《基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)》教學(xué)大綱

《基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)美語(yǔ)》

教學(xué)大綱

（供英文班臨床麻醉影像專業(yè)使用）

錦州醫(yī)科大學(xué)?教務(wù)處

二O一六年六月

《基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)》教學(xué)大綱

適用專業(yè)：英文班臨床麻醉影像

總學(xué)時(shí)：28理論學(xué)時(shí)：28實(shí)踐學(xué)時(shí)：0

一、課程的性質(zhì)和任務(wù)

本課程為錦州醫(yī)科大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)各專業(yè)大學(xué)三年級(jí)的考查課。本課程的任務(wù)是使學(xué)生通過(guò)對(duì)專業(yè)英

語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)，通過(guò)精讀和泛讀一定數(shù)量的醫(yī)學(xué)性科普文章，熟練掌握一定的醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯和醫(yī)務(wù)人員

的日常生活會(huì)話及擴(kuò)大認(rèn)知量，為閱讀英文醫(yī)學(xué)期刊、藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)、各種證明、病歷等醫(yī)院日常業(yè)

務(wù)所涉及的英文書(shū)籍打下基礎(chǔ)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的能力，側(cè)重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀能力，同時(shí)為

提高閱讀速度和質(zhì)量，為學(xué)生進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用專業(yè)英語(yǔ)打好基礎(chǔ)，以達(dá)到培養(yǎng)應(yīng)用型人才的教學(xué)

目的。

二、相關(guān)課程的銜接

本課程為非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的考查課，是在已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了大學(xué)英語(yǔ)，即：新視野英語(yǔ)第一4冊(cè)或全新主

題第卜4冊(cè)之后所開(kāi)設(shè)的課程。

三、教學(xué)的基本要求

能夠讀懂醫(yī)學(xué)性科普文章，熟練掌握一定的醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯和醫(yī)務(wù)人員的日常生活會(huì)話及擴(kuò)大認(rèn)

知量，為閱讀英文醫(yī)學(xué)期刊、藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)、各種證明、病歷等醫(yī)院日常業(yè)務(wù)所涉及的英文書(shū)籍打下

基礎(chǔ)。

四、學(xué)時(shí)分配（理論）

章節(jié)教學(xué)內(nèi)容學(xué)時(shí)

UnitlHolism3

Unit2TheMusculoskeletalSystem3

Unit3TheNervousSystem3

TranslationMedicalEnglishTranslation3

Reviewand2

Testing

Unit5TheRespiratorySystem3

Unitl1CloningandGenes3

Unitl4Microbiology3

WritingMedicalEnglishWriting3

Reviewand2

Testing

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合計(jì)28

五、課程考核

課程考試方式為考查。綜合形成性評(píng)估和終結(jié)性評(píng)估考核結(jié)果，最終報(bào)告分?jǐn)?shù)計(jì)算公式為：最

終報(bào)告分?jǐn)?shù)=平時(shí)（50%）+期末（50%）

（填寫(xiě)要求：說(shuō)明本課程所采用的考核方法，如閉卷、開(kāi)卷，論文或設(shè)計(jì)等，如并用多種方法

請(qǐng)說(shuō)明分?jǐn)?shù)分配的百分比例。）

六、教材及主要參考書(shū)

（一）教科書(shū)

[1]郝長(zhǎng)江等著.《基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)》全一冊(cè).青島：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)出版社，2008.07

（-）參考書(shū)

電子課件、課文mp3文件及其它院校網(wǎng)絡(luò)鏈接內(nèi)容。

鏈接地址：/?cat=107

七、教學(xué)內(nèi)容（理論）

Unit1Holism整體醫(yī)學(xué)

【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】

PartATerminology術(shù)語(yǔ)用法

Exercises

PartBTextAHolisticMedicine

Warm-up

Groupdiscussion

【教學(xué)基本要求】

PartATerminology

PrefixanditsMeaning：前綴含義

PrefixMeaningExamples

[Quality]mal-ill,bad,poorMalnutrition;maladjustment

e.g."AccordingtotraditionalChinesemedicaltheory,diseasesarecausedbythe

maladjustmentoftheqi,andofbloodcirculation."

根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)理論,疾病的產(chǎn)生常是氣和血的循環(huán)失調(diào)所致。

e.g.

Theweakeningofsocialorganizations,themaladjustmentofchildren,andfinally,crime,had

resulted.

