2022年中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案動詞的時態(tài)

十二動詞的時態(tài)

考點一:一般現(xiàn)在時

1.結(jié)構(gòu)

①be型:

肯定句式:主語+am/is/are+其他Heisadoctor.

否定句式:主語+am/is/are+not+其他Heisn'tadoctor.

一般疑問句式:Am/Is/Are+主語+其他?Isheadoctor?

肯定回答:Yes,主語+am/is/are.Yes,heis.

否定回答:No,主語+am/is/are+not.No,heisn't.

②do型:

肯定句式：主語+動詞原形/動詞單三形式+其他Shelikesplayingthepiano.

否定句式：主語+dont/doesnl+動詞原形+其他Shedoesn'tlikeplayingthepiano.

一般疑問句式：Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+其他？Doesshelikeplayingthepiano?

肯定回答：Yes,主語+do/does.Yes,shedoes.

否定回答：No,主語+dorTt/doesn，t.No,shedoesn't.

動詞單三形式變化規(guī)則

(1)一般情況詞尾直接加-Slike-likesget-getslook—looks

(2)以字母s,x,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾的動詞加?esfix—fixeswatch-watchesgo-goes

(3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，變y為i再加esstudy-studiesfly—flies

(4)特殊情況be—ishave-has

2.用法

①表示經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示頻度的副詞連用。

Heoftengoesswimminginsummer.

Iusuallyleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.

②表示主語具備的性格、特征和能力等。

Mysisterisalwaysreadytohelpothers.

AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.

③表示客觀真理、客觀存在、自然現(xiàn)象。

Theearthmovesaroundthesun.

ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.

④表示按計劃或安排好的將要發(fā)生的動作，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，但只限于

start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive等詞。

Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.

Hecomesbacktonight.

⑤在由if,unless,assoonas,when,once等引導(dǎo)的條件和時間狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。

I'lltellhimthenewswhenhecomesback.

Ifyoutakethejob,theywilltalkwithyouingreaterdetails.

3.標(biāo)志詞

①頻度副詞：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,hardly

②頻率詞組：onceayear,twiceamonth,threetimesaday等

③其他詞組：inthemorning,onSundays,atweekends,everyday/year...(every系歹U)

同步練習(xí)

一、寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式

wash—match—study—finish—go-fly—

carry—______drive—______have—______teach-________put—______do-_

play-_______begin—________take—_______run—______—stay-______see—.

二、單項選擇

()1.ThereanEnglishfilmatthecinemanow.

A.isB.areC.amD.be

()2.Thepicturenice.

A.lookB.looksC.lookedD.belook

()3.Hesitsdownandsoonasleep.

A.fallB.fallingC.failedD.falls

()4.1upatsixbutMikeupatseven.

A.get;getsB.get;getC.gets;getD.getting;toget

()5.Myfatherforeighthourseveryday.

A.workingB.worksC.workD.towork

()6.UncleWangneverEnglish,becauseheknowhowtosayit.

A.speak,doesn'tB.speak,don'tC.speaks,don'tD.speaks,doesn't

()7.OnSundaymydaughterwatchingTVandmysontoplayfootballwithhisfriends.

A.like,wantB.likes,wantC.like,wantsD.likes,wants

()8.SuYangusuallysomeclothesonSunday.

A.washedB.washsC.washesD.washing

()9.Jenny!Doyouknowthatone-thirdoftheboysinourclassthesingerZhangShaohan?

A.likeB.likesC.liking

()10.Thesenseofhappinesswillincreaseifyouwhatyouliketodo.

A.doB.didC.willdo

()11.BettywillringmeupwhensheinBeijing.

A.arriveB.arrivesC.arrivedD.willarrive

()12.Nowmyfatherhisbiketoworkeverydayinsteadofdriving.

A.rideB.rodeC.ridesD.willride

()13.Thisgirlisreadytohelppeopleanytime.Whensheisonthebus,shealwaysherseat

tosomeoneinneed.

A.givesB.giveC.gaveD.giving

三、用所給詞的正確形式填空

1.Weoften(notplay)ontheplayground.

2.you(brush)yourteetheveryday?

