牛津深圳版中考英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)講義

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式(表示“目的”或“要做的事)一、作主語(yǔ)的常用句型(此處的it是形式主語(yǔ)，todo才是真主)Itis+adj+for/ofsb(not)todo做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是Ittakessb+時(shí)間+todo做某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間Itisone'sturntodo輪到某人做某事了Itistime(forsb)todo是(某人)該做某事的時(shí)候了sb+be+adj+todo某人做…是…too..todo太…以致不能..…enoughtodo足夠..做某事總結(jié)：Itis開(kāi)頭的句型后面?？技觮odo二、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)(常考固定搭配)①結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞+todosth.wanttodosth.想做某事=wouldliketodosthpromisetodosth.承諾做某事plantodosth.計(jì)劃做某事try/doone'sbesttodo盡某人最大的努力做某事refusetodosth.拒絕做某事begin(start)todosth.開(kāi)始做某事=begin(start)doingsthexpecttodosth.期望做某事like/lovetodo=like/lovedoing喜歡做某事decidetodosth.決定做某事offertodosth.主動(dòng)提出做某事learntodosth.學(xué)習(xí)做某事hopetodosth.希望做某事agreetodosth.同意做某事continuetodosth.繼續(xù)做某事choosetodo選擇做某事makesuretodo確定做某事failtodo末能做某事managetodo成功做某事②結(jié)構(gòu):it作形式賓語(yǔ)，todo真賓think/find/makeit+adj+todo.認(rèn)為/發(fā)現(xiàn)/使做某事是…Eg：Ifindithardtopassthisexam.三、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(?？脊潭ù钆?結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞+sb+todosthasksb.todosth.叫某人做某事wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事tellsb.todosth.告訴某人做某事wouldlikesb.todosth.想要某人做某事=wantsb.todosth.encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事teachsb.todosth.教某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事expectsb.todosth.盼望某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事advisesbtodosth建議某人做某事order/instructsbtodosth命令某人做某事warnsbtodosth警告某人做某事remindsbtodosth提醒某人做某事動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)(todo放在n/pron.后面作定語(yǔ))常接不定式作定語(yǔ)的名詞有：time/need/chancelopportunity/way/couragelreason/effort/decision/abilitytodostheg:Shehasachancetogoabroad.她有機(jī)會(huì)出國(guó)。五、動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)(?？季湫?One'sdream/joblwish/aim/purposeistodo某人的夢(mèng)想/工作/愿望/目的/目的是…eg:MydreamistobeanEnglishteacher.我的夢(mèng)想是成為一名英語(yǔ)老師。六、疑問(wèn)詞+todowhen/why/wholwhich/where/what/how等等疑問(wèn)詞+todoEg:Idon'tknowhowtomakeit.我不知道怎么取得成功。七、常見(jiàn)的省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式感官動(dòng)詞后：一感(feel)、二聽(tīng)(hear,listento)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)Eg:Isawhercleantheroom.我看見(jiàn)她打掃了房間。使役動(dòng)詞后：make/let/haveeg-Mymothermakesmewashherclothes.我媽媽讓我洗她的衣服。help后：helpsb(to)do不定式的并列Eg:Hewishestostudymedicineandbecomeadoctor.but,except前若有動(dòng)詞do,其后的動(dòng)詞用原形eg:Wehavenothingtodobutwait.固定搭配Whydon’tyoudo/Whynot+動(dòng)詞原形?為什么不…?wouldratherdosth☆動(dòng)名詞即“名詞”,可當(dāng)作名詞來(lái)用一、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)(1)一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Eg:Eatingvegetablesisgoodforhealth.(2)如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。eg:Readingstorybooksandlisteningtomusicaremyfavoritehobbies.二、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)(固定搭配)1結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)名詞enjoydoingsth喜歡做某事finish/completedoingsth完成做某事minddoingsth介意做某事practisel/practicedoingsth練習(xí)做某事keepdoingsth保持做某事imaginedoingsth想象做某事admitdoingsth承認(rèn)做某事considerdoingsth考慮做某事denydoingsth否認(rèn)做某事meandoingsth意味著做某事avoiddoingsth避免做某事suggest/advisedoingsth建議做某事appreciatedoingsth感激做某事can'thelpdoingsth忍不住做某事beworthdoingsth值得做某事bebusydoingsth忙于做某事allowdoingsth允許做某hatedoingsth討厭做某事2.介賓重點(diǎn)記熟這些介詞：in/on/at/of/for/from/about/before/after/without/bylwith/through…..常見(jiàn)短：Keep/insistondoing堅(jiān)持做某事succeedindoing成功做某事feellikedoing想要做某事prevent/keep/stopsbfromdoing阻止某人做某事havedifficulty/troublelproblem(in)doingsth做某事有困難lookforwardtodoing期待做某事be/getusedtodoing習(xí)慣做某事payattentiontodoing專(zhuān)注于做某事spend.