使社會(huì)組織削弱,孩子心理失調(diào)，最后，造成更多的人犯罪。

PrefixMeaningExamples

[Quantity]hypo-deficientHypocalcemia,hypothyroid

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e.g.AbsorptionofHFmaycausehypocalcemiaduetoHFsfixationofbloodcalcium.

Hyperkalemiamayoccurifseverehypocalcemiaappears.

hf的吸收會(huì)由于hf對(duì)血鈣固定導(dǎo)致低血鈣癥。如果出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的低血鈣癥,就會(huì)發(fā)生血鉀

過(guò)多。

e.g.Significantfluorideexposurevialargeburns,inhalation,oringestionwillrequire

observationforhypocalcemia.

大面積燒傷、吸入或攝入導(dǎo)致的嚴(yán)重氟化物暴露要求觀察是否造成了血鈣過(guò)少。

PrefixMeaningExamples

[position]Retro-Behind,backwardRetroversion，retrusion

e.g.mandibularretrusion

下頜后縮

e.g.Theyfounddentalretrusioninaotherwisebalancedmaleskeletalpatternandthe

maxillarydeficientprofileinaotherwisebalancedfemaleskeletalpatterntobeasattractive

asthebimaxillaryprotrusivestimulusface.

結(jié)論本研究有利于中外正畸醫(yī)師在治療中國(guó)患者時(shí)有所依據(jù)，以達(dá)到醫(yī)患均滿意的治療

效果。

PrefixMeaningExamples

[type]auto-selfautologous

e.g.Currentprostheticalternativestoautologousvascularbypassgraftsremainpoorinterms

ofpatencyandinfectionrisk.

然而就自體血管旁路移植術(shù)而言，由于移植后開(kāi)放性感染的發(fā)生率較高，所以當(dāng)前可供選

擇的替代移植物種類較少。

e.g.Askyourphysicianifnewertendinopathytreatmentssuchasshockwavetherapy,

autologousbloodinjectionsornitroglycerinpatchesarerightforyou.

向你的醫(yī)生咨詢?nèi)绻碌闹委熾熳硬∽兯ネ税Y的方法比如超聲波療法，自體移植式血液

注射療法或者是硝化甘油片療法是否適合你。

PartB

TextAHolisticMedicine

Warm-up：Backgroundknowledge背景知識(shí)

[1]美國(guó)整體醫(yī)學(xué)組織

/

AHMA(AmericanHolisticMedicineAssociation)

HistoryoftheAHMA

TheAHMAwasfoundedin1978tounitelicensedphysicianswhopracticeholisticmedicine.Itisone

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oftheoldestholisticmedicineorganizationsofitskind,andmanyoftoday'snationalleadersinholistic

medicinegottheirstartasmembersoftheAHMA.SinceitsfirstmeetinginDenver,Colorado,theAHMA

hascontinuedtostrivetowardcreatingfellowshipandcollaborationamongpractitionersandthosethey

workwith-bringinganunderstandingofhowthemind,thebodyandthespiritallhaveaparttoplayin

healing.

12J英國(guó)整體醫(yī)學(xué)組織

/

BHMA(BritishHolisticMedicalAssociation)

2.1介紹英國(guó)整體醫(yī)學(xué)的主要網(wǎng)站

TheBravewellCollaborativeisagroupofphilanthropistswhoaresupportingintegrativemedicinein

Americanhealthcareinsuchareasaspreventivemedicine,patientempowerment,nutrition,

complementarymodalitiesandmedicaltrainingcumculumenhancement.

.uk

PrinceCharlesfoundationforintegratedmedicinewithanewrevitalisedlook.

/

Aholistichealthcommunityofindividualpractitioners,healthcentres,spasandretreats,training

providers,stores,suppliers,professionalorganisations,media,students,andanyotherindividualsor

organisationswithanactiveinterestinholistichealthandliving.

AUKwebsitethatlistsallholisticpractitionerswiththepurposeofpromotingholisticidealsand

linkingupwithotherlike-mindedsouls.

AUSAbasedorganisationthatpromotesinnovativemodelsofhealthcarethatfocusonhealingand

nurturingbody,mindandspirit,andhasamorehumanisticapproach

Generalmedical

2.2介紹英國(guó)兩所開(kāi)設(shè)整體醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)院

A:SwanseaCollegeHolisticTherapyDiplomaLevel3

授予學(xué)位：專業(yè)資格證書(shū)

課程長(zhǎng)度:3個(gè)月-1年

學(xué)習(xí)模式：全日制

課程介紹：

AoneyearfulltimecourseprovidingacomprehensivestudyinAromatherapy,Reflexologyand

SwedishMassage.Studentswillalsoachievealevel3DiplomainBusinessEssentialsforaTherapistand

KeySkillsunits.Studentswillstudyaromatherapy,reflexology,Swedishmassage,anatomyand

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physiology,healthandsafety/legislation,interpersonalskillsandBritishFirstAid.AdditionalUnits

include:IndianHeadMassage,Diet&Nutrition.