3.Howmanylessonsyourclassmate(have)onSunday?

4.It(take)metwohourstofinishmyhomeworkeveryday.

5.Thechildoften(watch)TVintheevening.

6.What(do)heusually(do)afterschool?

7.John(study)Math,Chinese,English,ScienceandArtatschool.

8.Mr.Wangoften(go)toShanghai.

考點二：一般過去時

1.結(jié)構(gòu)

①be型：

肯定句式：主語+was/were+其他Hersisterwasinyesterday.

否定句式：主語+was/were+not+其他Hersisterwasn'tinyesterday.

一般疑問句式：Was/Were+主語+其他？Washersisterinyesterday?

肯定回答：Yes,主語+was/were.Yes,shewas.

否定回答：No,主語+was/were+not.No,shewasn't.

②do型：

肯定句式：主語+動詞的過去式+其他BobwantedtogotoShanghailastyear.

否定句式：主語+didn，t+動詞原形+其他Bobdidn'twanttogotoShanghailastyear.

一般疑問句式：Did+主語+動詞原形+其他？DidBobwanttogotoShanghailastyear?

肯定回答：Yes,主語+did.Yes,hedid.

否定回答：No,主語+didnlNo,hedidn't.

動詞的過去式變化規(guī)則

(1)一般情況在詞尾直接+edplay—playedoffer—offered

(2)以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接+dtaste—tastedlike—liked

(3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i再+edstudy-studiedsupply—supplied

(4)末尾三個字母以“輔+元+輔”且為重讀閉音節(jié)，stop—stoppedplan—planned

雙寫末尾輔音再+edregret—regretted

(5)不規(guī)則動詞am/is—wasare—weredo—did

2.用法

①表示過去某個時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。

Wheredidyougojustnow?

Afterafewyears,shestartedtoplaythepiano.

②表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。常與頻度副詞連用。

WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.

3.標(biāo)志詞

①ago詞組?yesterday及yesterday詞組③last詞組

(4)justnow,inthepast,in1920,thismorning等

⑤oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,usedto...

同步練習(xí)

一、寫出下列動詞的過去式

dream—___________like—___________study—___________stop-___________do-________________see-________________

say—_give—get-_____go-come—have/has—

eat—take-run-sing—put-write—

speak—ride—swim-sit—spend—drink-

sleep-___________sleep-______stand-read--_______fly—________meet—_____________

二、用所給單詞正確形式填空

1.We(enjoy)ourselvesatthepartylastnight.

2.Jack(study)fortheEnglishtestjustnow.

3.you(go)totheGreatWalllastyear?

4.Theoldman(be)illandwenttoseeadoctor

5.—How(be)thestudents?—Theywereveryfriendly.

6.Mymother(notdo)houseworkyesterday.

7.—he(have)lunchatnine?—No,hedidn't.

8.They(buy)aguitaryesterday.

9.Onceuponatime,aprince(save)abeautifulprincessbravely.

10.What(do)youdoin2021?

三、單項選擇

()1.Leehismobilephoneathome.

A.leaveB.leavesC.leavedD.left

()2._he______agoodrest?No,hedidn't.

A.Do,hadB.Did,haveC.Did,hadD.Was,had

()3.MrBlackwaslatebecausehe____hisway.

A.lostedB.loseC.losesD.lost

()4.When______Lee_______schoolthismorning?

A.did,gottoB.did,gettoC.did,getD.did,got

()5.Willyoupleasesayitagain?I____quite_______you.

A.didnt,hearB.dont,heardC.didntheardD.dont,hear

()6.Whatdidyousee________?

A.nowB.everydayC.thesedaysD.justnow

()7.Hewentintotheroomand_______thedoor

A.lockB.lockingC.locksD.locked

()8.—What—_you_______lastweek?一Iboughtabag.

A.did,buyB.did,boughtC.do,buyD.do,bought

()9.一Didthethieves____intothecar?一No,they________.

A.fell,didn'tB.fall(落下),didC.jump(跳)didn'tD.jump,did

()10._she_____thisdictionaryinthebookshopnearbylastweek?

