小升初之代詞

小升初-----代詞二、授課內(nèi)容：可以代替名詞的詞叫代詞。英語(yǔ)中的代詞按其意義、特征及在句子中的作用可分為八類(lèi)：人稱代詞，物主代詞，指示代詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不定代詞，疑問(wèn)代詞，關(guān)系代詞。1】人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法：人稱代詞是對(duì)你我他的稱謂。物主代詞表示所屬關(guān)系的代詞。物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。物主代詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，總結(jié)技巧：主語(yǔ)用主格，賓語(yǔ)用賓格，謂語(yǔ)前主格，動(dòng)介后賓格，名詞前形容，無(wú)名那么用名。技巧靈活用，語(yǔ)境要弄清。一、人稱代詞的用法

1、人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語(yǔ)。如：

Weloveourcountry.我們愛(ài)我們的祖國(guó)。Sheisagoodstudent.她是一名好學(xué)生。

2、人稱代詞的賓格在句中作動(dòng)詞、介詞的賓語(yǔ)，還可作表語(yǔ)使用。如：

Idon'tknowhim.我不認(rèn)識(shí)他。Hismotheriswaitingforthemoutside.他媽媽在外面等他們。

---Who'sit?---It'sme.---那是誰(shuí)？---那是我。

3、人稱代詞的語(yǔ)序

幾個(gè)人稱代詞并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，它們的順序是：

單數(shù)形式〔2，3，1〕you,heandI

復(fù)數(shù)形式〔1，2，3〕we,youandthey()5._______areinthesameschool.A.I,youandheB.you,heandIC.He,Iandyou

二、物主代詞的用法

1、形容詞性物主代詞在句中作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，一般不單獨(dú)使用。

2、名詞性物主代詞常用來(lái)防止和前面提及的名詞重復(fù)。相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞〞。

3、名詞性物主代詞可用在of后面作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“of+名詞所有格〞，表示帶有局部概念或有一定的感情色彩。如：Heisafriendofmine.他是我的一個(gè)朋友。三．反身代詞的常用詞組：byoneselfforoneselfcalloneselfteachoneselfspeaktooneselfhelponeselfloseoneselfseatoneself【實(shí)例解析】1.(2004年北京市中考試題)

Mary,pleaseshow________yourpicture.

A.my

B.mine

C.I

D.me答案：D。該提考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。在此題中，動(dòng)詞show的后面要跟雙賓語(yǔ)，空白處缺少一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)選me。4.(2004年安徽省中考試題)

---Whereismypen?

---Oh,sorry.Ihavetaken_______bymistake.

A.yours

B.his

C.mine

D.hers答案：A。該題考查的是物主代詞的用法。根據(jù)題干的背景，我們可以判斷出錯(cuò)拿的鋼筆應(yīng)該是對(duì)方的，所以選yours。Practice:用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Thatisnot___kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but__isverybig.(I)2.Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)3.Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)4.____ismybrother.___nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare____.(he)5._________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_________?(you)6.Herearemanydolls,whichoneis_________?(she)7.Help______(you)tosomefruit,Jack.8._________don’tknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell_________.(we)9.Ihaveabeautifulcat._______nameisMimi.Thesecakesare______.(it)10.Arethese________tickets?No,________arenot_________.(they)11.Thatisnot_________camera._________isathome.(he)12.Whereare_________?Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_____parents.(they)13.10.Didyouenjoy_______(you),MaryandKate?14.MayIsitbeside_________?(you)15.Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)B.填入正確的人稱代詞和物主代詞

1.Thisisn’therknife._________isgreen.

2.Theseareyourbooks，Kate.Put__________inthedesk，please.

3.Youmustlookafter________things.

4.WeiFang，isthat________ruler?Yes，it’s.

5.Theywantafootball.Give__________thegreenone，please.

6.It’sLinTao’sbag.Give________to__________.

7.Isthispencil-boxLiLei’s?No，___________isverynew.

8.Thisboxistooheavy.Ican’tcarry_________.

Don’tworry，Let__________help__________.