錄取要求：Acoursefor16-18yearolds.Normally5GCSEsgradeCorabove.

開(kāi)學(xué)日期Sep/09-Tobeconfirmed

B:HolisticTherapyforInternationalStudentsDiploma(IIHHT)

ColegGianHafren

CardiffCollegeInternationalHolisticTherapyforInternationalStudentsDiploma(IIHHT)

授予學(xué)位：專業(yè)資格證書(shū)

授予機(jī)構(gòu)：InternationalInstituteofHealth&HolisticTherapies

課程長(zhǎng)度:3個(gè)月-1年

學(xué)習(xí)模式：全日制

課程介紹：

Studentscarryoutpracticaltraininginthemodernbeautyclinic,whichallowsthemtoworkwith

clientsandmodels.Thecourseincludes:*Aromatherapy*BodyMassage,Reflexology*ZoneTherapy*

AnatomyandPhysiology*BusinessStudiesandLegislation*Nutrition

錄取要求：Mature,caringandprofessionalattitudeandagoodstandardofEnglish

開(kāi)學(xué)日期Sep/09-Fulltime

[31加拿大伯納比整體醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)院(PCUCollegeofHolisticMedicine)

該整體醫(yī)學(xué)的主要目的是為學(xué)院的一個(gè)多文化，國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際社會(huì)，提供接受職業(yè)教育，培訓(xùn)和

整體醫(yī)學(xué)臨床治療。學(xué)院的主要目標(biāo)是：

1、為了擴(kuò)大互補(bǔ)性和替代性保健計(jì)劃陣列，成為加拿大最重要的整體醫(yī)學(xué)院校。

2、為了保持我們的教學(xué)質(zhì)量最高水平。

3、多樣化和擴(kuò)大我們的學(xué)生人數(shù)。

4、為了提高公眾意識(shí)/有助于加拿大的醫(yī)療制度。

KnowledgeaboutHolisticMedicine整體醫(yī)學(xué)的相關(guān)知識(shí)

ThePrinciplesofHolisticMedicine

OptimalHealthistheprimarygoalofholisticmedicalpractice.

Itistheconsciouspursuitofthehighestleveloffunctioningandbalanceofthephysical,

environmental,mental,emotional,socialandspiritualaspectsofhumanexperience,resultinginadynamic

stateofbeingfullyalive.Thiscreatesaconditionofwell-beingregardlessofthepresenceorabsenceof

disease.

TheHealingPowerofLove.

Holistichealthcarepractitionersstrivetomeetthepatientwithgrace,kindness,acceptance,andspirit

withoutcondition,asloveislife'smostpowerfulhealer.

WholePerson.Holistichealthcarepractitionersviewpeopleastheunityofbody,mind,spiritandthe

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systemsinwhichtheylive.

PreventionandTreatment.

Holistichealthcarepractitionerspromotehealth,preventillnessandhelpraiseawarenessofdis-ease

inourlivesratherthanmerelymanagingsymptoms.Aholisticapproachrelievessymptoms,modifies

contributingfactors,andenhancesthepatient'slifesystemtooptimizefuturewell-being.

InnateHealingPower.

Allpeoplehaveinnatepowersofhealingintheirbodies,mindsandspirits.Holistichealthcare

practitionersevokeandhelppatientsutilizethesepowerstoaffectthehealingprocess.

IntegrationofHealingSystems.

Holistichealthcarepractitionersembracealifetimeoflearningaboutallsafeandeffectiveoptionsin

diagnosisandtreatment.Theseoptionscomefromavarietyoftraditions,andareselectedinordertobest

meettheuniqueneedsofthepatient.Therealmofchoicesmayincludelifestylemodificationand

complementaryapproachesaswellasconventionaldrugsandsurgery.

Relationship-centeredCare.

Theidealpractitioner-patientrelationshipisapartnershipwhichencouragespatientautonomy,and

valuestheneedsandinsightsofbothparties.Thequalityofthisrelationshipisanessentialcontributorto

thehealingprocess.

Individuality.