A.Did,buyB.Does,buyC.Did,boughtD.Does,buys

考點三:一般將來時

1.結(jié)構(gòu)

①will型:

肯定句式:主語+wiH+動詞原形+其他Iwillbefreethisevening.

否定句式:主語+will+not+動詞原形+其他Iwon'tbefreethisevening.

一般疑問句式：Will+主語+動詞原形+其他?Willyoubefreethisevening?

*在口語中，will在名詞或代詞后?？s為F,willnot常簡縮為won't。

*在疑問句中，主語為第一人稱時(I和we)時，常用助動詞shall。

例如：Shallwegotothezoo?

②begoingto型:

肯定句式：主語+be(am/is/are)goingto+動詞原形+其他It'sgoingtorainsoon.

否定句式：主語+be(am/is/are)notgoingto+動詞原形+其他Ifsnotgoingtorainsoon.

一般疑問句式:Be(Am/Is/Are)+主語+goingto+動詞原形+其他？Isitgoingtorainsoon?

肯定回答:Yes,主語+be(am/is/are)Yes,itis.

否定回答:No,主語+be(am/is/are)notNo,itisn't.

2.用法

①表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。

Theywillcometoourcitytoholdaconcert.

②表示某種必然的趨勢。

Fishwilldiewithoutwater.魚沒有水就會死。

③“begoingto+動詞原形”表示說話人的打算、計劃、安排或根據(jù)跡象判斷必然或很可能發(fā)生的

事情。Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.

④“bedoing”表示將來，常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等，表示即將

發(fā)生或安排好要做的事情。

Look,thebusiscoming.看，公交車就要來了。

⑤“betodo"和"beabouttodo”表示即將發(fā)生的動作。

Themeetingisabouttobegin.會議就要開始了。

3?志

①tomorrow,soon,tonight②nextweek/month...(next系歹U)

③inaweek,in+未來年份，in+一段時間④oneday,inthefuture

4.注意

★在if,when,assoonas,until等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將

來，即主將從現(xiàn)。

Ifyouworkhard,you'llsuccess.

IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveinShanghai.

★Therebe句型的一般將來時是Therewillbe或者Thereis/aregoingtobe.

TherewillbeafootballmatchnextWednesday.

同步練習(xí)

一、單項選擇

()1.-DidyoucallJenny?—Ohno,Iforgot.Iherrightaway.

A.calledB.havecalledC.callD.willcall

()2.Inthenearfuture,thereself-drivingcarsinourcity.

A.isB.wasC.areD.willbe

()3.Thereameetingtomorrowafternoon.

A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe

()4.WehaveapicnictogetherwithourteachersnextThursday.

A.aregoingB.aregoingtoC.willgoingD.maygoingto

()5.Mr.WanghasleftforGuangzhou.Heaspeechthereintwodays.

A.givesB.gaveC.willgiveD.hasgiven

()6.-Whatisyourplanfornextweekend,Lingling?—Itothemuseumtoworkasavolunteer.

A.goB.wentC.havegoneD.willgo

()7.Mikeherenextmonth.

A.isn'tworkB.doesn'tworkingC.isn'tgoingtoworkingD.won'twork

()8.youfreenextMonday?

A.Are,beB.Will,beC.Do,beD.Will,are

()9.Whynotcomeoveratweekend?Myfamilyseeingyouagain.

A.enjoyedB.wouldenjoyC.willenjoyD.haveenjoyed

()10.—Let9sgofishingifitthisweekend.—Butnobodyknowsifit.

A.isfine;willrainB.willbefine;rainsC.willbefine;willrainD.isfine;rains

二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.1promiseI(send)youane-mailtoexplainallofthesetomorrow.

2.IfI'mfreetomorrowafternoon,I(visit)thecitymuseumwithmybrother.

3.Ifit(rain)tomorrow,we'llstayathomeandreadbooks.

4.Mike(believe,not)thisuntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.

5.We(finish,not)thistaskwithoutyourhelp.

6.—TheDragonBoatFestivaliscoming.Whatareyougoingtodothatday?

—I(visit)mygrandparentsinmyhomevillage.

7.Iamafraidthere(be)ameetingthisafternoon.Ican'tjoinyou.

