科技論文摘要-英

作業(yè)1.大田條件下，模擬20%的平流層臭氧層衰減時輻射到地表的紫外線B(UVB,280~320nm)的增強，研究了10個大豆〔Gycinemax(L.)Merr.〕品種根、莖、葉和種子的穩(wěn)定碳同位素組成〔δ13C〕、生物量、產(chǎn)量和收獲指數(shù)的變化，UV-B輻射增加使所有品種的總生物量和產(chǎn)量分別平均下降24.2%和23.3%，10個品種的收獲指數(shù)平均提高1.39%。其中6個品種的收獲中指數(shù)增加，4個減少；與對照相比，UV-B作用下9個品種葉、莖、根和種子中穩(wěn)定碳同位素〔δ13C值〕組成降低，一個品種“8907-32〞各器官穩(wěn)定碳同位素組成增加。δ13C值存在器官差異，10個品種的對照組和處理組的δ13C平均值由大到小的順序是根、莖、種子和葉；結(jié)果說明，UV-B可能導致大豆代謝過程及代謝產(chǎn)物的分配發(fā)生變化。EffectofenhancedUV-Bradiationongrowth,yieldandstablecarbonisotopecompositioninGlycinemaxAbstract:Effectsofenhancedultraviolet-B(UV-B)radiationongrowth,yieldandstablecarbonisotopecomposition(Cvalue)intencultivarsofGlycinemax(L.)Merr.wereinvestigatedunderfieldconditions.Supplemental〔追加的)UV-Birradiationsimulated〔模擬〕a20%stratosphericozonedepletion.UV-Bradiationreducedbiomassandyieldinallsoybeancultivarsby24.2%and23.3%,respectively.However,theaverageharvestindexincreasedin6oftensoybeancultivarsbutreducedin4cultivars,theaverageincrementwas1.39%.Ascomparedwithcontrol,thedecreaseinδ13CvaluebyUV-Bwasobservedinmostcultivars,exceptincultivar“8907-32〞increasewasfound.TherewerealsoorgandifferencesofstablecarbonisotopecompositionunderenhancedUV-Birradiation.δ13Cofrootswasthehighestandofleaveswasthelowest,andδ13Cvalueinstemwashigherthaninseeds.TheresultsindicatedthatUV-Benhancementmightchangethemetabolicprocessandtheallocationofmetabolite.Keywords:UV-Bradiation,growth,yield,δ13Cvalue,GlycineIdentifyandCorrecttheerrors1.大田條件下，模擬20%的平流層臭氧層衰減時輻射到地表的紫外線B(UVB,280~320nm)的增強，研究了10個大豆〔Gycinemax(L.)Merr.〕品種根、莖、葉和種子的穩(wěn)定碳同位素組成〔δ13C〕、生物量、產(chǎn)量和收獲指數(shù)的變化，Theaimofthisstudywastoinvestigatetheeffectsofenhancedultraviolet_B(UV_B)radiationongrowth,yieldandstablecarbonisotopecomposition(δ13Cvalue)intencultivarsofGlycinemax(L.)Merr.bysimulatinga20%stratosphericozonedepletionunderfieldconditions.SimulatingaconditionwhereultravioletrayBradiationtothesurfaceisenhancedwhena20%stratosphereozonelayerisweakening.Effectsofenhancedultraviolet-B(UV-B)radiationongrowth,fieldandstablecarbonisotopecomposition(Cvalue)intencultivarsofGlycinemax(L.)Merr.wereinvestigatedunderfieldconditions.Supplemental〔追加的)UV-Birradiationsimulated〔模擬〕a20%stratosphericozonedepletion.2.與對照相比，UV-B作用下9個品種葉、莖、根和種子中穩(wěn)定碳同位素〔δ13C值〕組成降低，一個品種“8907-32〞各器官穩(wěn)定碳同位素組成增加。Comparingwithcontrol,thedecreaseinδ13CvaluebyUV_Bwasobservedinmostcultivarsexcept“8907_32〞.besidesSixspeciesoftheharvestindexincreased,fourdecrease:Comparedwiththecontrol,decreaseinδ13CvalueunderUV-Bwasdetectedinninecultivars’leaf、stem、rootandseed,otherthanincutlivar“8907-32〞increasewasfound.;Ascomparedwithcontrol,thedecreaseinδ13CvaluebyUV-Bwasobservedinmostcultivars,exceptincultivar“8907-32〞increasewasfound.UV-B輻射增加使所有品種的總生物量和產(chǎn)量分別平均下降24.2%和23.3%，10個品種的收獲指數(shù)平均提高1.39%。其中6個品種的收獲中指數(shù)增加，4個減少；

However,theexperimentincluding10varietiesharvestindex,theaverageincrementwas1.39%.

However,theaverageharvestindexincreasedin6oftensoybeancultivarsbutreducedin4cultivars,theaverageincrementwas1.39%.