9._____isaboy_____nameisMike.Mike’sfriendslike_____verymuch.

10.Mysisterisin_____room._____isateacher.

11.Janeisalittlegirl._____motherisanurse.

12.Wearein_____classroom._____classroomisbig.

13.Myfatherandmotherareteachers._____arebusy

14.Youareapupil.Is_____brotherapupil,too?

四、用括號(hào)中的適當(dāng)形式填空

A)〔1〕Arethese________〔you〕pencils?

Yes,theyare________〔our〕.

〔2〕—Whoseisthispencil?

—It’s________〔I〕.

〔3〕Ilove________〔they〕verymuch.

〔4〕Sheis________〔I〕classmate.

〔5〕MissLioftenlooksafter________〔she〕brother.

〔6〕—Arethese________〔they〕bags？

—No,theyaren’t________〔their〕.Theyare________〔we〕.

B)

1.Thisbikeismysister`s.Itbelongsto______(她的)。2.Thisisn`tmybook._______(我的)isinthebag.

3.Theyquarrelledamong__________〔他們〕.

五、根據(jù)句意用適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q代詞、物主代詞填空：

1.Maryworksinabookstore._____likes_____workverymuch.

2.JohnandIareinthesameschool._____gotoschooltogether.

3.Everybodylikesthatsport,don't_____?

4.Sheisafriendof_____.Wegottoknoweachothertwoyearsago.

5.Hersistermakesall_____owndresses.

6.Ihavemanyfriends.Someof_____aregoodatEnglish.

7.MayIuse_____bike?_____isbroken.

8.EverybodyishereexceptAnnand________friendJane.________areinthelibrarynow.

六、選擇填空

1.Who’ssingingoverthere?—________isSandy’ssister.

A.ThatB.ItC.SheD.This

2.________willspendthesummerholidayinHawaii.

A.She,youandIB.You,sheandIC.I,youandsheD.Her,meandyou

3.Betweenyouand________,heisnotarealfriend.

A.meB.IC.heD.his

4.Myuncleboughtanewbikefor________.

A.theirsB.theyC.meD.I

5.MrSmithoftenpraises________forhisprogressinstudies.

A.heB.himC.ID.me

6.Here’sapostcardforyou,Jim!—Oh,________isfrommyfriend,Mary.

A.heB.itC.sheD.it’s

7.Don’tshaketheyoungtree._______leavesarefallingoff.Youshouldlookafter_______.

A.It,it’sB.It’s,itC.Its,itD.It,it

8.LittleBabyknowsthatheshouldnottakethethingsthatdonotbelongto________.

A.heB.hisC.herD.him

9.Willanyonegoonatripwithhim?—Not________.

A.IB.meC.mineD.he

10.Amongthoselovelytoys,thebrowntoydogwasgivenby________.