Holistichealthcarepractitionersfocuspatientcareontheuniqueneedsandnatureofthepersonwho

hasanillnessratherthantheillnessthathastheperson.

TeachingbyExample.

Holistichealthcarepractitionerscontinuallyworktowardthepersonalincorporationoftheprinciples

ofholistichealth,whichthenprofoundlyinfluencethequalityofthehealingrelationship.

LearningOpportunities.

Alllifeexperiencesincludingbirth,joy,sufferingandthedyingprocessareprofoundlearning

opportunitiesforbothpatientsandhealthcarepractitioners.

AnovelrelatedtoHolisticMedicine

AbouttheAuthor:

C.Bailey-Lloyd/LadyCamelotisthePublicRelationsDirector&WriterforHolisticJunction

HolisticMedicineinvolvesnaturaltreatmentoptionslikeholisticnutrition,herbology,environmental

medicine,energywork,mind-bodymedicine,anatomy,andmanyotherholisticmedicinepractices.

Holisticmedicineallowsanindividualtobetreatednaturallyandestablishesapositivebalance

betweenbody,mindandspirit.Holisitcmedicineencouragesself-healing.Holisticmedicinepromotes

detoxificationbyutilizingcleansingherbs.Holisticmedicinealsoteachesnutritionalguidelinesthat

enhancesproperdietandlongevity.Furthermore,holisticmedicinemeansutilizingrecommendedvitamins,

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mineralsandothernutritionalsupplementstomakeone'sbodyfunctionmoreeffectively.

Holisticmedicineencompassespreventativeandmaintenanceprograms.Butitalsoenablesusto

learnalternativehealingmethodslikeYoga,Reiki,TaiChi,acupressure,acupuncture,herbalandplant

remediesandsomuchmore.Therearewellover100medicalconditionslikecancer,migraines,chronic

fatiguesyndromeandmanyothersthatcanbehelpedwithholisticmedicinetoday.

Inmodernsociety,therearecountlessadvantagestoholisticmedicine.Ifyouorsomeoneyouknow

isinterestedinlearningaboutthebenefitsofholisticmedicineorwouldliketocontactaholisticmedicine

practitioner,HolisticJunctionhasadirectorylistingofmany,professionalholisticmedicinespecialists.

Simplygoto"Directories,*'clickonBusinessDirectoriesandwe'llhelpyoufindoneclosetoyou.

Groupdiscussion：

What'syourideaofhealth?

Whatdoyouknowaboutholistichealth?

（注明了解、熟悉、掌握的知識(shí)點(diǎn)）

【重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)】

Graspofmedicalvocabularies掌握醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯

Keywordsinthevocabulary:

Hypnosis[hip^ausis]n.催眠狀態(tài)

例句

Thetheoryorpracticeofinducinghypnosis.

催眠術(shù)引導(dǎo)睡眠的理論及實(shí)踐

holistic[hou'listik]adj.整體的，全盤(pán)的

例句：

Holisticmedicine;holisticecology.

全身治療的藥物；注重整體的生態(tài)學(xué)

encompass[in'kAmpasJvt,圍繞（包圍,擁有,完成）

例句：

Encompassingonallsides;surrounding.

圍繞的圍住每一邊的；包圍的

Theprisonisencompassedbyhighwalls.

監(jiān)獄被高墻圍繞著。

Thegeneralartscourseattheuniversityencompassesawiderangeof

subjects.

大學(xué)文科包括的科目非常廣泛。

complication[kompli'keijon;kompls'keijan]n.復(fù)雜，并發(fā)癥，糾紛

例句

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Ihaveenoughcomplicationinmylife.

我生活里的麻煩已經(jīng)夠多了。

Afurthercomplicationwashisrefusaltotravelbyair.

更麻煩的是他不肯坐飛機(jī)旅行。

Complicationssetin,andthepatientdied.

病人因出現(xiàn)并發(fā)癥而死亡。

modality［msu'dasliti;mou'd田Ei］n.樣式，形式，形態(tài)

［醫(yī)學(xué)］藥征［生理學(xué)］感覺(jué)

Therearetwomodelsofmulti-modalitytreatmentforadvancedcancer:

westernmedicinemulti-modalityandtraditionalChinesemedicine

multi-modality.晚期癌癥綜合治療的模式可以分為以化療為主的西醫(yī)綜

合治療模式和以中醫(yī)藥為主的中醫(yī)藥綜合治療模式。

optimal[^ptomal]adj,最佳的,最理想的

例句:Theergonomicsofthenewofficewerefelttobeoptimal.