2.利用241個重組自交系構(gòu)成的群體，對水稻〔OryzasativaL.〕株高和抽穗期進行基因定位。三年共定位到4個抽穗期的數(shù)量性狀基因〔QTLs〕和4個株高QTLs，其中位于第7染色體C1023-R1440區(qū)間的QTL3年均可檢測到，且效應(yīng)大，同時影響株高和抽穗期。為了區(qū)分這個區(qū)間的QTL是一因多效還是緊密連鎖的兩個QTL，從自交系群體里選取QTL區(qū)間來自明恢63，其他遺傳背景與珍汕97高度相似的自交系RIL50與珍汕97回交，獲得含有363個單株的近等基因系BC1F2群體?？疾熘旮吆统樗肫冢瑑蓚€性狀在群體里表現(xiàn)為雙峰分布，它們的別離比符合期望的單基因孟德爾遺傳別離比。BC1F2群體單株的株高和抽穗期根本表現(xiàn)為矮稈早抽穗，高稈遲抽穗，但是，6個單株表現(xiàn)相反的情況。以上結(jié)果證明，QTL能夠作為孟德爾因子進行研究。在BC1F2群體里，株高和抽穗期是由單個基因控制的，第7染色體上是兩個緊密連鎖的基因分別控制株高和抽穗期。②Mappingandisolationofquantitativetraitloci(數(shù)量性狀基因〕controllingplantheightandheadingdateinriceKeywords:rice,recombinantinbredlinepopulation〔重組自交系群體〕,headingdate,plantheight,QTL-nearisogenicline〔近等基因系〕,Mendelianfactors(孟德爾因子)Abstract:Quantitativetraitloci〔數(shù)量性狀基因〕(QTL)wereidentifiedforheadingdateandplantheightinrice(OryzasarivaL.)usingarecombinant〔重組體〕inbredlinepopulationconsistingof241lines.Totally4QTLsforheadingdateand4QTLsforplantheightweredetectedinthreeyears.TheQTLwithlargeeffectslocatedintheintervalC1023-R1440onchromosome7〔[生物]染色體〕wassimultaneouslydetectedinthreeyearsforbothtraits.InordertodistinguishtheintervalwhethercontainedoneQTLwithpleiotropy〔[生]基因多效性,多向性〕effectortwocloselinkedQTLs,arecombinantlineRIL50,whosegeneticbackgroundwashighsimilartoZhenhan97excepttheregionscoveredthemajorQTLfromMinghui63,wasselectedtocrosswithZhenhan97.ABC1F2populationfromthecross,whichcouldberegardedasnearisogeniclines(NIL)〔近等基因系〕withthetargetedQTL(QTL-NIL),wasusedtocollectheadingdateandplantheightdata.ThefrequencydistributionofthetwotraitsintheBC1F2populationwasbimodal〔雙峰的〕,andtheirsegregationratioswereinaccordancewiththeexpectedMendelianinheritanceratios.Normally，theshortplantsfloweredearlyinthepopulation,thehighplantswithlateheadingdale,buttherelationshipsbetweentheplantheightandtheheadingdateof6plansconflictedwiththecase.TheaboveresultsclearlydemonstratedthatQTLcouldbetreatedassingleMendelianfactor.Moreover,therearetwocloselinkedgenescontrollingtheheadingdateandtheplantheightonchromosome7,respectively.IdentifyandCorrecttheerrors1.其中位于第7染色體C1023-R1440區(qū)間的QTL3年均可檢測到，且效應(yīng)大，同時影響株高和抽穗期。TheQTLwhichhaslargeeffectsforheadingstageandplantheightlocatedintheintervalC1023-R1440onchromosome7weresimultaneouslydetectedinthreeyears.TheQTLwithlargeeffectslocatedintheintervalC1023-R1440onchromosome7〔[生物]染色體〕wassimultaneouslydetectedinthreeyearsforbothtraits.2.為了區(qū)分這個區(qū)間的QTL是一因多效還是緊密連鎖的兩個QTL，從自交系群體里選取QTL區(qū)間來自明恢63，其他遺傳背景與珍汕97高度相似的自交系RIL50與珍汕97回交，獲得含有363個單株的近等基因系BC1F2群體。InordertodistinguishedtheintervalwhethercontainedoneQTLwithpleiotropyeffectortwocloselinkedQTLs,arecombinantlineRIL50,whichthegeneticbackgroundwashighsimilartozhenshan97andtheregionscoveredtheQTLfromminghui63,wasselectedtohybridizewithzhenshan97,ABC1F2populationthatcontained363plantsfromthehybridization,Whichcouldberegardedasnearisogeniclines(NIL)withthetargetedQTL(QTL-NIL).InordertodistinguishtheintervalwhethercontainedoneQTLwithpleiotropy〔[生]基因多效性,多向性〕effectortwocloselinkedQTLs,arecombinantlineRIL50,whosegeneticbackgroundwashighsimilartoZhenhan97excepttheregionscoveredthemajorQTLfromMinghui63,wasselectedtocrosswithZhenhan97.ABC1F2populationfromthecross,whichcouldberegardedasnearisogeniclines(NIL)〔近等基因系〕withthetargetedQTL(QTL-NIL),wasusedtocollectheadingdateandplantheightdata.3.