考點四：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

1.結(jié)構(gòu)

am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)

動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則

(1)一般情況下在動詞詞尾+ingwash-washing

(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉e,再+ingmake—making

(3)末尾三個字母以“輔+元+輔”且為重讀閉音節(jié)，swim—swimming

run-running

雙寫末尾輔音，再+ing

(4)特殊情況die--dyinglie---lying

2.用法

①表示此時此刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動作。

Listen!Thebirdissinginginthetree.

②表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。

Heisthinkingaboutthisproblemthesedays.

③表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，常與always,constantly,forever等詞連用，往往帶有

說話人的主觀色彩。

Youarealwayschangingyourmind.

(4)go,come,leave,start,arrive等動詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來。

I'mleavingtonight.Ihavegotmyplaneticket.

3.標(biāo)志詞look,listen,now等

4.注意：下列動詞一般不用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的句子中：

①表示感覺的動詞，如：see,hear等。

②表示喜歡或厭惡的動詞，如：like,love,hate等。

③表示希望的動詞，如：hope,wish等。

④表示歸屬的動詞，如：have等。

⑤表示狀態(tài)的動詞，如：be等。

⑥表示思維、知識或理解能力的動詞，如：know,forget,understand等。

同步練習(xí)

一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞

move-________skate—________tell-________ring—________wear——

get--__________put—_________hit-__________stop-________keep—_

lie—die—begin—save—teach—

read—write—dance—run—control—

二、單項選擇

()1.TomanEnglishclassnow.

A.ishavingB.hasC.havingD.have

()2.Areyouplayingbasketball?No,we.

A.isn'tB.aren'tC.notD.don't

()3.Listen!Katenow,shealways.

A.sings,issingingB.issinging,singC.sang,singingD.issinging,sings

()4.Don'tdisturbAllennow.HefortheSpellingBeecompetition.

A.preparesB.preparedC.ispreparingD.willprepare

()5.Look,LiuMeiabookunderthetree.

A.isfindingB.islookingC.readingD.isreading

()6.Whatyoudoing?Ifootball.

A.is,amplayingB.are,playingC.is,areplayingD.are,amplaying

()7.1can'thearyou.ItoanEnglishspeech.

A.amlisteningB.waslisteningC.listenD.listened

()8.-Paul,Tmbusycooking.Canyougivemeahand?-Justaminute.Imye-mail.

A.amcheckingB.willcheckC.havecheckedD.waschecking

三、用所給詞的正確形式填空

1.It(rain)heavilyoutsidenow.Youmuststayathome.

2.Don'tsing.Thebaby(sleep).

3.They(not,water)theflowersnow.

4.Look!Thegirls(dance)intheclassroom.

5.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She(listen)tomusic.

6.Helen(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.

考點五：過去進(jìn)行時

1.結(jié)構(gòu)

was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)

2.用法

表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作.

MyfamilywerewatchingTVatthattimeyesterday.

3.標(biāo)志詞

atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,at7:00yesterday,fromseventoninelastnight等。

4.注意

①以when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，從句動作用一般過去時，主句用過去進(jìn)行時，表示一個動作

發(fā)生時，另一個動作正在進(jìn)行。即Awas/weredoingwhenBdid.

Whenhecalledme,Iwashavingdinner.

②以while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，從句與主句的動作在過去某一時刻同時進(jìn)行，while常譯為

“當(dāng)..的時候，同時“°即Awas/weredoingwhileBwas/weredoing.

TomwasdoinghishomeworkwhilehissisterwaswatchingTV.

同步練習(xí)

單項選擇

()1.SheanEnglishmagazinewhenIcamein.

A.readsB.hadreadC.willreadD.wasreading

()2.WeTVfromseventoninelastnight.

A.werewatchingB.willwatchC.watchedD.watch

()3.whenyoumelastnight,Ithepiano.

A.werecalling;wasplayingB.werecalling;playedC.called;playedD.called;wasplaying

)4.—Isawthelightofyourroomwasstillonattwoo'clocklastnight.

—Oh,IafootballmatchoftheRussiaWorldCup.

A.watchedB.waswatchedC.amwatchingD.waswatching

()5.Samtotheradiowhilehismotherwaswashingclothesintheyard.