新辦公室工效設(shè)計(jì)因素感覺(jué)十分理想

intravenous['intrSvi:n3S；intrs'vimss]adj.靜脈的，靜脈注射的

ClinicalEfficacyofIntravenousDripinSmallTransfusionBottleReplacing

IntravenousInjection小密封瓶滴注替代靜脈推注給藥效果觀察

rehabilitation[ri:habili,teijan;ri:habib'teij'9n]n.復(fù)原

例句:Thestudy,theory,andpracticeofprisonmanagementandcriminal

rehabilitation.刑獄學(xué)一種對(duì)刑罰典獄和監(jiān)獄管理的研究、實(shí)踐和理論

hygiene[*haidsi：n]n.衛(wèi)生（學(xué)）

例句:Peopleshouldwashregularlytoensurepersonalhygiene.人們應(yīng)經(jīng)常洗

澡以保證個(gè)人衛(wèi)生。

Intheinterestsofhygiene,pleasedonotsmokeintheshop.為健康著想，請(qǐng)不

要在本店吸煙。

equilibrium[i:kwi'libriom;i:kwSlibriam]n.平衡，均衡

例句:TheequilibriumofforcemustbeestablishedinEurope.必須確立歐洲

的均勢(shì)。

Aninfluenceorforcetendingtoproduceequilibrium;counterpoise.平衡力趨

向于產(chǎn)生平衡的影響或力量；平衡、均衡

Unit2TheMusculoskeletalSystem骨骼肌系統(tǒng)

【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】

PartATerminology術(shù)語(yǔ)

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Exercises

PartB

TextA

Warm-up

Groupdiscussion

Whatisthemusculoskeletalsystemcomposedof?

Whatarethefunctionsofthemusculoskeletalsystem?

【教學(xué)基本要求】

PartATerminology

Stems/AffixesanditsMeaning前綴含義

Stems/affixesMeaningExamples

arthr(o)-j=joint(articulation)arthritis

E.g.Myleftkneeactsupindampweather.Herarthritisisactingupagain.

我的左膝一到陰濕天氣就犯病。她的關(guān)節(jié)炎又犯了。

E.g.Thetreatmentofcertaindiseases,especiallyrheumatoidarthritis,withgoldcompounds.

金療法用金的化合物治療某些疾病，如風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎。

E.g.Shewasplaguedwitharthritis.她患關(guān)節(jié)炎十分痛苦。

brachi(o)-armbrachium

E.g.brachium:Thepartoftheupperarmorfbrelimbextendingfromtheshouldertothe

elbow.肱,上臂:從肩至肘之間的上臂部分或前肢。

cervic(o)-necknervical

E.g.Applicationofthecervicalbackmuscletrainerinthecervicalbackmuscleexercise

項(xiàng)背肌功能鍛煉頸椎康復(fù)器的臨床應(yīng)用

E.g.Function:Tightenesunwantedcervicalflesh,increasescervicalelasticity,promotes

lymphaticmetabolismandeliminatesredundantfat.

功效:收緊頸部多余贅肉，增強(qiáng)頸部韌性,促進(jìn)淋巴代謝，排除多余脂肪。

crani(o)-skullcranial

E.g.Craniosynostosisisthetermthatdesignatesprematurefusionofoneormorecranial

suturesthatcausesseverecranialdeformities.

顱縫早閉癥是指單一或多個(gè)顱縫過(guò)早閉合所引起的影響大腦發(fā)育和功能的嚴(yán)重先天性

疾病。

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E.g.Cranialnervetutorial.Fundamentalinformationaboutthecranialnerves.

大腦神經(jīng)導(dǎo)弘腦神經(jīng)的基本資訊。

femorfemurfemoral

E.g.X-rayfilmofherrighthipshowedevidenceofasubcapitalcomminutedfractureofthe

femoralneckwithdisplacement.Aninternalprostheticreplacementofthefemoralheadwas

advised.Afterapplicationoftractionandpropermedication,herconditions

x線片顯示右股骨頭下部粉碎性骨折兼移位。建議行人工股骨頭內(nèi)修復(fù)置換術(shù)。經(jīng)用藥

物及牽引治療后癥狀減輕。

E.g.X-rayfilmofherrighthipshowedevidenceofasubcapitalcomminutedfractureofthe

femoralneckwithdisplacement.Aninternalprostheticreplacementofthefemoralheadwas

advised.