A.heB.hisC.himD.he’s2】指示代詞指示代詞是用來(lái)表示“這個(gè)〞“那個(gè)〞“這些〞“那些〞等指示概念的代詞。如：this,that,these,those等。this的復(fù)數(shù)形式：these；that的復(fù)數(shù)形式：those.指示代詞的用法：可以充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。如：Thisisadifficultquestion.()Doyoulikethese?()Oh！It’snotthat.()Iwanttoreadthatbook.()練習(xí)：V.用適當(dāng)?shù)闹甘敬~(this,that,these,those)填空。1.______pensaremine.Thoseareyours.2.-What's____overthere?-It'sacar.3.Look,_____rulerislongerthanthatone.4.-Hello!Who's_____speaking?-Hello!_____isMaryspeaking.5.WangLin,______ismybrotherMike.3】相互代詞相互代詞是表示相互關(guān)系的代詞。其形式如下：主格和賓格所有格eachotheroneanother(互相，彼此)eachother’soneanother’s(彼此的)在英語(yǔ)中，eachother和oneanother在句中可做賓語(yǔ)。其所有格可以做定語(yǔ)。Doyouoftenhelpeachother?()Thesixstudentsdidn’tagreewithoneanother.()Weareinterestedinoneanother’swork.()4】不定代詞①不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞。具體如下：some一些，假設(shè)干〔+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)〕everything每一件事any無(wú)論哪個(gè)；任何一個(gè)〔可數(shù)〕all全體，全部；一切somebody某人，有人〔只用單數(shù)〕both兩人，雙方；二者someone某人，有人〔只用單數(shù)〕other別的人〔事物〕；其他的人〔事物〕something某物；某事〔只用單數(shù)〕another另一個(gè)anybody任何人(主要用于否認(rèn)句、疑問(wèn)句或條件句)neither兩者都不anything任何事物〔主要用于否認(rèn)句、疑問(wèn)句或條件句〕none沒(méi)有一個(gè)；全無(wú)〔用于三者或三者以上〕nobody無(wú)人，沒(méi)有人either兩者之一；〔兩者中的〕任何一方nothing沒(méi)有東西；沒(méi)有事情each各；各位everyone每人，大家，人人much許多；大量〔不可數(shù)〕everybody每人，大家，人人one一人；一個(gè)②不定代詞在句子中的作用A〕做主語(yǔ)Everyoneishere.Let’sbegin.BothofherparentsarestudyinginAustralia.B)做賓語(yǔ)Thisoneistoosmall.Pleaseshowmeanother.Pleaseintroducemetotheothers.C)做表語(yǔ)That’sallfortoday.It’stoomuchforme.注意】小學(xué)階段常見(jiàn)的不定代詞的用法some和any的用法some用于肯定句和委婉問(wèn)句中，any多用于否認(rèn)句、疑問(wèn)句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句，兩者都可以代替可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。SomeofmyfriendsarefromtheUSA.Idon’tlikeanyofthem.Doessheeatanymedicine?2)both和all的用法both只表示對(duì)兩個(gè)個(gè)體的肯定，或做同位語(yǔ)。如果both和of連用，后面只能緊跟人稱代詞的賓格。如：Webothwanttogoshopping.BothofuscanspeakalittleEnglish.all用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的個(gè)體，也可代替不可數(shù)名詞。all后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)。Allareagreed.Allisyours;youcantakeeverything.注意】all和both的位置要放在be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前。one的用法one可以指人，也可指物，也可用來(lái)代替上文中提及的可數(shù)名詞，以防止用詞的重復(fù)。當(dāng)one指人時(shí)，其反身代詞是oneself，所有格形式是one’s.如：Oneshouldfollowthetrafficrules.Theoneinredisourmonitor.練習(xí)題：()8.-Whichofthesetwosweaterswillyoutake?-I'lltake________.Theylooknearlythesame,andIjustneedone.A.bothB.eitherC.noneD.all()9.Hehastwobasketballs.Oneisnew,_______isold.A.theotherB.otherC.theothersD.others()10.Ihaveboughtanewwatchbecausemyold_______doesn'twork.A.itB.oneC.thatD.this()12.-Whatwouldyouliketohave,teaormilk?-____I'dliketohaveaglassofwater.A.EachB.NeitherC.EitherD.Both()13.MycarwasbrokenandIdidn'tknow_______todo.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.how()14.Therearemanytrees_______oftheroad!And______ofthetreesisgrowinglargerandlarger.A.onbothside,anumberB.oneachsides,anumberC.onbothsides,thenumberD.oneveryside,thenumber()15.-Didshegotoschoolwhenshewasyoung?-No.Shetaught_______athome.A.herB.herselfC.hersD.she4)many，much,afew,few,alittle,little的用法另alotof=lotsof=plentyof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞=many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/much+不可數(shù)名詞alarge/greatnumberof=manyagreat/gooddealof=much()11.