…(in)doing花費(fèi)…做某事giveupdoingsth放棄做某事preferdoingsthtodoingsth喜歡做某事勝于做某事begoodatdoing=dowellindoing擅長(zhǎng)做某事havefundoing做某事很開(kāi)心beinterestedindoing對(duì)做某事感興趣thankyoufordoing因做某事而感謝你三、動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)(放在系動(dòng)詞后)eg=Myhobbyisswimming.(此時(shí)不是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))我的愛(ài)好是游泳。動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)(動(dòng)名詞修飾名詞時(shí)表示該名詞的用途)readingroom閱覽室writingdesk寫(xiě)字臺(tái)既可加動(dòng)名詞也可加不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)區(qū)別不大：begin/starttodo=begin/startdoing開(kāi)始做某事continuetodo=continuedoing繼續(xù)做某事love/liketodo=love/likedoing喜歡做某事prefertodo=preferdoing更喜歡做某事區(qū)別較大：forgettodosth忘記要做某事(事情沒(méi)做)forgetdoingsth忘記曾經(jīng)做過(guò)什么(事情已經(jīng)做了)remembertodosth記得要做某事rememberdoingsth記得做過(guò)某事goontodo繼續(xù)/接著做另一件事goondoing繼續(xù)做同一件事meantodo打算做某事=plantodomeandoing意味著做某事regrettodosth遺憾要做某事regretdoingsth遺憾做過(guò)某事stoptodosth停下(正在做的一件事)去做另一件事stopdoingsth停止做什么trytodosth努力/盡力做某事trydoingsth試著做……beusedtodosth被用來(lái)做某事beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣做某事分詞過(guò)去分詞表“被動(dòng)”;現(xiàn)在分詞表“主動(dòng)”或“進(jìn)行”一、過(guò)去分詞(done)1.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)YesterdayImetamancalledMr.Black.昨天我遇見(jiàn)了一個(gè)名叫布萊克先生的人這種結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)自于定語(yǔ)從句的省略，寫(xiě)完整：YesterdayImetamanwhoiscalledMr.Black.2.常見(jiàn)的過(guò)去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：havelget/make,注意區(qū)分其與省略to的不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。makesbdosth使某人做某事makesb/sthdone使…被…eg:Hemakeshissonreadeverynight.Theboyshoutedtomakehimselfheard.havesb.dosth.使某人做某事havesb./sth.done使…被…eg:YoushouldhaveTomhelpyou.Iwillhavemycarrepairedgetsb.todosth.使某人做某事getsb./sth.done使某人/某事被做eg:YoushouldgetTomtohelpyou.Iwillgetmycarrepaired.二、現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)Thewomanrunningafterthethiefshoutedveryloudly.跟著小偷追的婦女大聲喊叫這種結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)自于定語(yǔ)從句的省略，上個(gè)例句寫(xiě)完整：Thewoman(whois)runningafterthethiefshoutedveryloudly.現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的句型:keep(保持)/see(看到)/hear(聽(tīng)到)/watch(注意到)/feel(感覺(jué)到)/findsbdoingMumkeptmeworkingalltheweek媽媽讓我一個(gè)星期都在工作。WhenIenteredtheroom,IsawJackeatingabigpear.我進(jìn)入房間時(shí)看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子特殊句型:therebesbdoingsth.有..正在做..eg:Look!ThereisamandoingTaijineartheriver.看!河邊有個(gè)男人正在打太極。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞→答題技巧1.一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句有且只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞①Ninaisateacher.②NinateachesEnglish.并列句：句中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞，需用連詞把它們連接起來(lái)NinaisateacherandteachesEnglish.復(fù)合句中，有幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句就有幾個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞→各種從句；NinaisateacherwhoteachesEnglish.如果既沒(méi)有連詞，也不是復(fù)合句，那么第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞就作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，NinaisateacherteachingEnglish.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞6大原則原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用不定式★表目的Tomakethiscake,you'llneed2eggs.為了做這塊蛋糕，你需要2只雞蛋。原則二：★將要發(fā)生Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天將要舉行的會(huì)議非常重要?！镏鲃?dòng)意義ThegiflreadingEnglishoverthereismydaughter.那邊讀英語(yǔ)的女孩是我的女兒?！锉粍?dòng)意義Thehouseboughtlastyearwillbesoldafewdayslater.去年買(mǎi)的房子幾天后就會(huì)出售?！霸瓌t三：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用現(xiàn)在分詞Acardcamey