X線片顯示右股骨頭下部粉碎性骨折兼移位。建議行人工股骨頭內(nèi)修復(fù)置換術(shù)。

fibr(o)-fiberfibrous

E.g.fibrous,membranous,orfattysheaththatenclosesanorganorpart,suchasthesac

surroundingthekidneyorthefibroustissuesthatsurroundajoint.

被膜，囊似纖維的，呈膜狀或含很多脂肪的套，內(nèi)包有一個(gè)器官或部位，如包裹著腎的囊或

包裹著一個(gè)關(guān)節(jié)的纖維狀組織

E.g.Conclusion:Theosteo-fibrousapertures,osteo-fibrouscanalandthetendinous

decussatingfibersofthenuchalmusclespassedthroughbycervicaldorsalramimightbethe

anatomicbasisofthecervicaldorsalramicompressionsyndrome.

結(jié)論:頸神經(jīng)后支穿行的骨纖維孔、纖維管及項(xiàng)部肌肉的腱性交叉纖維是造成頸神經(jīng)后

支卡壓的解剖學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。

kyph(o)-humpbackkyphosis

E.g.characteristicoforsufferingfromkyphosis.

具有駝背的特點(diǎn)或者患有駝背癥。

E.g.A16-year-oldmalewithScheuermannkyphosisofupto45degreesinvolvingthelevels

fromT10toL3underwentspinecorrectionoperation.

本篇報(bào)告一位16歲男性脊柱后突患者，胸椎第十一節(jié)至腰椎第三節(jié)角度高達(dá)45度。

lumb(o)-loin(lowerback)lumbar

E.g.Themaininjuredpartsincludedprolapseoflumbarintervertebral,musclesofwaistand

backmyofascitis,epiphysitisoflumbarspine,malpositionoflumbarspineandlumbar

musclestrain.

結(jié)果表明:97.5%的運(yùn)動(dòng)員患有腰部損傷,100%的運(yùn)動(dòng)員表示有過(guò)不同程度的腰部疼痛；

發(fā)病率前5位的損傷部位是腰椎間盤(pán)突出、腰椎峽部裂、棘突偏歪、腰椎錯(cuò)位和腰肌勞

損;損傷多發(fā)生在重要賽事前準(zhǔn)備期。

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E.g.Results6casesliedinspinlcanalbetweenthirdandfourthlumbar,29casesliedin

spinalcanalbetweenfourthandfifthlumbar,15casesliedbetweenfifthlumbarandfirst

sacrum.

結(jié)果椎管狹窄位于13,4平面6例,14,5水平者29例，位于15,si平面者15例。

E.g.Thecausesofsciaticainclude:prolapsedlumbarintervertebraldisc;spinalcanalstenosis

ofthelumbarvertebraandlumbarhyperosteogeny.

是指位于下腰部的坐骨神經(jīng)，受到外力的壓迫而產(chǎn)生后下腰部疼痛并反射到病側(cè)下肢的

情形。

pelv(i)pelvic(cavity)pelvic

E.g.Bothpelvicandthoracicslingrestraintsareused.

用吊帶約束瓢部和胸部。

E.g.Deformitiesofthepelvicgirdleinfemalesmayleadtodifficultiesinchild-birthmany

yearslater.

婦女骨盆帶變形,在以后分娩時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生困難。

tendin(o)tendontendonitis

e.g."Hargreaveswon'tbeplayingatallonthetour,"saidFerguson."It'sjusttendonitis.It*s

becominganiiTitantratherthanabigproblem.

隨著離新賽季開(kāi)幕還有不到兩周時(shí)間，以及保羅斯科爾斯也在受傷病困擾,弗格森爵士將

會(huì)盡力讓他的新弟子恢復(fù)健康。

e.g.Youcangettendonitis.你會(huì)得肌腱炎的

-trophygrowthhypertrophy

E.g.Certainothercardiovasculardisorderscauserightventricularhypertrophy.

某些其他心血管病，導(dǎo)致右心室肥大。

E.g.Hypertrophyalsoallowstheabnormallyhighpressuretobedevelopedbyagreater

numberofmyofibrils.肥厚也可使大量肌纖維產(chǎn)生異常高的壓力。

E.g.hypertrophyofcertainbodyparts(usuallylegsandscrotum);theendstateofthedisease

filariasis.身體的某個(gè)部分(腿或陰囊)過(guò)于肥大。

Exercises

IGivethemeaningforthefollowingaffixesorstemsandprovideoneexampleforeach.

IIChoosethedefinitionfromColumnBthatbestmatchesthestemoraffixinColumnA.

