakesenseofascaryworld. (D)Helpyourchildmakefulluseofhisimagination.Questions26-30Thenotionofa"digitallibrary"isametaphorforthinkingaboutdatacoll