A.listenB.listenedC.islisteningD.waslistening

()6.—Icallyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.

—Oh,rmsorryIdinneratmyfriend5shome.

A.haveB.hadC.washavingD.havehad

()7.Sheaskedhimwhetherhebackforlunch.

A.comeB.wascomingC.cameD.hadcome

()8.Nobodynoticedwhatsheatthemoment.

A.willdoB.wasdoingC.hasdoneD.haddone

()9.MymotherwhilemyfatherTV.

A.cooked;waswatchingB.wascooking;waswatching

C.wascooked;watchedD.cooked;watched

()10.Wasitraininghardwhenyouthismorning?

A.leftB.leavesC.wasleavingD.wouldleave

考點六：現(xiàn)在完成時

1.結(jié)構(gòu)

肯定句式：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞+其他Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.

否定句式：主語+have/has+not動詞的過去分詞+其他Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.

一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他？Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?

肯定回答：Yes,主語+have/has.Yes,Ihave.

否定回答：No,主語+haven't/hasn't.No,Ihaven't.

2.用法

①表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。

Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.

②表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且已經(jīng)完成或可能持續(xù)下去。

Hehastaughtinourschoolfor30years.

③表示“第幾次做某事，"或在“Itisthebest（worst,mostinteresting）+名詞+that”后面跟現(xiàn)在完

成時。

e.g.ThisismyfirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.

ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.

Thatistheonlybookthathehaswritten.

④Itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since+從句（一般過去時）

Itis/hasbeentenyearssincehewasadoctor.他當(dāng)醫(yī)生已經(jīng)十年了。

3.標(biāo)志詞

①already（肯定句）,yet（否定句或疑問句）,ever,never,just,before等

?recently,lately,sofar,inthepastfewyears,uptonow,tillnow等

③for+時間段,since+過去的時間點,since+一般過去時的句子

④次數(shù)（once,twice,threetimes,severaltimes...）

4.注意

★have/hasgoneto、have/hasbeento和have/hasbeenin的區(qū)別。

have/hasgoneto已去某地（未回）

have/hasbeento去過某地（已回）

have/hasbeenin仍在某地

e.g.ShehasgonetoShanghai,soyoucan'tfindherhere.她去了上海，所以在這你找不到她。

ShehasbeentoShanghaibefore.她以前曾去過上海。

ShehasbeeninShanghaifortenyears.她在上海10年了。

★現(xiàn)在完成時瞬間動詞即非延續(xù)性動詞不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，要轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動詞。

常見非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的對應(yīng)關(guān)系如下：

come/go/arrive/getto/reach/move-bein/atbecome---bebegin/start——beon

borrow-keepbuy???havereturn???bebackdiebedead

puton---wearopen-beopenclose-beclosedfallasleep---beasleep

leave--beaway(from)end/finish----beovergetmarried---bemarried

catchacold---haveacoldjoin???bein/beamemberof

例：吉姆買這支筆已有兩年了。

Jimboughtthispentwoyearsago.

Jimhashadthispenfortwoyears.

Jimhashadthispensincetwoyearsago.

同步練習(xí)

一、單項選擇

()1.Howlonghaveyouhere?

A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been

()2.Mygrandpadied.

A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2.D.myagewas6.

()3.JanehastoBeijing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.

A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen

()4.ItistenyearsIlastsawher.

A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that

()5.-WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?-Iwill.Iherseveraltimes.

A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet

()6.-Whatanicedress!Howlongyouit?—Just2weeks.

A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had

()7.-DoyouknowLydiaverywell?—Yes,SheandIfriendssincewewereveryyoung.

A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned

()8.TheSmithsinChinafor8years.

A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.live

()9.—Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?

—Sorry.HetheBaiNiaoPark.

A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto

()10.—youevertotheUS?—Yes,twice.

A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,going

()11.Inthepastfewyearstheregreatchangesinmyhometown.

A.hadbeenB.havebeenC.wereD.are

()12.Themovieforabout5minutes,solet'sseethenextone.

A.hasbeenonB.hasstartedC.startedD.began

()13.LeiFengformanyyears,b