IllTranslatethefollowingwordsandphrasesintoEnglish.

【重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)】

1)Graspofmedicalvocabularies:

★subjectto易受...影響的,屈服于...的,讓步于...

例句：

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Peasantsusedtobesubjecttothelocallandowner.農(nóng)民過(guò)去受地主的壓迫。

Trainsaresubjecttodelay（s）aftertheheavysnowfalls.一下大雪火車就往往誤點(diǎn)。

Wearesubjecttomanyinfluences.我們都受著多方的影響。

★withregardto關(guān)于,至于

例句：

Apersonconsideredwithregardtohisorhercreditorreliabilityindischargingdebts.W良好信用的

人，有支付能力的人被認(rèn)為是在還債方面守信或可靠的人

Ihavenothingtosaywithregardtoyourcomplaints.對(duì)於你的投訴，我無(wú)可奉告。

Doyouhaveallyouneed?你所需的設(shè)備都有了嗎？

★accountforvt.（在數(shù)量方面）占，說(shuō)明（原因等），對(duì)...負(fù)責(zé)

例句：

Pleaseaccountforyourdisgracefulconduct.對(duì)你的可恥行為請(qǐng)作解釋。

Hehasbeenaskedtoaccountforhisconduct.他被要求解釋他的行為。

Hellhavetoaccountforwhereeverycentgoes.他得說(shuō)明所花掉的每一分錢的用途。

★experiencen.經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn);vt.經(jīng)歷，體驗(yàn)

例句：

ItwasthemosteducationalexperienceIhadeverhad.這是我有過(guò)的教育意義最大的一次經(jīng)歷。

Welearnfromthepast,experiencethepresentandhopeforsuccessinthefuture.我們從過(guò)去中學(xué)

習(xí)，體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在，展望未來(lái)的成功。

Iknowfrommyownexperiencehowdifficulttheworkcanbe.從我自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)我明白這項(xiàng)工作會(huì)

有多難。

★occupy['okjupai]vt.占領(lǐng)，占用,占據(jù)，使忙碌,使從事

例句：

Hertimeisfullyoccupiedwithherthreechildren.她的時(shí)間全部用在她的三個(gè)孩子身上了。

Howdoesheoccupyhimselfnowhe*sretired?他既已退休，那如何打發(fā)日子呢？

Thestrikingofficeworkershaveoccupiedthewholebuilding.罷工的辦公室人員占據(jù)了整座建筑

物。

★transmitvt.傳輸，傳送，代代相傳，傳達(dá);vi.（以無(wú)線電或有線電的方式）發(fā)送信號(hào)

例句

TheWorldCupfinalisbeingtransmittedlivetooverfiftycountries.世界杯決賽現(xiàn)在正向五十多個(gè)

國(guó)家現(xiàn)場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)播。

Thetensionsoontransmitteditselftoallthemembersofthecrowd.這種緊張情緒很快感染了人群

中所有的人。

Thisinfectionistransmittedbymosquitoes.這種傳染病是由蚊子傳染的。

★inresponseto回答，響應(yīng)

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例句：

Inresponsetoyourinquiry...茲答覆您的詢問(wèn)...

Inresponsetotheirhospitality,wewroteathank-younote.為回報(bào)他們的熱情，我們寫(xiě)了一封感謝

信。

Athindisk,especiallyinamicrophoneortelephonereceiver,thatvibratesinresponsetosoundwaves

toproduceelectricsignals,orthatvibratesinresponsetoelectricsignalstoproducesoundwaves.膜片，振

動(dòng)板一種薄的圓盤(pán)（尤其是在麥克風(fēng)和電話收話器里那種）響應(yīng)聲波振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生信號(hào)或者響應(yīng)電信號(hào)振

動(dòng)產(chǎn)生聲波

★coordinates同等的人物;（色調(diào)，圖案，樣式等）配套服裝;adj.同等的，等位的,（大學(xué)）男女分

院制的;v.協(xié)調(diào)，整合，使一致;［計(jì)算機(jī)］坐標(biāo)

例句：

Incomputergraphics,toenlargeorreduceallorpartofadisplayimagebymultiplyingtheir

coordinatebyconstantvalues.在計(jì)算機(jī)圖形學(xué)中，以常數(shù)值乘以圖象的坐標(biāo)來(lái)放大或縮小全部或部分

顯示圖象。

Ananchorcoordinateanewscastinwhichseveralcorrespondentgivereport.新聞節(jié)目主播在新聞節(jié)