對福建省10個主栽橄欖品種果實在8℃、RH85%貯藏條件下的果實失重率及貯藏溫度〔2℃、10℃、20℃、1℃室溫〕、貯藏時間及包裝對果實失重率的影響進行研究。結(jié)果說明，橄欖各品種隨貯藏天數(shù)的增加，果實失重率呈線性增加；供試的10個橄欖品種，以中長營最易失水，福州品種群太長營、中長營、小長營較容易失水，莆仙品種群厝后本、劉族本保水性能較好，其中劉族本果實失重率顯著〔P＜0.05〕地低于其他品種果實。沒有包裝的檀香橄欖果實失重率與貯藏溫度、貯藏時間呈顯著〔P＜0.05〕正相關(guān)，即橄欖果實失重率隨貯藏溫度升高〔相關(guān)系數(shù)，r=0.9560~0.9999〕，貯藏時間延長〔r=0.9692~0.9960〕而增加，且它們間存在互作效應(yīng)，橄欖不同品種與貯藏時間之間也存在互作效應(yīng)。用0.04mm厚聚乙烯膜袋包裝，可有效地控制橄欖果實的自然失水，與對照組沒有包裝間存在極顯著〔P＜0.01)差異，因而延長了橄欖果實的貯藏期。FactorsinfluencinglosingweightofChineseolivefruitsduringcoldstorageAbstract:ThefruitweightlossrateoftenchiefcultivarsofChineseolive[Cariumalbum(Lour.)Raeusch]inFujianProvince,andeffectsofstoragetemperatures(2℃,6℃,10℃,and20±℃),storagetimeandpackageontheweightlossesofthefruitswereinvestigatedunderthespecificstorageconditionsof8℃,85%relativehumidity.Resultsshowedthatfruitweightlossesofthetencultivarswerelinearlyincreasedwiththeincreaseofstoragetime.ChineseolivecultivarZhongchangyingwastheeasiestlosingweighttypeamongthetestedcultivars.Dachangying,ZhongchangyingandXiaochangying,belongingtothevarietygroupofFuzhou,werethesecondlosingweight.TheeasttypesvarietyCuohouben,andLiuben,belongingtothevarietygroupofPuxianshowedbetterwater-preservationproperty.TheweightlossrateofLiuzubenwassignificantlylessthanthatoftheothercultivars(P＜0.05〕.TheweightlossrateofTanxiangunpackedwassignificantlyinpositivewiththestoragetemperatureandtime＜0.05)(r=0.9560～0.9999andr=0.9652～0.9960respectively).Furthermore,therewereinteractionsbetweenstoragetemperatureandstoragetime,However,polyethylene〔聚乙烯〕(PE)filmpackagecouldefficientlydecreasethelossofmoisture.Therewasasignificantdifference(P＜0.01)betweenpackagedandunpackagedtreatments.Therefore,thePEpackagecouldprolongthestoragelifeofChineseolivefruits.Keywords:Chineseolivefruits,losingweightrate,cultivars,storagetemperature,storagetime,package.IdentifyandCorrecttheerrors1.對福建省10個主栽橄欖品種果實在8℃、RH85%貯藏條件下的果實失重率及貯藏溫度〔2℃、10℃、20℃、1℃室溫〕、貯藏時間及包裝對果實失重率的影響進行研究。Thispaperstudyontheweightlossrateof10kindsofoliveinFujianProvinceundertheconditionof8℃、RH85%.ThefruitweightlossrateoftenchiefcultivarsofChineseolive[Cariumalbum(Lour.)Raeusch]inFujianProvince,andeffectsofstoragetemperatures(2℃,6℃,10℃,and20±℃),storagetimeandpackageontheweightlossesofthefruitswereinvestigatedunderthespecificstorageconditionsof8℃,85%relativehumidity.2.結(jié)果說明，橄欖各品種隨貯藏天數(shù)的增加，果實失重率呈線性增加；供試的10個橄欖品種，以中長營最易失水，福州品種群太長營、中長營、小長營較容易失水，莆仙品種群厝后本、劉族本保水性能較好，其中劉族本果實失重率顯著〔P＜0.05〕地低于其他品種果實。AllofthemVarietyZhongchangyingiseasiesttolosewater.Vrivety.Cuohouben,andVariety.Liuzuben,belongingtothegroupvarietyofPuxianhadbetterwater-preservationproperty;thefruitweightlossofVariety.Liuzubenwassignificantlylowerthanothervarieties(P<0.05).TheeasttypesvarietyCuoho