-CanyouspeakRussian?-Yes,butonly＿＿＿＿.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew5)疑問(wèn)代詞疑問(wèn)代詞是用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句的代詞。如：who,what,whom,which等。常房子句首，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。練習(xí)：VI.用適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡?wèn)詞填空。1.-________areyoudoing?-I'mreadingbooks.2.-_________T-shirtisthis?-It'sTom's.3.__________doyoulikebetter,thisoneorthatone?4.-_________isthemaninthecar?-He'smyuncle.5.-To______didyoutalklastnight?-Myclassmate,Jim.6〕關(guān)系代詞。〔不是小學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)范圍，故不多講解。略〕三．課后作業(yè)。一、把下面表格填寫(xiě)完整單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱主格賓格名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代詞myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves二、根據(jù)括號(hào)中的要求給出以下代詞的適當(dāng)形式。1.it_______〔形容詞性物主代詞〕2.my_________〔名詞性物主代詞〕3.herself__________〔復(fù)數(shù)形式〕4.we_________〔賓格形式〕5.you____________〔形容詞性物主代詞〕6.her_________〔名詞性物主代詞〕7.ourselves___________〔單數(shù)形式〕8.you_________〔賓格形式〕9.he____________〔賓格形式〕三、根據(jù)以下句子說(shuō)法.從方框中選出恰當(dāng)?shù)?個(gè)代詞填空?！沧⒁獯笮?xiě)〕MyherweitshimtheirMinehersourityoursthem1.AndyandIaremakingamodelplane.→_________aremakingamodelplane.2.Doestheblankbikebelongtoyou？→Istheblackbike_______?3.Thebighouseamongthemountainsbelongstothem.→________bighouseliesamongthemountains.4.Itishercomputer.→Thecomputeris_______.5.Ican’tfindmyglasses.→Theglassesarenot_______.Whereis_________glasses?6.Thetailbelongstothewhitedog.→Thewhitedogiswaging(擺動(dòng))______tailhappily.7.MomandDadboughtabirthdaygiftforhim.→________boughtabirthdaygiftforhim.→Thebirthdaygiftwas________.四、從括號(hào)中選擇正確的詞填空。1.〔This/These〕aremylettersand(that/those)ismybrother’s.2.(This/These)shoesareMs.Jones.3.How(many/much)applesdoyouhave?4.---Isthere(some/any)waterinthefridge?-----yes.thereis(some/any).5.(Everybody/Nobody)needsfriends.6.Wehaveavacation(假期)fortwomonths(every/each)summer.7.Mymotherboughttwoskirtsformysisterandme.But(either/neither)ofuslikestheskirts.8.Hurryup!Thereare(afew/few)minutesleft.9.(What/Which)doyoulikebetter?Surfingorskating?10.-----What’sintheletter?-----It’s(anything/nothing)important.11.---SoyouareJamesCotton!----(It’s/That’s)right.MynameisJames.12.----Whatdidyousayjustnow?---(Nothing/Everything).五、選擇填空1.Arethey_______raincoatsor________?A.their,oursB.their,ourC.theirs,ousD.their,us2.Help_______tosomechicken.children.A.themselfB.themC.yourselfD.yourselves3.________ofmyparentscantakecareofmylittlesister,soIwillstayathometotakecareofher.A.AllB.BothC.NoneD.Neither4.________doyoulikebest,football.,volleyballorbaseball?A.WhoB.WhichC.WhatD.Why5.TeacherZhang,_______wantstoseeyou.------Who?A.someoneB.anyoneC.ID.he6.------Whattimeis_______?-----_________’seighto’clockam.A.this,ThisB.that,ThisC.it,ItD.it,This7.------MayIhavesomesocks.please?------CanIgiveyou_______socksontheshelf?-------No.thankyou.I’dlike______socksthere.Theylookcomfortable.A.that,thisB.this,thatC.those,theseD.these,those8Threebottlesofwater.twocakesandaknife.please.-----Is_______all?A.itB.thisC.thatD.these9.Wouldyoulike______wine?------No.thanks.A.someB.anyC.noD.the10.Hello._________isSusanspeaking.CanIspeaktoAndy.please?--------Holdon,please.A.sheB.thisC.thatD.it11.Thereare_____eggsinthebottle.Ihavetobuy_____.A.no,littleB.alittle,littleC.few,someD.afew,