目中綜合整理若干記者的報(bào)導(dǎo)。

Thisisacoordinateclause.這是一個(gè)并列子句。

★attachv.附上，系上，貼上，使依戀

例句：

Thismiddleschoolisattachedtoateachers1college.這所中學(xué)附屬于一所師范院校。

Heattachedalabeltohisbaggage.他往行李上貼了一個(gè)標(biāo)簽。

Wearemuchattachedtoeachother.我們之間感情深厚。

★boundn.跳躍，界限，范圍;adj.必定的，受約束的，裝訂的，有義務(wù)的;vt.跳躍前進(jìn)，形

成界限

例句：

Idon'tlikebeingdesk-bound（eginanoffice）allday.我不喜歡整天拴在辦公桌旁（如在辦公室里）.

Withonebound,hewasoverthewall.他縱身一躍就跳過(guò)了墻。

Thedogboundeddownthehill.狗跳躍著朝山下跑去。

2）Knowledgeaboutthemusculoskeletalsystem

2.1usefulwebsites

http://www.hse.gov.uk/msd/index,htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_musculoskeletal_system

2.2.Humanmusculoskeletalsystem

Musculoskeletalsystem（alsoknownasthelocomotorsystem）isanorgansystemthatgivesanimals

（includinghumans）theabilitytomoveusingthemuscularandskeletalsystems.Themusculoskeletal

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systemprovidesform,support,stability,andmovementtothebody.

Itismadeupofthebody'sbones(theskeleton),muscles,cartilage,[l]tendons,ligaments,joints,and

otherconnectivetissue(thetissuethatsupportsandbindstissuesandorganstogether).The

musculoskeletalsystem'sprimaryfunctionsincludesupportingthebody,allowingmotion,andprotecting

vitalorgans.[2]Theskeletalportionofthesystemservesasthemainstoragesystemforcalciumand

phosphorusandcontainscriticalcomponentsofthehematopoieticsystem.[3]

Thissystemdescribeshowbonesareconnectedtootherbonesandmusclefibersviaconnectivetissue

suchastendonsandligaments.Thebonesprovidethestabilitytoabodyinanalogytoironrodsinconcrete

construction.Muscleskeepbonesinplaceandalsoplayaroleinmovementofthebones.Toallowmotion,

differentbonesareconnectedbyjoints.Cartilagepreventstheboneendsfromrubbingdirectlyontoeach

other.Musclescontract(bunchup)tomovetheboneattachedatthejoint.

Thereare,however,diseasesanddisordersthatmayadverselyaffectthefunctionandoverall

effectivenessofthesystem.Thesediseasescanbedifficulttodiagnoseduetothecloserelationofthe

musculoskeletalsystemtootherinternalsystems.Themusculoskeletalsystemreferstothesystemhaving

itsmusclesattachedtoaninternalskeletalsystemandisnecessaryforhumanstomovetoamore

favorableposition.Complexissuesandinjuriesinvolvingthemusculoskeletalsystemareusuallyhandled

byanorthopaedicsurgeon.

l.AMeSHMusculoskeletal+System

2.AMooar,Pekka(2007).''Introduction1,.MerckManual.

/mmhe/sec05/ch058/ch058a.html.Retrieved2008-11-12.

3.八abKahn,Cynthia;ScottLine(2008).MusculoskeletalSystemIntroduction:Introduction.NJ,

USA:Merck&Co.,Inc../mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/90100.htm.

2.3Diseasesanddisorders

Becausemanyotherbodysystems,includingthevascular,nervous,andintegumentarysystems,are

interrelated,disordersofoneofthesesystemsmayalsoaffectthemusculoskeletalsystemandcomplicate

thediagnosisofthedisorder'sorigin.Diseasesofthemusculoskeletalsystemmostlyencompassfunctional

disordersormotiondiscrepancies;thelevelofimpairmentdependsspecificallyontheproblemandits

severity.Articular(oforpertainingtothejoints)[l]disordersarethemostcommon.However,alsoamong

thediagnosesare:primarymusculardiseases,neurologic(relatedtothemedicalsciencethatdealswiththe

nervoussystemanddisordersaffectingit)12Jdeficits,toxins,endocrineabnormalities,metabolicdisorders,

infectiousdiseases,bloodandvasculardisorders,andnutritionalimbalances.Disordersofmusclesfrom

anotherbodysystemcanbringaboutirregularitiessuchas:impairmentofocularmotionandcontrol,

respiratorydysfunction,andbladdermalfunct